目的·探究酒精使用障碍(alcohol use disorder,AUD)患者在不同情绪背景下的抑制控制表现及心理机制,了解情绪调节困难对抑制控制功能的影响。方法·招募28名男性AUD住院患者(AUD组)和28名年龄、受教育程度相匹配的健康对照(健...目的·探究酒精使用障碍(alcohol use disorder,AUD)患者在不同情绪背景下的抑制控制表现及心理机制,了解情绪调节困难对抑制控制功能的影响。方法·招募28名男性AUD住院患者(AUD组)和28名年龄、受教育程度相匹配的健康对照(健康对照组)。采用情绪Go/Nogo任务(愤怒/中性表情面孔)评估被试行为抑制功能,结合层级贝叶斯漂移扩散模型(hierarchical drift-diffusion model,HDDM)量化他们的认知参数(漂移率、决策阈值、非决策时间)。通过情绪调节困难量表(Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale,DERS)和酒精使用障碍筛查量表(Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test,AUDIT)进行临床评估,并运用bootstrap法检验有调节的中介效应模型。结果·AUD组在DERS总分及所有子维度(目标导向行为、冲动控制、策略获取、情绪清晰性)得分均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。行为层面,与健康对照组相比,AUD组误按率[F_((1,54))=8.62,P=0.005]与遗漏率[F_((1,54))=4.28,P=0.043]更高,且愤怒面孔刺激反应时普遍延长[F_((1,54))=12.26,P=0.001]。认知建模显示AUD组漂移率显著低于健康对照组[F_((1,54))=15.56,P<0.001],提示信息加工效率受损。有调节的中介模型显示,在愤怒面孔刺激条件下,漂移率部分中介组别对误按率的影响,总间接效应值为9.564(95%CI 3.874~16.387);进一步分析表明,高水平情绪调节困难(比平均值高1个标准差)条件下间接效应增强至10.133(95%CI 3.963~17.927),而低水平(比平均值低1个标准差)时效应为9.011(95%CI 3.778~14.921)。结论·AUD患者信息加工效率的降低部分解释了患者的抑制控制功能障碍,且该影响与个体情绪调节能力存在关联。提示社会威胁信息加工异常可能是AUD患者,特别是在情绪调节能力较弱的个体抑制控制功能损害的重要影响因素。展开更多
目的研究分析美沙酮维持治疗者孤独感和毒品使用的关联性,为戒毒治疗提供科学依据。方法2023年4月至5月采用随机整群抽样方法对武汉市6家美沙酮维持治疗门诊的993例社区阿片类物质成瘾者进行问卷调查,使用R version 4.4.1进行t检验和X^...目的研究分析美沙酮维持治疗者孤独感和毒品使用的关联性,为戒毒治疗提供科学依据。方法2023年4月至5月采用随机整群抽样方法对武汉市6家美沙酮维持治疗门诊的993例社区阿片类物质成瘾者进行问卷调查,使用R version 4.4.1进行t检验和X^(2)检验,采用多因素Logistic回归分析孤独感与近1个月吸毒行为的关系,采用限制性样条函数Logistic回归拟合剂量反应关系。结果993例美沙酮维持治疗者中,15.31%(152例)在近1个月使用过毒品,UCLA孤独量表得分<44分和≥44分的比例分别为39.58%(393例)、60.42%(600例)。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,在调整人口统计学、是否曾经强制戒毒和艾滋病知识知晓因素后,与UCLA孤独量表得分<44分患者比较,高孤独感得分(≥44分)患者近1个月使用毒品的可能性较低(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.25~0.57)。限制性样条模型显示,UCLA孤独量表得分与毒品使用风险之间存在非线性关系,中度孤独感得分(47~60分)区域内,毒品使用风险的OR<1。结论孤独感与毒品使用呈非线性剂量反应关系,在一定范围内,高孤独感美沙酮维持治疗患者近期毒品使用风险显著降低。展开更多
药物成瘾是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题,造成了患者沉重的生理、心理以及社会负担。近年来,腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)作为细胞能量代谢的关键调节因子,在药物成瘾的发生和发展中引起了广泛关注。AMP...药物成瘾是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题,造成了患者沉重的生理、心理以及社会负担。近年来,腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)作为细胞能量代谢的关键调节因子,在药物成瘾的发生和发展中引起了广泛关注。AMPK通过感知细胞内能量变化,调节一系列生理过程,如自噬、氧化应激和神经元适应性变化,进而抑制药物成瘾的发生。此外,AMPK的活化还可通过调节突触可塑性、神经元兴奋性和基因表达,改善药物成瘾过程中的神经适应性变化。该文将从分子生物学的角度出发,探讨AMPK在药物成瘾发生发展中的作用,以期为开发靶向AMPK治疗药物成瘾的新型治疗药物提供理论依据。展开更多
酒精使用障碍(AUD)是全球范围内普遍存在的棘手问题,也是物质使用障碍中最为常见的类型。在神经影像学技术不断革新的背景下,多种无创成像技术逐渐兴起,它们被广泛应用于探究饮酒者大脑损伤特征、认知功能缺损情况以及成瘾的神经生物学...酒精使用障碍(AUD)是全球范围内普遍存在的棘手问题,也是物质使用障碍中最为常见的类型。在神经影像学技术不断革新的背景下,多种无创成像技术逐渐兴起,它们被广泛应用于探究饮酒者大脑损伤特征、认知功能缺损情况以及成瘾的神经生物学机制。这些技术包括功能磁共振成像(fMRI)、脑电图(EEG),以及具有治疗潜力的经颅磁刺激(TMS)和经颅直流电刺激(tDCS),它们在AUD的诊断、预后评估和治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文系统总结了这些技术的研究应用和相关发现,分析了当前研究的成果及其局限性,并通过整合组内和组间的研究成果,展望了未来研究方向,为更深入的饮酒者研究及治疗提供理论依据和指导。Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread and challenging global issue and the most common type of substance use disorder. With continuous advancements in neuroimaging technologies, various non-invasive imaging techniques have emerged and been widely applied to investigate brain damage characteristics, cognitive deficits, and the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction in drinkers. These techniques include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), as well as therapeutic potential methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). These technologies play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment of AUD. This article systematically summarizes the research applications and relevant findings of these techniques, analyzes current research achievements and limitations, and, by integrating within-group and between-group studies, explores future research directions, providing theoretical support and guidance for deeper research and treatment of individuals with AUD.展开更多
Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a medical condition that impairs a person's ability to stop or manage their drinking in the face of negative social,occupational,or health consequences.AUD is defined by the National In...Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a medical condition that impairs a person's ability to stop or manage their drinking in the face of negative social,occupational,or health consequences.AUD is defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as a"severe problem".The central nervous system is the primary target of alcohol's adverse effects.It is crucial to identify various neurological disorders associated with AUD,including alcohol withdrawal syndrome,Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome,Marchiafava-Bignami disease,dementia,and neuropathy.To gain a better understanding of the neurological environment of alcoholism and to shed light on the role of various neurotransmitters in the phenomenon of alcoholism.A comprehensive search of online databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,was conducted to identify relevant articles.Several neurotransmitters(dopamine,gammaaminobutyric acid,serotonin,and glutamate)have been linked to alcoholism due to a brain imbalance.Alcoholism appears to be a complex genetic disorder,with variations in many genes influencing risk.Some of these genes have been identified,including two alcohol metabolism genes,alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene,which have the most potent known effects on the risk of alcoholism.Neuronal degeneration and demyelination in people with AUD may be caused by neuronal damage,nutrient deficiencies,and blood brain barrier dysfunction;however,the underlying mechanism is unknown.This review will provide a detailed overview of the neurobiology of alcohol addiction,followed by recent studies published in the genetics of alcohol addiction,molecular mechanism and detailed information on the various acute and chronic neurological manifestations of alcoholism for the Future research.展开更多
文摘目的研究分析美沙酮维持治疗者孤独感和毒品使用的关联性,为戒毒治疗提供科学依据。方法2023年4月至5月采用随机整群抽样方法对武汉市6家美沙酮维持治疗门诊的993例社区阿片类物质成瘾者进行问卷调查,使用R version 4.4.1进行t检验和X^(2)检验,采用多因素Logistic回归分析孤独感与近1个月吸毒行为的关系,采用限制性样条函数Logistic回归拟合剂量反应关系。结果993例美沙酮维持治疗者中,15.31%(152例)在近1个月使用过毒品,UCLA孤独量表得分<44分和≥44分的比例分别为39.58%(393例)、60.42%(600例)。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,在调整人口统计学、是否曾经强制戒毒和艾滋病知识知晓因素后,与UCLA孤独量表得分<44分患者比较,高孤独感得分(≥44分)患者近1个月使用毒品的可能性较低(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.25~0.57)。限制性样条模型显示,UCLA孤独量表得分与毒品使用风险之间存在非线性关系,中度孤独感得分(47~60分)区域内,毒品使用风险的OR<1。结论孤独感与毒品使用呈非线性剂量反应关系,在一定范围内,高孤独感美沙酮维持治疗患者近期毒品使用风险显著降低。
文摘药物成瘾是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题,造成了患者沉重的生理、心理以及社会负担。近年来,腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)作为细胞能量代谢的关键调节因子,在药物成瘾的发生和发展中引起了广泛关注。AMPK通过感知细胞内能量变化,调节一系列生理过程,如自噬、氧化应激和神经元适应性变化,进而抑制药物成瘾的发生。此外,AMPK的活化还可通过调节突触可塑性、神经元兴奋性和基因表达,改善药物成瘾过程中的神经适应性变化。该文将从分子生物学的角度出发,探讨AMPK在药物成瘾发生发展中的作用,以期为开发靶向AMPK治疗药物成瘾的新型治疗药物提供理论依据。
