The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR...The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.展开更多
目的评价原型株SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠后对Delta株病毒的体液及细胞免疫效果,为现有疫苗对变异株的保护效果评价以及研发更加安全有效的疫苗提供参考。方法将SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗经腹腔免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠2次,间隔14 d,以免疫...目的评价原型株SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠后对Delta株病毒的体液及细胞免疫效果,为现有疫苗对变异株的保护效果评价以及研发更加安全有效的疫苗提供参考。方法将SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗经腹腔免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠2次,间隔14 d,以免疫PBS作为对照,每组10只。初次免疫后第7、14、21、28、35和42天采集血清,间接ELISA法检测血清中针对Delta株病毒S和N蛋白的结合抗体效价,微量中和试验检测针对Delta株病毒的中和抗体效价。初次免疫后第42天,取小鼠脾脏,进行Elispot检测,评价细胞免疫水平。结果初次免疫后第7天即可检测到S蛋白结合抗体,加强免疫后抗体效价进一步升高,至第21天抗体几何平均滴度(geometric mean titer,GMT)为89144;而初次免疫后N蛋白结合抗体水平较低,加强免疫后迅速升高,与S蛋白抗体水平相当。初次免疫后第7、14天小鼠中和抗体阳转数为4/10和8/10,加强免疫后全部小鼠抗体阳转,中和抗体GMT达391。初次免疫后第42天,疫苗组IFNγ和IL-2平均斑点数均显著高于对照组(t分别为8.094和13.08,P均<0.0001)。结论SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗2次免疫能够有效刺激小鼠产生针对Delta株病毒的体液免疫和细胞免疫。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82573571)the Shanghai 2025 Basic Research Plan Natural Science Foundation(25ZR1401393)the First Batch of Open Topics of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices(2025QN13)。
文摘The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.
文摘目的评价原型株SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠后对Delta株病毒的体液及细胞免疫效果,为现有疫苗对变异株的保护效果评价以及研发更加安全有效的疫苗提供参考。方法将SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗经腹腔免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠2次,间隔14 d,以免疫PBS作为对照,每组10只。初次免疫后第7、14、21、28、35和42天采集血清,间接ELISA法检测血清中针对Delta株病毒S和N蛋白的结合抗体效价,微量中和试验检测针对Delta株病毒的中和抗体效价。初次免疫后第42天,取小鼠脾脏,进行Elispot检测,评价细胞免疫水平。结果初次免疫后第7天即可检测到S蛋白结合抗体,加强免疫后抗体效价进一步升高,至第21天抗体几何平均滴度(geometric mean titer,GMT)为89144;而初次免疫后N蛋白结合抗体水平较低,加强免疫后迅速升高,与S蛋白抗体水平相当。初次免疫后第7、14天小鼠中和抗体阳转数为4/10和8/10,加强免疫后全部小鼠抗体阳转,中和抗体GMT达391。初次免疫后第42天,疫苗组IFNγ和IL-2平均斑点数均显著高于对照组(t分别为8.094和13.08,P均<0.0001)。结论SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗2次免疫能够有效刺激小鼠产生针对Delta株病毒的体液免疫和细胞免疫。
