[目的/意义]针对自然环境干扰下检测模型对辣椒叶片病虫害的特征提取不充分、容易忽视目标物体的边缘信息,以及小块病斑与虫害病灶易漏检等问题,本研究提出一种轻量化辣椒叶片病害检测算法,即YOLOMDFR(You Only Look Once Version 12-MD...[目的/意义]针对自然环境干扰下检测模型对辣椒叶片病虫害的特征提取不充分、容易忽视目标物体的边缘信息,以及小块病斑与虫害病灶易漏检等问题,本研究提出一种轻量化辣椒叶片病害检测算法,即YOLOMDFR(You Only Look Once Version 12-MDFR)。[方法]基于YOLOv12s模型做出改进。首先用两个堆叠的3×3的深度可分离卷积代替一个5×5的深度可分离卷积以改进MobileNetV4,并将其代替YOLOv12s的原始骨干网络实现骨干网络轻量化。其次为提高小目标物体的特征提取能力,提出了多维频域互补自注意力机制模块(Dimensional Frequency Reciprocal Attention Mixing Transformer,D-F-Ramit)。最后利用D-F-Ramit与RAGConv(Residual Aggrega⁃tion Gate-Controlled Convolution)重新设计颈部网络,增强模型的特征融合能力和信息传递能力。基于以上改进提出YOLO-MDFR目标检测算法。[结果和讨论]实验结果表明,本研究提出的YOLO-MDFR模型在实验数据集上的平均识别精确度达到95.6%,与YOLOv12s模型相比,平均识别精度提高了2.0%,同时参数量下降了61.5%,计算量下降了68.5%,帧率达到43.4帧/s。[结论]本研究通过系统性的架构优化,在保持模型轻量化的同时显著提升了检测性能,实现了计算效率与检测精度的最佳平衡。展开更多
Bitter Pit(BP)is a prevalent physiological disorder in apple that significantly reduces fruit quality and market value.While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying BP occurrence,the molecular pro...Bitter Pit(BP)is a prevalent physiological disorder in apple that significantly reduces fruit quality and market value.While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying BP occurrence,the molecular processes,particularly the role of the Ca^(2+)/H^(+)exchanger(CAX),remain unclear.This study aims to elucidate the function of the MdCAX5 gene in relation to BP development.To achieve this,we utilized transient transformation in apple,as well as stable transformation in Arabidopsis and tomato,to measure the mineral content in transgenic plants,thereby validating the function of MdCAX5.The overexpression of the MdCAX5 gene significantly reduced calcium(Ca)content in plants and disrupted the mineral element balance within the plant.Analysis of the MdCAX5 gene promoter revealed that Ca^(2+)can enhance promoter activity,indicating that the MdCAX5 gene can effectively respond to Ca signaling.Transcriptomic analysis of tomato plants stably overexpressing the MdCAX5 gene revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in Ca signal transduction and transport,which in turn impacted the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways within the plants.These changes resulted in a reduction in Ca content,imbalanced Ca distribution,increased hydrolase activity,and disrupted cellular structures,including compromised organelles,cellular membranes,and membrane components.These disruptions culminated in the manifestation of Ca deficiency symptoms in the plants.This study provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of apple BP disease.展开更多
In recent years,an unusual wilt disease affecting Pyrus pyrifolia has been observed in various regions of Jiangsu,China.This disease originates from the roots and progresses with distinctive browning patterns along va...In recent years,an unusual wilt disease affecting Pyrus pyrifolia has been observed in various regions of Jiangsu,China.This disease originates from the roots and progresses with distinctive browning patterns along vascular tissues,even extending over two meters above the ground.These symptoms set it apart from recognized pear diseases and typically lead to the death of affected trees within the same or the following year.Furthermore,this disease exhibits a tendency to spread to neighboring trees even after the removal of affected trees,presenting a substantial threat to pear production.To ascertain the causative agent,the present study encompassed pathogen isolation,morphological and molecular identification,as well as validation experiments adhering to Koch's postulates.The fungal isolates obtained were identified as Fusarium cugenangense based on characteristics of the colonies and conidia,in addition to a phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha(tef1),calmodulin(Ca M),and RNA polymerase second largest subunit(rpb2)genes.Pathogenicity of the isolated F.cugenangense on pear was confirmed by artificial inoculation.By introducing GFP-labeled pathogens into the roots,colonization in stem and leaf tissues was observed via fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Furthermore,these pathogens were successfully reisolated from stems and foliage,conclusively providing evidence of systemic infection within the pear plants.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cugenangense causing pear wilt disease in China.展开更多
