目的了解宁波市不同免疫策略时期流行性腮腺炎(流腮)的流行特征,为加强免疫策略提供参考依据。方法将宁波市流腮防制分成扩大免疫规划(expanded programme on immunization,EPI)前期(2005—2007年)、1剂次麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗(meals,mu...目的了解宁波市不同免疫策略时期流行性腮腺炎(流腮)的流行特征,为加强免疫策略提供参考依据。方法将宁波市流腮防制分成扩大免疫规划(expanded programme on immunization,EPI)前期(2005—2007年)、1剂次麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗(meals,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MMR)免疫策略时期(2008—2018年)及2剂次MMR免疫策略时期(2019—2023年),运用描述性流行病学方法对流行强度、地区、时间和人群分布等进行分析,比较3个时期的流腮发病特征。结果2005—2023年宁波市共报告流腮病例39696例,年均报告发病率为27.17/10万,3个时期流腮年均报告发病率分别为50.05/10万、30.40/10万、11.69/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7990.014,P<0.01)。EPI前期有2个发病小高峰,分别为4—6月和12月至次年1月;1剂次MMR免疫策略时期和2剂次MMR免疫策略时期发病高峰不明显。3个时期学生的发病构成比分别为59.83%、47.64%和41.90%;托幼儿童的发病构成比分别为22.98%、30.28%和38.37%。EPI前期发病年龄主要是5~<15岁;1剂次和2剂次MMR免疫策略时期发病年龄主要是0~<10岁。EPI前期和1剂次MMR免疫策略时期共报告流腮突发公共卫生事件26起,其中20起发生在小学,18起发生在3—6月,2剂次MMR免疫策略时期无流腮突发公共卫生事件报告。结论宁波市2剂次MMR免疫策略控制流腮成效显著,未来应关注重点场所和人群。展开更多
Sweet potatoes are significant cash crops,however,their yield and quality are greatly compromised by viral diseases.In this study,the complete genomic sequences of two Sweet Potato Virus 2(SPV2)isolates from infected ...Sweet potatoes are significant cash crops,however,their yield and quality are greatly compromised by viral diseases.In this study,the complete genomic sequences of two Sweet Potato Virus 2(SPV2)isolates from infected sweet potato leaves in the Shandong(designated as SPV2-SDYT,GenBank No.PQ855660.1)and Jiangsu(designated as SPV2-JSXZ,GenBank No.PQ855661.1)provinces in China were obtained using 5′RACE and RT-PCR amplification.Consistency,phylogeny,codon usage bias,recombination,and selection pressure analyses were conducted using the SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ genome sequences.The complete genome sequences of SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ were 10561 nucleotides(nt)in length,with respective nucleotide and amino acid identities of 99.25%and 99.12%,respectively.Both isolates were closely related to the SPV2 isolate from China(SPV2-LN).In both SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ,the identity of the P1 protein was the highest,whereas that of the P3 protein was the lowest.There were 26 codons with relatively synonymous codon usage(RSCU)values greater than 1 in SPV2-SDYT and 27 codons with RSCU values greater than 1 in SPV2-JSXZ.High-frequency codons in their genomes were predominantly found to end with A/U.Recombination analysis revealed no major recombination sites in either SPV2-SDYT or SPV2-JSXZ.Further selection pressure analysis showed that the non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate(dN/dS)value of all 10 SPV2 proteins was less than 1.This is the first report on the evolutionary relationships of the 17 known SPV2 isolates.Our findings lay the molecular groundwork for preventing and controlling SPV2 infection in root-tuber crops.These findings also contribute to our understanding of the spread and evolution of SPV2,its pathogenic mechanisms,and the development of antiviral strategies against it.展开更多
文摘目的了解宁波市不同免疫策略时期流行性腮腺炎(流腮)的流行特征,为加强免疫策略提供参考依据。方法将宁波市流腮防制分成扩大免疫规划(expanded programme on immunization,EPI)前期(2005—2007年)、1剂次麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗(meals,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MMR)免疫策略时期(2008—2018年)及2剂次MMR免疫策略时期(2019—2023年),运用描述性流行病学方法对流行强度、地区、时间和人群分布等进行分析,比较3个时期的流腮发病特征。结果2005—2023年宁波市共报告流腮病例39696例,年均报告发病率为27.17/10万,3个时期流腮年均报告发病率分别为50.05/10万、30.40/10万、11.69/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7990.014,P<0.01)。EPI前期有2个发病小高峰,分别为4—6月和12月至次年1月;1剂次MMR免疫策略时期和2剂次MMR免疫策略时期发病高峰不明显。3个时期学生的发病构成比分别为59.83%、47.64%和41.90%;托幼儿童的发病构成比分别为22.98%、30.28%和38.37%。EPI前期发病年龄主要是5~<15岁;1剂次和2剂次MMR免疫策略时期发病年龄主要是0~<10岁。EPI前期和1剂次MMR免疫策略时期共报告流腮突发公共卫生事件26起,其中20起发生在小学,18起发生在3—6月,2剂次MMR免疫策略时期无流腮突发公共卫生事件报告。结论宁波市2剂次MMR免疫策略控制流腮成效显著,未来应关注重点场所和人群。
基金Funding Statement:This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100132)Shandong Province Natural Sciences Foundation of China(ZR2021QC008)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Team Program'in College of Shandong Province of China(2022KJ119)supported by Young Talent of Lifting Engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QT085).
文摘Sweet potatoes are significant cash crops,however,their yield and quality are greatly compromised by viral diseases.In this study,the complete genomic sequences of two Sweet Potato Virus 2(SPV2)isolates from infected sweet potato leaves in the Shandong(designated as SPV2-SDYT,GenBank No.PQ855660.1)and Jiangsu(designated as SPV2-JSXZ,GenBank No.PQ855661.1)provinces in China were obtained using 5′RACE and RT-PCR amplification.Consistency,phylogeny,codon usage bias,recombination,and selection pressure analyses were conducted using the SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ genome sequences.The complete genome sequences of SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ were 10561 nucleotides(nt)in length,with respective nucleotide and amino acid identities of 99.25%and 99.12%,respectively.Both isolates were closely related to the SPV2 isolate from China(SPV2-LN).In both SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ,the identity of the P1 protein was the highest,whereas that of the P3 protein was the lowest.There were 26 codons with relatively synonymous codon usage(RSCU)values greater than 1 in SPV2-SDYT and 27 codons with RSCU values greater than 1 in SPV2-JSXZ.High-frequency codons in their genomes were predominantly found to end with A/U.Recombination analysis revealed no major recombination sites in either SPV2-SDYT or SPV2-JSXZ.Further selection pressure analysis showed that the non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate(dN/dS)value of all 10 SPV2 proteins was less than 1.This is the first report on the evolutionary relationships of the 17 known SPV2 isolates.Our findings lay the molecular groundwork for preventing and controlling SPV2 infection in root-tuber crops.These findings also contribute to our understanding of the spread and evolution of SPV2,its pathogenic mechanisms,and the development of antiviral strategies against it.
