This narrative review examines the use of imaging biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring hydrocephalus from birth through childhood.Early detection and longitudinal follow-up are essential for guiding timely interve...This narrative review examines the use of imaging biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring hydrocephalus from birth through childhood.Early detection and longitudinal follow-up are essential for guiding timely interventions and asse-ssing treatment outcomes.Cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are the primary imaging modalities,providing critical insights into ventri-cular size,cerebrospinal fluid dynamics,and neurodevelopmental implications.Key parameters,including Evans’index,Levene’s index,and the Cella Media index,as well as volumetric and diffusion-based MRI techniques,have been explored for their diagnostic and prognostic value.Advances in automated image analysis and artificial intelligence have further improved measurement precision and reproducibility.Despite these developments,challenges remain in standar-dizing imaging protocols and establishing normative reference values across different pediatric populations.This review highlights the strengths and limita-tions of current imaging approaches,emphasizing the need for consistent metho-dologies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient management in hydrocephalus.展开更多
A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiolog...A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hydrocephalus,one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide.In this review,we first outline the basic concepts and incidence of hydrocephalus along with the limitations of existing treatments for this condition.Then,we outline the definition,classification,and biological role of non-coding RNAs.Subsequently,we analyze the roles of non-coding RNAs in the formation of hydrocephalus in detail.Specifically,we have focused on the potential significance of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus,including glymphatic pathways,neuroinflammatory processes,and neurological dysplasia,on the basis of the existing evidence.Lastly,we review the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of hydrocephalus and for the creation of innovative treatments.展开更多
文摘目的对比脑出血后并发交通性脑积水患者应用腰大池-腹腔分流术(lumbo-peritoneal shunt,LPS)与脑室-腹腔分流术(ventricular-peritoneal shunt,VPS)的疗效与并发症。方法回顾性分析80例脑出血后并发交通性脑积水患者资料,按手术方法不同分为LPS组(n=36,接受LPS治疗)和VPS组(n=44例,接受VPS治疗),比较两组一次性成功率,围手术期指标(手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间),并发症情况,术前和术后1周红细胞分布宽度(red blood cell distribution width,RDW)、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)变化,术前、术后6个月格拉斯哥昏迷评分(glasgow coma scale,GCS)和伊文思指数(evans index,EI)评分变化及病情转归情况。结果一次性手术成功率:LPS组为91.67%,VPS组为72.73%;LPS组显著高于VPS组(P<0.05)。与VPS组比较,LPS组手术时间显著缩短,术中出血量显著减少(均P<0.05),而两组住院时间差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。并发症总发生率:LPS组为8.33%,VPS组为27.27%;LPS组显著低于VPS组(P<0.05)。与术前比较,术后1周两组RDW、FIB均显著降低,且LPS组显著低于VPS组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与术前比较,术后随访6个月两组GCS显著升高,EI显著降低(均P<0.05);与VPS组比较,LPS组GCS、EI评分及临床显著改善率的差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);而两组术后影像显著改善率差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论与VPS比较,LPS治疗脑出血并发交通性脑积水手术难度较低,一次性成功率较高,并发症少,更有利于患者术后恢复。
文摘This narrative review examines the use of imaging biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring hydrocephalus from birth through childhood.Early detection and longitudinal follow-up are essential for guiding timely interventions and asse-ssing treatment outcomes.Cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are the primary imaging modalities,providing critical insights into ventri-cular size,cerebrospinal fluid dynamics,and neurodevelopmental implications.Key parameters,including Evans’index,Levene’s index,and the Cella Media index,as well as volumetric and diffusion-based MRI techniques,have been explored for their diagnostic and prognostic value.Advances in automated image analysis and artificial intelligence have further improved measurement precision and reproducibility.Despite these developments,challenges remain in standar-dizing imaging protocols and establishing normative reference values across different pediatric populations.This review highlights the strengths and limita-tions of current imaging approaches,emphasizing the need for consistent metho-dologies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient management in hydrocephalus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171347,82371362the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2022JJ30971the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission of China,No.202204040024(all to GX).
文摘A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hydrocephalus,one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide.In this review,we first outline the basic concepts and incidence of hydrocephalus along with the limitations of existing treatments for this condition.Then,we outline the definition,classification,and biological role of non-coding RNAs.Subsequently,we analyze the roles of non-coding RNAs in the formation of hydrocephalus in detail.Specifically,we have focused on the potential significance of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus,including glymphatic pathways,neuroinflammatory processes,and neurological dysplasia,on the basis of the existing evidence.Lastly,we review the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of hydrocephalus and for the creation of innovative treatments.
