Extreme heat events contribute to high mortality[1,2]and overwhelm emergency medical services through increased ambulance calls and overcrowded emergency departments.[3]Because morbidity and mortality are directly rel...Extreme heat events contribute to high mortality[1,2]and overwhelm emergency medical services through increased ambulance calls and overcrowded emergency departments.[3]Because morbidity and mortality are directly related to both the degree and duration of hyperthermia,timely recognition and management of heat exhaustion and heat stroke are critical for preventing death and reducing healthcare burdens.展开更多
Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmenta...Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmental acclimatization(slow ascent and/or pre-acclimatization)or pharmacological support of acclimatization using acetazolamide.However,these strategies are not practical for high-altitude exposures that require rapid and unplanned ascent,high physical and mental performance,such as rescue missions or military operations.Dexamethasone and other modulators of the glucocorticoid system take effect quickly and are effective alternatives for preventing acute altitude illnesses when rapidly ascending to high altitudes.As the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing acute mountain illnesses remains controversial,a review of existing studies on the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness was conducted,aiming to determine the best strategy.Possible mechanisms of protection against acute altitude illnesses are discussed based on the results of clinical trials.The data indicate that dexamethasone is most effective at altitudes above 4000 m at doses of 8–16 mg/d.Appropriately designed and powered trials are needed to obtain more evidence-based results on the dosage and timing of dexamethasone administration,and to provide optimized recommendations for the application of this powerful pharmacological tool.展开更多
中暑是一种危及生命的疾病,其特征是核心体温升高(>40℃)和中枢神经系统功能障碍如谵妄、抽搐或昏迷[1]。典型的神经系统并发症表现为小脑性共济失调、认知障碍、吞咽困难和失语症[2]。大约20%的中暑患者会出现神经系统后遗症,其中...中暑是一种危及生命的疾病,其特征是核心体温升高(>40℃)和中枢神经系统功能障碍如谵妄、抽搐或昏迷[1]。典型的神经系统并发症表现为小脑性共济失调、认知障碍、吞咽困难和失语症[2]。大约20%的中暑患者会出现神经系统后遗症,其中小脑损伤最为常见[2-3]。目前,有关中暑导致的下运动神经元综合征(lower motor neuron syndrome,LMNS)相关研究较为有限。本研究报告1例由中暑引起的LMNS,并结合文献进行复习。展开更多
文摘Extreme heat events contribute to high mortality[1,2]and overwhelm emergency medical services through increased ambulance calls and overcrowded emergency departments.[3]Because morbidity and mortality are directly related to both the degree and duration of hyperthermia,timely recognition and management of heat exhaustion and heat stroke are critical for preventing death and reducing healthcare burdens.
文摘Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmental acclimatization(slow ascent and/or pre-acclimatization)or pharmacological support of acclimatization using acetazolamide.However,these strategies are not practical for high-altitude exposures that require rapid and unplanned ascent,high physical and mental performance,such as rescue missions or military operations.Dexamethasone and other modulators of the glucocorticoid system take effect quickly and are effective alternatives for preventing acute altitude illnesses when rapidly ascending to high altitudes.As the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing acute mountain illnesses remains controversial,a review of existing studies on the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness was conducted,aiming to determine the best strategy.Possible mechanisms of protection against acute altitude illnesses are discussed based on the results of clinical trials.The data indicate that dexamethasone is most effective at altitudes above 4000 m at doses of 8–16 mg/d.Appropriately designed and powered trials are needed to obtain more evidence-based results on the dosage and timing of dexamethasone administration,and to provide optimized recommendations for the application of this powerful pharmacological tool.
文摘中暑是一种危及生命的疾病,其特征是核心体温升高(>40℃)和中枢神经系统功能障碍如谵妄、抽搐或昏迷[1]。典型的神经系统并发症表现为小脑性共济失调、认知障碍、吞咽困难和失语症[2]。大约20%的中暑患者会出现神经系统后遗症,其中小脑损伤最为常见[2-3]。目前,有关中暑导致的下运动神经元综合征(lower motor neuron syndrome,LMNS)相关研究较为有限。本研究报告1例由中暑引起的LMNS,并结合文献进行复习。
