目的探究超高海拔驻防军人情绪调节策略的群体特征及其在心理应激与睡眠障碍间的中介机制。方法采用横断面研究设计,于2024年12月至2025年4月在四川省甘孜藏族自治州(海拔3980~4200 m)的部队以便利抽样法纳入401名驻防军人。使用军人心...目的探究超高海拔驻防军人情绪调节策略的群体特征及其在心理应激与睡眠障碍间的中介机制。方法采用横断面研究设计,于2024年12月至2025年4月在四川省甘孜藏族自治州(海拔3980~4200 m)的部队以便利抽样法纳入401名驻防军人。使用军人心理应激自评问卷(psychological stress self-evaluation test for military personnel,PSET)、情绪调节问卷(emotion regulation questionnaire,ERQ)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)进行测评。采用结构方程模型检验情绪调节策略在心理应激与睡眠障碍之间的中介效应。结果超高海拔军人睡眠障碍发生率为20.2%,其中轻度睡眠障碍发生率为18.45%。睡眠障碍总分与表达抑制(r=0.23)、心理应激(r=0.53)呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。表达抑制在心理应激与睡眠障碍间起部分正向中介作用,中介效应占总效应的3.63%。结论超高海拔驻防军人情绪调节策略的使用频率随心理应激水平升高而增加;建议针对高应激群体开展替代表达抑制策略的心理训练,以改善其睡眠质量。展开更多
The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitte...The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in coordinating synapse formation,neuronal proliferation,and migration during this time.展开更多
Since the first electron micrograph of“lace-like structures”over 75 years ago,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is now viewed as a highly dynamic,constantly remodeling,continuous network of tubules and cisternae that pla...Since the first electron micrograph of“lace-like structures”over 75 years ago,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is now viewed as a highly dynamic,constantly remodeling,continuous network of tubules and cisternae that plays an important role in a broad range of cellular activities from calcium regulation to protein synthesis and trafficking.In neurons,the ER extends from the soma through the axon to presynaptic terminals,and throughout the dendritic arbor into as many as half of all postsynaptic dendritic spines at any given time(Falahati et al.,2022).展开更多
The number and diversity of inhibitory neurons(INs)increased substantially during mammalian brain evolution.However,the generative mechanisms of the vast repertoire of human INs remain elusive.We performed spatial and...The number and diversity of inhibitory neurons(INs)increased substantially during mammalian brain evolution.However,the generative mechanisms of the vast repertoire of human INs remain elusive.We performed spatial and single-cell transcriptomics of human medial ganglionic eminence(hMGE),a pivotal source of cortical and subpallial INs,and built the trajectories of hMGE-derived cells during brain development.We identified spatiotemporally and molecularly segregated progenitor cell populations fated to produce distinct IN types.展开更多
Dendritic spines are small protrusions along dendrites that contain most of the excitatory synapses in principal neurons,playing a crucial role in neuronal function by creating a compartmentalized environment for sign...Dendritic spines are small protrusions along dendrites that contain most of the excitatory synapses in principal neurons,playing a crucial role in neuronal function by creating a compartmentalized environment for signal transduction.The plasticity of spine morphologies provides a tunable handle to regulate calcium signal dynamics,allowing rapid regulation of protein expression necessary to establish and maintain synapses(Cornejo et al.,2022).If excitatory inputs were to be located primarily on dendritic shafts,dendrites would frequently short-circuit,preventing voltage signals from propagating(Cornejo et al.,2022).It is thus not surprising that the structural plasticity of dendritic spines is closely linked to synaptic plasticity and memory formation(Berry and Nedivi,2017).While comprehensive in vitro studies have been conducted,in vivo studies that directly tackle the mechanism of dendritic transport and translation in regulating spine plasticity spatiotemporally are limited.展开更多
The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the cent...The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.展开更多
