为明确生物质炭配施耐酸芽孢杆菌对红壤酸化改良及生物多样性的改善效果与机制,通过室内培育试验,探究玉米秸秆生物质炭与耐酸枯草芽孢杆菌Bs-m9联合施用对红壤酸碱性、养分含量、微生物多样性动态变化及相互关系的影响。结果表明,生物...为明确生物质炭配施耐酸芽孢杆菌对红壤酸化改良及生物多样性的改善效果与机制,通过室内培育试验,探究玉米秸秆生物质炭与耐酸枯草芽孢杆菌Bs-m9联合施用对红壤酸碱性、养分含量、微生物多样性动态变化及相互关系的影响。结果表明,生物质炭与Bs-m9菌液联用短期内(6 d)显著提升土壤p H 0.36个单位,降低交换性酸24.6%、交换性铝9.6%,同时增加有机质64.1%;长期(60 d)处理下,交换性铝进一步降低19.8%,有机质与有效磷含量稳定提升。微生物群落动态分析显示,短期处理虽导致细菌群落丰富度与Shannon指数较对照暂时下降,但长期处理(60 d )呈现显著逆转,二者分别提升11.62%和3.60%,驱动酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门等寡营养型菌群定向演替,并特异性富集WPS-2功能类群(第6天、第60天丰度较对照分别提升15.68%和67.2%)和担子菌门(第6天、第60天丰度较对照分别提升55.2%和207.1%)。冗余分析显示,生物质炭与Bs-m9菌液联用细菌群落第6天受有机质(R^(2)=0.46)和全磷(R^(2)=0.61)驱动,第60天转为交换性铝主导(R^(2)=0.79);真菌多样性始终由可溶性有机碳调控(R^(2)=0.81~0.45)。综上所述,生物质炭与耐酸枯草芽孢杆菌联用短期内可快速缓解红壤酸化,改善土壤微生物多样性和群落结构,具有潜在的红壤改良应用前景。展开更多
Long-term manure application has the potential to alleviate soil acidification, and increase carbon sequestration and nutrient availability, thus improving cropland fertility. However, the mechanisms behind greenhouse...Long-term manure application has the potential to alleviate soil acidification, and increase carbon sequestration and nutrient availability, thus improving cropland fertility. However, the mechanisms behind greenhouse gas N_(2)O emissions from acidic soil mediated by long-term manure application remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated N_(2)O emission and its linkage with gross N mineralization and nitrification rates, as well as nitrifying and denitrifying microbes in an acidic upland soil subjected to 36-year fertilization treatments, including an unfertilized control(CK), inorganic fertilizer(F), 2× rate of inorganic fertilizer(2F), manure(M), and the combination of inorganic fertilizer and manure(FM) treatments. Compared to the CK treatment(1.34 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)), fertilization strongly increased N_(2)O emissions by 34-fold on average, with more pronounced increases in the manure-amendment(10.6-169 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)) than those in the inorganic fertilizer treatments(3.26-5.51 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)). The manure amendment-stimulated N_(2)O emissions were highly associated with increased soil pH, mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, substrate availability(e.g., particulate organic carbon, NO_(3)^(-)and available phosphorus), gross N mineralization rates, denitrifier abundances and the(nirK+nirS)/nosZ ratio. These findings suggest that the increased N_(2)O emissions primarily resulted from alleviated acidification, increased substrate availability and improved soil structure, thus enhancing microbial N mineralization and favoring N_(2)O^(-)producing denitrifiers over N_(2)O consumers. Moreover, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) rather than ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) positively correlated with soil NO_(3)^(-)concentration and N_(2)O emissions, indicating that nitrification indirectly contributed to N_(2)O production by supplying NO_(3)^(-)for denitrification. Collectively, manure amendment potentially stimulates N_(2)O emissions, primarily resulting from alleviated soil acidification and increased substrate availability, thus enhancing N mineralization and denitrifier-mediated N_(2)O production. Our findings suggest that consideration should be given to the greenhouse gas budgets of agricultural ecosystems when applying manure for managing the pH and fertility of acidic soils.展开更多
