Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,whi...Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,which were not well summarized.Here,we summarized these values in 9898 human breast milk samples of 6664 mothers from 50 countries in 81 studies.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science between January 1980 and October 2023.The 95%confidence interval of LA/ALA ratio across lactation and gestation ranged from 14.24 to 31.26.The LA content was higher in China and Turkey(>20%)whereas the ALA content was below 1%in Africa.The LA/ALA ratio in countries along the Mediterranean coast exceeded 20 or even 30.LA and ALA contents increased significantly(P<0.01)while the ratio remained stable over the last 40 years.Multivariate meta-regression results showed that regions significantly(P<0.01)determined the LA,ALA,and LA/ALA ratio.Especially,maternal diet could definitely explain the variation while the effects of gestational age,lactation period was not significant.Clinical trials demonstrated that decreasing the LA/ALA ratio increased docosahexaenoic acid(22:6 n-3,DHA)status,reduced arachidonic acid(20:4 n-6,AA)contents,exerted no effect on the visual function of infants,and reached no consensus on growth.The current review aims to provide an overview on the LA and ALA contents and their ratio in human breast milk to raise concern in infant formula.展开更多
目的调查我国北方地区三个城市产妇母血、脐带血及其后不同泌乳阶段母乳中维生素A(vitaminA,VA)含量,分析母乳中VA含量的变化趋势并探讨母血与脐带血以及与母乳中VA含量的相关性。方法在天津、长春、兰州三个北方城市招募健康足月产孕妇...目的调查我国北方地区三个城市产妇母血、脐带血及其后不同泌乳阶段母乳中维生素A(vitaminA,VA)含量,分析母乳中VA含量的变化趋势并探讨母血与脐带血以及与母乳中VA含量的相关性。方法在天津、长春、兰州三个北方城市招募健康足月产孕妇,收集其分娩时的静脉血(即母血)、脐带血以及其泌乳期的初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳,使用高效液相色谱仪对其中VA水平进行检测。结果三城市产妇产时母血、脐带血中的VA含量[中位数(P25,P75)]分别为310.45(243.19,389.60)μg/L、151.30(128.49,175.09)μg/L;初乳、过渡乳、成熟乳中的含量分别为695.97(509.92,854.90)μg/L、224.27(155.17,300.10)μg/L、100.75(63.50,162.00)μg/L,乳中的VA含量随泌乳期的延长而逐渐下降(P<0.05);产妇维生素A缺乏(vitamin A deficiency,VAD)的患病率为15.12%,仅在患有VAD的孕妇中发现初乳与母血中的VA含量存在正相关性(r=0.676,P=0.011)。结论母乳中VA含量随泌乳期延长而逐渐下降;当母体VA处于较低水平时,初乳中的VA含量随母血中VA的降低而降低;我国北方地区孕妇的VAD情况值得重视。展开更多
目的探讨哺乳期妇女膳食多样性与婴儿1月龄皮疹发生风险的关联。方法研究对象来自“关于母乳成分、喂养状况和婴儿健康的中国母婴队列研究(Phoenix研究小组)”。通过问卷调查获取乳母的社会人口学特征等信息;采用食物频率问卷(FFQ)和24...目的探讨哺乳期妇女膳食多样性与婴儿1月龄皮疹发生风险的关联。方法研究对象来自“关于母乳成分、喂养状况和婴儿健康的中国母婴队列研究(Phoenix研究小组)”。通过问卷调查获取乳母的社会人口学特征等信息;采用食物频率问卷(FFQ)和24h饮食日记调查膳食摄入情况;根据联合国粮农组织提出的育龄妇女最低膳食多样性(Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women,MDD-W)指南将所有食物条目分为10个食物组,各食物组得分数相加得到MDD-W评分;询问母乳喂养情况和1月龄的婴儿皮疹患病情况;采用Logistic回归模型分析乳母MDD-W评分与婴儿皮疹发生风险的关联,并通过分层分析探究全母乳喂养的潜在影响。结果本研究最终纳入694对母婴,其中221(31.8%)名婴儿患有皮疹,平均MDD-W评分为5.9±1.5分,≥5分者占82.9%。调整混杂因素后,以母亲MDD-W评分≥5分组为参照,<5分组的婴儿患皮疹的风险显著增加(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.27,3.02),且在非全母乳喂养组中关联更加显著(OR=3.01,95%CI:1.58,5.72)。结论我国哺乳期妇女膳食多样性水平较高,且乳母膳食多样性增加会降低婴儿患皮疹的风险。展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700).