The capacity of the central nervous system for structural plasticity and regeneration is commonly believed to show a decreasing progression from“small and simple”brains to the larger,more complex brains of mammals.H...The capacity of the central nervous system for structural plasticity and regeneration is commonly believed to show a decreasing progression from“small and simple”brains to the larger,more complex brains of mammals.However,recent findings revealed that some forms of neural plasticity can show a reverse trend.Although plasticity is a well-preserved,transversal feature across the animal world,a variety of cell populations and mechanisms seem to have evolved to enable structural modifications to take place in widely different brains,likely as adaptations to selective pressures.Increasing evidence now indicates that a trade-off has occurred between regenerative(mostly stem cell–driven)plasticity and developmental(mostly juvenile)remodeling,with the latter primarily aimed not at brain repair but rather at“sculpting”the neural circuits based on experience.In particular,an evolutionary trade-off has occurred between neurogenic processes intended to support the possibility of recruiting new neurons throughout life and the different ways of obtaining new neurons,and between the different brain locations in which plasticity occurs.This review first briefly surveys the different types of plasticity and the complexity of their possible outcomes and then focuses on recent findings showing that the mammalian brain has a stem cell–independent integration of new neurons into pre-existing(mature)neural circuits.This process is still largely unknown but involves neuronal cells that have been blocked in arrested maturation since their embryonic origin(also termed“immature”or“dormant”neurons).These cells can then restart maturation throughout the animal's lifespan to become functional neurons in brain regions,such as the cerebral cortex and amygdala,that are relevant to high-order cognition and emotions.Unlike stem cell–driven postnatal/adult neurogenesis,which significantly decreases from small-brained,short-living species to large-brained ones,immature neurons are particularly abundant in large-brained,long-living mammals,including humans.The immature neural cell populations hosted in these complex brains are an interesting example of an“enlarged road”in the phylogenetic trend of plastic potential decreases commonly observed in the animal world.The topic of dormant neurons that covary with brain size and gyrencephaly represents a prospective turning point in the field of neuroplasticity,with important translational outcomes.These cells can represent a reservoir of undifferentiated neurons,potentially granting plasticity within the high-order circuits subserving the most sophisticated cognitive skills that are important in the growing brains of young,healthy individuals and are frequently affected by debilitating neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders.展开更多
食欲素的发现被誉为神经科学领域的一座里程碑。1998年,美国德克萨斯大学的Masashi Yanagisawa团队在筛选G蛋白偶联受体的内源性配体时,发现了一种新型神经肽。他们观察到,编码这些神经肽前体的mRNA选择性表达在外侧下丘脑及附近区域。...食欲素的发现被誉为神经科学领域的一座里程碑。1998年,美国德克萨斯大学的Masashi Yanagisawa团队在筛选G蛋白偶联受体的内源性配体时,发现了一种新型神经肽。他们观察到,编码这些神经肽前体的mRNA选择性表达在外侧下丘脑及附近区域。通过中枢给药实验,该团队证实这些神经肽能够促进大鼠进食行为,因此将其命名为“orexin”[食欲素,词源为希腊语“ὄρεξις”(órexis),意指“渴望”或“希求”]。几乎与此同时,位于加州的斯克利普斯研究所的Luis de Lecea团队在独立研究大鼠下丘脑特异性表达mRNA时,发现一个mRNA克隆编码两个紧密相关肽段的前体蛋白。这两个肽段的部分氨基序列和促胰岛素激素(incretin)的部分氨基酸序列具有同源性,鉴于其在下丘脑(hypothalamus)中的特异性分布,研究团队将其命名为“hypocretin”(下丘脑泌素)。后续的研究证实,这两种命名实际上指向同一物质,标志着食欲素/下丘脑泌素研究新纪元的正式开启。展开更多
文摘目的探究超高海拔驻防军人情绪调节策略的群体特征及其在心理应激与睡眠障碍间的中介机制。方法采用横断面研究设计,于2024年12月至2025年4月在四川省甘孜藏族自治州(海拔3980~4200 m)的部队以便利抽样法纳入401名驻防军人。使用军人心理应激自评问卷(psychological stress self-evaluation test for military personnel,PSET)、情绪调节问卷(emotion regulation questionnaire,ERQ)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)进行测评。采用结构方程模型检验情绪调节策略在心理应激与睡眠障碍之间的中介效应。结果超高海拔军人睡眠障碍发生率为20.2%,其中轻度睡眠障碍发生率为18.45%。睡眠障碍总分与表达抑制(r=0.23)、心理应激(r=0.53)呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。表达抑制在心理应激与睡眠障碍间起部分正向中介作用,中介效应占总效应的3.63%。结论超高海拔驻防军人情绪调节策略的使用频率随心理应激水平升高而增加;建议针对高应激群体开展替代表达抑制策略的心理训练,以改善其睡眠质量。
基金supported by the Center for Cognition and Sociality,Institute for Basic Science(IBS)(IBS-R001-D2)(to WK).
文摘The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in coordinating synapse formation,neuronal proliferation,and migration during this time.
基金supported by AHA Career Development Award 938683 (to PJD)NIH grant R01MH123700 (to MLD)
文摘Since the first electron micrograph of“lace-like structures”over 75 years ago,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is now viewed as a highly dynamic,constantly remodeling,continuous network of tubules and cisternae that plays an important role in a broad range of cellular activities from calcium regulation to protein synthesis and trafficking.In neurons,the ER extends from the soma through the axon to presynaptic terminals,and throughout the dendritic arbor into as many as half of all postsynaptic dendritic spines at any given time(Falahati et al.,2022).