文摘为明确生物质炭配施耐酸芽孢杆菌对红壤酸化改良及生物多样性的改善效果与机制,通过室内培育试验,探究玉米秸秆生物质炭与耐酸枯草芽孢杆菌Bs-m9联合施用对红壤酸碱性、养分含量、微生物多样性动态变化及相互关系的影响。结果表明,生物质炭与Bs-m9菌液联用短期内(6 d)显著提升土壤p H 0.36个单位,降低交换性酸24.6%、交换性铝9.6%,同时增加有机质64.1%;长期(60 d)处理下,交换性铝进一步降低19.8%,有机质与有效磷含量稳定提升。微生物群落动态分析显示,短期处理虽导致细菌群落丰富度与Shannon指数较对照暂时下降,但长期处理(60 d )呈现显著逆转,二者分别提升11.62%和3.60%,驱动酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门等寡营养型菌群定向演替,并特异性富集WPS-2功能类群(第6天、第60天丰度较对照分别提升15.68%和67.2%)和担子菌门(第6天、第60天丰度较对照分别提升55.2%和207.1%)。冗余分析显示,生物质炭与Bs-m9菌液联用细菌群落第6天受有机质(R^(2)=0.46)和全磷(R^(2)=0.61)驱动,第60天转为交换性铝主导(R^(2)=0.79);真菌多样性始终由可溶性有机碳调控(R^(2)=0.81~0.45)。综上所述,生物质炭与耐酸枯草芽孢杆菌联用短期内可快速缓解红壤酸化,改善土壤微生物多样性和群落结构,具有潜在的红壤改良应用前景。
基金financially supported by the National Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Project of China (2021FY100501)the Youth Innovation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Y2023QC16)。
文摘Long-term manure application has the potential to alleviate soil acidification, and increase carbon sequestration and nutrient availability, thus improving cropland fertility. However, the mechanisms behind greenhouse gas N_(2)O emissions from acidic soil mediated by long-term manure application remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated N_(2)O emission and its linkage with gross N mineralization and nitrification rates, as well as nitrifying and denitrifying microbes in an acidic upland soil subjected to 36-year fertilization treatments, including an unfertilized control(CK), inorganic fertilizer(F), 2× rate of inorganic fertilizer(2F), manure(M), and the combination of inorganic fertilizer and manure(FM) treatments. Compared to the CK treatment(1.34 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)), fertilization strongly increased N_(2)O emissions by 34-fold on average, with more pronounced increases in the manure-amendment(10.6-169 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)) than those in the inorganic fertilizer treatments(3.26-5.51 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)). The manure amendment-stimulated N_(2)O emissions were highly associated with increased soil pH, mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, substrate availability(e.g., particulate organic carbon, NO_(3)^(-)and available phosphorus), gross N mineralization rates, denitrifier abundances and the(nirK+nirS)/nosZ ratio. These findings suggest that the increased N_(2)O emissions primarily resulted from alleviated acidification, increased substrate availability and improved soil structure, thus enhancing microbial N mineralization and favoring N_(2)O^(-)producing denitrifiers over N_(2)O consumers. Moreover, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) rather than ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) positively correlated with soil NO_(3)^(-)concentration and N_(2)O emissions, indicating that nitrification indirectly contributed to N_(2)O production by supplying NO_(3)^(-)for denitrification. Collectively, manure amendment potentially stimulates N_(2)O emissions, primarily resulting from alleviated soil acidification and increased substrate availability, thus enhancing N mineralization and denitrifier-mediated N_(2)O production. Our findings suggest that consideration should be given to the greenhouse gas budgets of agricultural ecosystems when applying manure for managing the pH and fertility of acidic soils.