文摘Both linoleic acid(18:2 n-6,LA)andα-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3,ALA)are essential fatty acids for infants.The contents of LA and ALA,and their ratio exhibited significant changes in human milk over the past 4 decades,which were not well summarized.Here,we summarized these values in 9898 human breast milk samples of 6664 mothers from 50 countries in 81 studies.A literature search was conducted using PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science between January 1980 and October 2023.The 95%confidence interval of LA/ALA ratio across lactation and gestation ranged from 14.24 to 31.26.The LA content was higher in China and Turkey(>20%)whereas the ALA content was below 1%in Africa.The LA/ALA ratio in countries along the Mediterranean coast exceeded 20 or even 30.LA and ALA contents increased significantly(P<0.01)while the ratio remained stable over the last 40 years.Multivariate meta-regression results showed that regions significantly(P<0.01)determined the LA,ALA,and LA/ALA ratio.Especially,maternal diet could definitely explain the variation while the effects of gestational age,lactation period was not significant.Clinical trials demonstrated that decreasing the LA/ALA ratio increased docosahexaenoic acid(22:6 n-3,DHA)status,reduced arachidonic acid(20:4 n-6,AA)contents,exerted no effect on the visual function of infants,and reached no consensus on growth.The current review aims to provide an overview on the LA and ALA contents and their ratio in human breast milk to raise concern in infant formula.
文摘目的调查我国北方地区三个城市产妇母血、脐带血及其后不同泌乳阶段母乳中维生素A(vitaminA,VA)含量,分析母乳中VA含量的变化趋势并探讨母血与脐带血以及与母乳中VA含量的相关性。方法在天津、长春、兰州三个北方城市招募健康足月产孕妇,收集其分娩时的静脉血(即母血)、脐带血以及其泌乳期的初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳,使用高效液相色谱仪对其中VA水平进行检测。结果三城市产妇产时母血、脐带血中的VA含量[中位数(P25,P75)]分别为310.45(243.19,389.60)μg/L、151.30(128.49,175.09)μg/L;初乳、过渡乳、成熟乳中的含量分别为695.97(509.92,854.90)μg/L、224.27(155.17,300.10)μg/L、100.75(63.50,162.00)μg/L,乳中的VA含量随泌乳期的延长而逐渐下降(P<0.05);产妇维生素A缺乏(vitamin A deficiency,VAD)的患病率为15.12%,仅在患有VAD的孕妇中发现初乳与母血中的VA含量存在正相关性(r=0.676,P=0.011)。结论母乳中VA含量随泌乳期延长而逐渐下降;当母体VA处于较低水平时,初乳中的VA含量随母血中VA的降低而降低;我国北方地区孕妇的VAD情况值得重视。
文摘目的探讨哺乳期妇女膳食多样性与婴儿1月龄皮疹发生风险的关联。方法研究对象来自“关于母乳成分、喂养状况和婴儿健康的中国母婴队列研究(Phoenix研究小组)”。通过问卷调查获取乳母的社会人口学特征等信息;采用食物频率问卷(FFQ)和24h饮食日记调查膳食摄入情况;根据联合国粮农组织提出的育龄妇女最低膳食多样性(Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women,MDD-W)指南将所有食物条目分为10个食物组,各食物组得分数相加得到MDD-W评分;询问母乳喂养情况和1月龄的婴儿皮疹患病情况;采用Logistic回归模型分析乳母MDD-W评分与婴儿皮疹发生风险的关联,并通过分层分析探究全母乳喂养的潜在影响。结果本研究最终纳入694对母婴,其中221(31.8%)名婴儿患有皮疹,平均MDD-W评分为5.9±1.5分,≥5分者占82.9%。调整混杂因素后,以母亲MDD-W评分≥5分组为参照,<5分组的婴儿患皮疹的风险显著增加(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.27,3.02),且在非全母乳喂养组中关联更加显著(OR=3.01,95%CI:1.58,5.72)。结论我国哺乳期妇女膳食多样性水平较高,且乳母膳食多样性增加会降低婴儿患皮疹的风险。
