Myelination in the central nervous system(CNS)is a highly intricate process,exclusive to vertebrates,that relies on the coordinated interaction between oligodendrocytes(OLs)and neurons.In addition to their role in for...Myelination in the central nervous system(CNS)is a highly intricate process,exclusive to vertebrates,that relies on the coordinated interaction between oligodendrocytes(OLs)and neurons.In addition to their role in forming myelin,accumulating evidence indicates that OLs provide crucial trophic support to axons,contributing to normal CNS function.Notably,OL injury and loss are observed in a variety of human conditions,including stroke,traumatic injuries of the brain and spinal cord,as well as neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis(MS).展开更多
Loss of immune tolerance to central nervous system(CNS)antigens lies at the heart of multiple sclerosis(MS),the most common chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS.MS affects nearly2 million people wo rldwide and is cha...Loss of immune tolerance to central nervous system(CNS)antigens lies at the heart of multiple sclerosis(MS),the most common chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS.MS affects nearly2 million people wo rldwide and is chara cterized by focal areas of demyelination,inflammation,axonal injury,and neurodegeneration(Bronge et al.,2022;Magliozzi et al.,2023).展开更多
Active inflammation in“inactive”progressive multiple sclerosis:Traditionally,the distinction between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS)has been framed as an inflammatory v...Active inflammation in“inactive”progressive multiple sclerosis:Traditionally,the distinction between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS)has been framed as an inflammatory versus degenerative dichotomy.This was based on a broad misconception regarding essentially all neurodegenerative conditions,depicting the degenerative process as passive and immune-independent occurring as a late byproduct of active inflammation in the central nervous system(CNS),which is(solely)systemically driven.展开更多
Myelin,made by oligodendrocytes(OLs)in the central nervous system(CNS),is essential for neural transmission.In particular,myelin facilitates communication across the long connections between different brain regions th...Myelin,made by oligodendrocytes(OLs)in the central nervous system(CNS),is essential for neural transmission.In particular,myelin facilitates communication across the long connections between different brain regions that form the white matter.Myelinated segments also provide metabolic intermediates to axons,supporting their demanding energetic needs.Genetic disorders that disrupt myelin formation result in progressive neurologic degeneration.展开更多
The Hedgehog(HH)family includes Indian(IHH),Desert(DHH),and Sonic Hedgehog(SHH).Proteins of the HH family are distinguished by their function as morphogens,i.e.,molecules that regulate the pattern of tissue developmen...The Hedgehog(HH)family includes Indian(IHH),Desert(DHH),and Sonic Hedgehog(SHH).Proteins of the HH family are distinguished by their function as morphogens,i.e.,molecules that regulate the pattern of tissue development in accordance with concentration gradient.Data accumulated over the years clearly demonstrate that HH signaling is essential in myelination,particularly in the life cycle of the oligodendrocyte lineage.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system characterized by multifocal lesions where inflammation,demyelination,and neurodegeneration occur(Jakimovski et al.,2024).MS diagnosis primarily...Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system characterized by multifocal lesions where inflammation,demyelination,and neurodegeneration occur(Jakimovski et al.,2024).MS diagnosis primarily relies on the demonstration of dissemination in time and space of the lesions based on clinical,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and cerebrospinal fluid assessments(Jakimovski et al.,2024).展开更多
文摘Myelination in the central nervous system(CNS)is a highly intricate process,exclusive to vertebrates,that relies on the coordinated interaction between oligodendrocytes(OLs)and neurons.In addition to their role in forming myelin,accumulating evidence indicates that OLs provide crucial trophic support to axons,contributing to normal CNS function.Notably,OL injury and loss are observed in a variety of human conditions,including stroke,traumatic injuries of the brain and spinal cord,as well as neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis(MS).
文摘Loss of immune tolerance to central nervous system(CNS)antigens lies at the heart of multiple sclerosis(MS),the most common chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS.MS affects nearly2 million people wo rldwide and is chara cterized by focal areas of demyelination,inflammation,axonal injury,and neurodegeneration(Bronge et al.,2022;Magliozzi et al.,2023).
文摘Active inflammation in“inactive”progressive multiple sclerosis:Traditionally,the distinction between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and progressive multiple sclerosis(PMS)has been framed as an inflammatory versus degenerative dichotomy.This was based on a broad misconception regarding essentially all neurodegenerative conditions,depicting the degenerative process as passive and immune-independent occurring as a late byproduct of active inflammation in the central nervous system(CNS),which is(solely)systemically driven.
基金support held by JPA,Collaborative Network Award BRAVEinMS,Grant/Award Number:PA-1604-08492(MG)from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada,Grant/Award Number:1038154(to TEK).
文摘Myelin,made by oligodendrocytes(OLs)in the central nervous system(CNS),is essential for neural transmission.In particular,myelin facilitates communication across the long connections between different brain regions that form the white matter.Myelinated segments also provide metabolic intermediates to axons,supporting their demanding energetic needs.Genetic disorders that disrupt myelin formation result in progressive neurologic degeneration.
基金Spanish government(PID2022-143110OB-IOO)Merck Foundation(20234599)grants(to FdeCS)Univesidad Camilo Jose Cela(CEIDI_VI_08_06_XI_EMYDEM)grant(to MMF)。
文摘The Hedgehog(HH)family includes Indian(IHH),Desert(DHH),and Sonic Hedgehog(SHH).Proteins of the HH family are distinguished by their function as morphogens,i.e.,molecules that regulate the pattern of tissue development in accordance with concentration gradient.Data accumulated over the years clearly demonstrate that HH signaling is essential in myelination,particularly in the life cycle of the oligodendrocyte lineage.
基金supported by Italian Ministry for Health(RF-2011-02349698,RF-2018-12367731)(to CF).
文摘Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system characterized by multifocal lesions where inflammation,demyelination,and neurodegeneration occur(Jakimovski et al.,2024).MS diagnosis primarily relies on the demonstration of dissemination in time and space of the lesions based on clinical,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and cerebrospinal fluid assessments(Jakimovski et al.,2024).