文摘[目的/意义]针对自然环境干扰下检测模型对辣椒叶片病虫害的特征提取不充分、容易忽视目标物体的边缘信息,以及小块病斑与虫害病灶易漏检等问题,本研究提出一种轻量化辣椒叶片病害检测算法,即YOLOMDFR(You Only Look Once Version 12-MDFR)。[方法]基于YOLOv12s模型做出改进。首先用两个堆叠的3×3的深度可分离卷积代替一个5×5的深度可分离卷积以改进MobileNetV4,并将其代替YOLOv12s的原始骨干网络实现骨干网络轻量化。其次为提高小目标物体的特征提取能力,提出了多维频域互补自注意力机制模块(Dimensional Frequency Reciprocal Attention Mixing Transformer,D-F-Ramit)。最后利用D-F-Ramit与RAGConv(Residual Aggrega⁃tion Gate-Controlled Convolution)重新设计颈部网络,增强模型的特征融合能力和信息传递能力。基于以上改进提出YOLO-MDFR目标检测算法。[结果和讨论]实验结果表明,本研究提出的YOLO-MDFR模型在实验数据集上的平均识别精确度达到95.6%,与YOLOv12s模型相比,平均识别精度提高了2.0%,同时参数量下降了61.5%,计算量下降了68.5%,帧率达到43.4帧/s。[结论]本研究通过系统性的架构优化,在保持模型轻量化的同时显著提升了检测性能,实现了计算效率与检测精度的最佳平衡。
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32300327).
文摘Bitter Pit(BP)is a prevalent physiological disorder in apple that significantly reduces fruit quality and market value.While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying BP occurrence,the molecular processes,particularly the role of the Ca^(2+)/H^(+)exchanger(CAX),remain unclear.This study aims to elucidate the function of the MdCAX5 gene in relation to BP development.To achieve this,we utilized transient transformation in apple,as well as stable transformation in Arabidopsis and tomato,to measure the mineral content in transgenic plants,thereby validating the function of MdCAX5.The overexpression of the MdCAX5 gene significantly reduced calcium(Ca)content in plants and disrupted the mineral element balance within the plant.Analysis of the MdCAX5 gene promoter revealed that Ca^(2+)can enhance promoter activity,indicating that the MdCAX5 gene can effectively respond to Ca signaling.Transcriptomic analysis of tomato plants stably overexpressing the MdCAX5 gene revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in Ca signal transduction and transport,which in turn impacted the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways within the plants.These changes resulted in a reduction in Ca content,imbalanced Ca distribution,increased hydrolase activity,and disrupted cellular structures,including compromised organelles,cellular membranes,and membrane components.These disruptions culminated in the manifestation of Ca deficiency symptoms in the plants.This study provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of apple BP disease.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX(23)1011)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901837)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671389)the Basal Research Fund for the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(ZX(23)3016)the Yafu Technology Service Project,China(KF(23)1106)。
文摘In recent years,an unusual wilt disease affecting Pyrus pyrifolia has been observed in various regions of Jiangsu,China.This disease originates from the roots and progresses with distinctive browning patterns along vascular tissues,even extending over two meters above the ground.These symptoms set it apart from recognized pear diseases and typically lead to the death of affected trees within the same or the following year.Furthermore,this disease exhibits a tendency to spread to neighboring trees even after the removal of affected trees,presenting a substantial threat to pear production.To ascertain the causative agent,the present study encompassed pathogen isolation,morphological and molecular identification,as well as validation experiments adhering to Koch's postulates.The fungal isolates obtained were identified as Fusarium cugenangense based on characteristics of the colonies and conidia,in addition to a phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha(tef1),calmodulin(Ca M),and RNA polymerase second largest subunit(rpb2)genes.Pathogenicity of the isolated F.cugenangense on pear was confirmed by artificial inoculation.By introducing GFP-labeled pathogens into the roots,colonization in stem and leaf tissues was observed via fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Furthermore,these pathogens were successfully reisolated from stems and foliage,conclusively providing evidence of systemic infection within the pear plants.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cugenangense causing pear wilt disease in China.