文摘The number and diversity of inhibitory neurons(INs)increased substantially during mammalian brain evolution.However,the generative mechanisms of the vast repertoire of human INs remain elusive.We performed spatial and single-cell transcriptomics of human medial ganglionic eminence(hMGE),a pivotal source of cortical and subpallial INs,and built the trajectories of hMGE-derived cells during brain development.We identified spatiotemporally and molecularly segregated progenitor cell populations fated to produce distinct IN types.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC/RGC/JRF N_HKU735/21)Research Grant Council of Hong Kong,China(17102120,17108821,17103922,C1024-22GF,C7074-21G)+1 种基金Health and Medical Research Fund(HMRF 09200966)(to CSWL)FRQS Postdoctoral Fellowship(to AHKF).
文摘Dendritic spines are small protrusions along dendrites that contain most of the excitatory synapses in principal neurons,playing a crucial role in neuronal function by creating a compartmentalized environment for signal transduction.The plasticity of spine morphologies provides a tunable handle to regulate calcium signal dynamics,allowing rapid regulation of protein expression necessary to establish and maintain synapses(Cornejo et al.,2022).If excitatory inputs were to be located primarily on dendritic shafts,dendrites would frequently short-circuit,preventing voltage signals from propagating(Cornejo et al.,2022).It is thus not surprising that the structural plasticity of dendritic spines is closely linked to synaptic plasticity and memory formation(Berry and Nedivi,2017).While comprehensive in vitro studies have been conducted,in vivo studies that directly tackle the mechanism of dendritic transport and translation in regulating spine plasticity spatiotemporally are limited.
基金supported by the Wellcome Trust(grant No.103852).
文摘The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.
基金supported by Progetto Trapezio,Compagnia di San Paolo(67935-2021.2174),to LBFondazione CRT(Cassa di Risparmio di Torino,RF=2022.0618),to LBPRIN2022(grant 2022LB4X3N),to LB。
文摘The capacity of the central nervous system for structural plasticity and regeneration is commonly believed to show a decreasing progression from“small and simple”brains to the larger,more complex brains of mammals.However,recent findings revealed that some forms of neural plasticity can show a reverse trend.Although plasticity is a well-preserved,transversal feature across the animal world,a variety of cell populations and mechanisms seem to have evolved to enable structural modifications to take place in widely different brains,likely as adaptations to selective pressures.Increasing evidence now indicates that a trade-off has occurred between regenerative(mostly stem cell–driven)plasticity and developmental(mostly juvenile)remodeling,with the latter primarily aimed not at brain repair but rather at“sculpting”the neural circuits based on experience.In particular,an evolutionary trade-off has occurred between neurogenic processes intended to support the possibility of recruiting new neurons throughout life and the different ways of obtaining new neurons,and between the different brain locations in which plasticity occurs.This review first briefly surveys the different types of plasticity and the complexity of their possible outcomes and then focuses on recent findings showing that the mammalian brain has a stem cell–independent integration of new neurons into pre-existing(mature)neural circuits.This process is still largely unknown but involves neuronal cells that have been blocked in arrested maturation since their embryonic origin(also termed“immature”or“dormant”neurons).These cells can then restart maturation throughout the animal's lifespan to become functional neurons in brain regions,such as the cerebral cortex and amygdala,that are relevant to high-order cognition and emotions.Unlike stem cell–driven postnatal/adult neurogenesis,which significantly decreases from small-brained,short-living species to large-brained ones,immature neurons are particularly abundant in large-brained,long-living mammals,including humans.The immature neural cell populations hosted in these complex brains are an interesting example of an“enlarged road”in the phylogenetic trend of plastic potential decreases commonly observed in the animal world.The topic of dormant neurons that covary with brain size and gyrencephaly represents a prospective turning point in the field of neuroplasticity,with important translational outcomes.These cells can represent a reservoir of undifferentiated neurons,potentially granting plasticity within the high-order circuits subserving the most sophisticated cognitive skills that are important in the growing brains of young,healthy individuals and are frequently affected by debilitating neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders.
文摘食欲素的发现被誉为神经科学领域的一座里程碑。1998年,美国德克萨斯大学的Masashi Yanagisawa团队在筛选G蛋白偶联受体的内源性配体时,发现了一种新型神经肽。他们观察到,编码这些神经肽前体的mRNA选择性表达在外侧下丘脑及附近区域。通过中枢给药实验,该团队证实这些神经肽能够促进大鼠进食行为,因此将其命名为“orexin”[食欲素,词源为希腊语“ὄρεξις”(órexis),意指“渴望”或“希求”]。几乎与此同时,位于加州的斯克利普斯研究所的Luis de Lecea团队在独立研究大鼠下丘脑特异性表达mRNA时,发现一个mRNA克隆编码两个紧密相关肽段的前体蛋白。这两个肽段的部分氨基序列和促胰岛素激素(incretin)的部分氨基酸序列具有同源性,鉴于其在下丘脑(hypothalamus)中的特异性分布,研究团队将其命名为“hypocretin”(下丘脑泌素)。后续的研究证实,这两种命名实际上指向同一物质,标志着食欲素/下丘脑泌素研究新纪元的正式开启。