文摘酒精使用障碍(AUD)是全球范围内普遍存在的棘手问题,也是物质使用障碍中最为常见的类型。在神经影像学技术不断革新的背景下,多种无创成像技术逐渐兴起,它们被广泛应用于探究饮酒者大脑损伤特征、认知功能缺损情况以及成瘾的神经生物学机制。这些技术包括功能磁共振成像(fMRI)、脑电图(EEG),以及具有治疗潜力的经颅磁刺激(TMS)和经颅直流电刺激(tDCS),它们在AUD的诊断、预后评估和治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文系统总结了这些技术的研究应用和相关发现,分析了当前研究的成果及其局限性,并通过整合组内和组间的研究成果,展望了未来研究方向,为更深入的饮酒者研究及治疗提供理论依据和指导。Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread and challenging global issue and the most common type of substance use disorder. With continuous advancements in neuroimaging technologies, various non-invasive imaging techniques have emerged and been widely applied to investigate brain damage characteristics, cognitive deficits, and the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction in drinkers. These techniques include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), as well as therapeutic potential methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). These technologies play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment of AUD. This article systematically summarizes the research applications and relevant findings of these techniques, analyzes current research achievements and limitations, and, by integrating within-group and between-group studies, explores future research directions, providing theoretical support and guidance for deeper research and treatment of individuals with AUD.
文摘Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a medical condition that impairs a person's ability to stop or manage their drinking in the face of negative social,occupational,or health consequences.AUD is defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as a"severe problem".The central nervous system is the primary target of alcohol's adverse effects.It is crucial to identify various neurological disorders associated with AUD,including alcohol withdrawal syndrome,Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome,Marchiafava-Bignami disease,dementia,and neuropathy.To gain a better understanding of the neurological environment of alcoholism and to shed light on the role of various neurotransmitters in the phenomenon of alcoholism.A comprehensive search of online databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,was conducted to identify relevant articles.Several neurotransmitters(dopamine,gammaaminobutyric acid,serotonin,and glutamate)have been linked to alcoholism due to a brain imbalance.Alcoholism appears to be a complex genetic disorder,with variations in many genes influencing risk.Some of these genes have been identified,including two alcohol metabolism genes,alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene,which have the most potent known effects on the risk of alcoholism.Neuronal degeneration and demyelination in people with AUD may be caused by neuronal damage,nutrient deficiencies,and blood brain barrier dysfunction;however,the underlying mechanism is unknown.This review will provide a detailed overview of the neurobiology of alcohol addiction,followed by recent studies published in the genetics of alcohol addiction,molecular mechanism and detailed information on the various acute and chronic neurological manifestations of alcoholism for the Future research.
