在干旱、盐害、重金属污染等非生物胁迫日益威胁农业生产稳定性的背景下,提升种子抗逆性成为保障粮食安全的关键,本文系统综述激光辐照技术提升种子抗逆性的研究进展,初步探讨激光处理在非生物胁迫条件下对种子生理代谢与分子调节机制...在干旱、盐害、重金属污染等非生物胁迫日益威胁农业生产稳定性的背景下,提升种子抗逆性成为保障粮食安全的关键,本文系统综述激光辐照技术提升种子抗逆性的研究进展,初步探讨激光处理在非生物胁迫条件下对种子生理代谢与分子调节机制的作用路径,并结合现代农业发展趋势,探讨该技术在农业生产尤其是智能农业中的应用前景,为抗逆农业技术创新提供理论支撑。对Web of Science和CNKI数据库的文献检索,评估多种激光辐照在不同非生物胁迫条件下对种子萌发、抗逆性和基因表达的影响,并探讨不同激光波长、剂量和时长对种子调节效果的影响。激光辐照通过激活PhyB-GA信号通路、增强ROS清除能力和抗氧化酶活性等途径,显著提高种子在干旱、盐害及重金属胁迫下的抗逆性。此外,激光还能通过调节激素水平和优化渗透调节物质的积累,提升种子适应性,促进作物在逆境中的稳定生长。激光辐照作为绿色高效的物理手段,可通过调节植物光信号响应,激活抗氧化防御,促进渗透调节与水分/养分吸收,并协调内源激素与能量代谢,从而显著增强作物抗逆性并优化早期生长。其特性契合绿色可持续农业发展,未来应与计算机、纳米技术等融合,构建可推广、可复制的应用范式,以应对气候变化与环境胁迫下的农业生产挑战。展开更多
Increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations from~280 ppm in the pre-industrial era to over 420 ppm today, and projected to exceed 550 ppm by 2050(IPCC, 2023), are transforming the biochemical context of plant metaboli...Increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations from~280 ppm in the pre-industrial era to over 420 ppm today, and projected to exceed 550 ppm by 2050(IPCC, 2023), are transforming the biochemical context of plant metabolism,causing restructuring of carbon and nitrogen balance in crops. Though elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2)) increases photosynthetic efficacy and biomass accumulation in many C3crops, it also disrupts carbon-nitrogen balance, leading to nitrogen dilution in leaves and grains, eventually compromising food quality(Myers et al., 2014;Rezaei et al., 2023). Rice is a staple food that feeds nearly half of the world's population;it requires sustained yield gains, considering an estimated 35%-56%increase in demand by 2050, as the global population approaches 10 billion(Van Dijk et al., 2021), while reducing dependency on nitrogen fertilizers, whose production and overuse contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emission(Qian et al., 2023). Yet, most breeding programs remain regulated to present-day atmospheric conditions, overlooking the physiological and molecular adaptations required for future CO_(2)climates.展开更多
文摘在干旱、盐害、重金属污染等非生物胁迫日益威胁农业生产稳定性的背景下,提升种子抗逆性成为保障粮食安全的关键,本文系统综述激光辐照技术提升种子抗逆性的研究进展,初步探讨激光处理在非生物胁迫条件下对种子生理代谢与分子调节机制的作用路径,并结合现代农业发展趋势,探讨该技术在农业生产尤其是智能农业中的应用前景,为抗逆农业技术创新提供理论支撑。对Web of Science和CNKI数据库的文献检索,评估多种激光辐照在不同非生物胁迫条件下对种子萌发、抗逆性和基因表达的影响,并探讨不同激光波长、剂量和时长对种子调节效果的影响。激光辐照通过激活PhyB-GA信号通路、增强ROS清除能力和抗氧化酶活性等途径,显著提高种子在干旱、盐害及重金属胁迫下的抗逆性。此外,激光还能通过调节激素水平和优化渗透调节物质的积累,提升种子适应性,促进作物在逆境中的稳定生长。激光辐照作为绿色高效的物理手段,可通过调节植物光信号响应,激活抗氧化防御,促进渗透调节与水分/养分吸收,并协调内源激素与能量代谢,从而显著增强作物抗逆性并优化早期生长。其特性契合绿色可持续农业发展,未来应与计算机、纳米技术等融合,构建可推广、可复制的应用范式,以应对气候变化与环境胁迫下的农业生产挑战。
基金supported by the Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Carbon Neutrality(No.2023B1212120003)the Guangdong Talent Program(No.2023JC10N060)+1 种基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Program(No.2022B1212040001)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022660500250009604)。
文摘Increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations from~280 ppm in the pre-industrial era to over 420 ppm today, and projected to exceed 550 ppm by 2050(IPCC, 2023), are transforming the biochemical context of plant metabolism,causing restructuring of carbon and nitrogen balance in crops. Though elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2)) increases photosynthetic efficacy and biomass accumulation in many C3crops, it also disrupts carbon-nitrogen balance, leading to nitrogen dilution in leaves and grains, eventually compromising food quality(Myers et al., 2014;Rezaei et al., 2023). Rice is a staple food that feeds nearly half of the world's population;it requires sustained yield gains, considering an estimated 35%-56%increase in demand by 2050, as the global population approaches 10 billion(Van Dijk et al., 2021), while reducing dependency on nitrogen fertilizers, whose production and overuse contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emission(Qian et al., 2023). Yet, most breeding programs remain regulated to present-day atmospheric conditions, overlooking the physiological and molecular adaptations required for future CO_(2)climates.
