目的估算2019年北京市五环内因环境噪声导致的疾病负担及其空间分布特征。方法基于北京市五环内噪声地图模拟数据及分年龄段人口数据,采用世界卫生组织系统综述中的暴露-反应关系,利用伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DA...目的估算2019年北京市五环内因环境噪声导致的疾病负担及其空间分布特征。方法基于北京市五环内噪声地图模拟数据及分年龄段人口数据,采用世界卫生组织系统综述中的暴露-反应关系,利用伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)这一指标评估环境噪声造成的烦恼、睡眠障碍及缺血性心脏病的疾病负担,并探讨其空间分布趋势。结果2019年北京市五环内因环境噪声所致总DALY为629.1万人年,其中,寿命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)和健康寿命损失年(years lived with disability,YLD)分别为5.3和623.8万人年。环境噪声造成的烦恼疾病负担为291.2万人年,睡眠障碍疾病负担为303.3万人年,缺血性心脏病的疾病负担为34.6万人年。空间分布显示城市中心疾病负担明显高于四周,且与道路交通干线和人口密度分布相对一致。此外,对缺血性心脏病进行年龄分层分析发现,随着年龄的增长,噪声所致健康损害逐渐增加。结论北京市五环内环境噪声导致了较重的疾病负担,主要集中在城市中心和交通干线附近。未来噪声防治应加强对噪声污染的控制措施,特别是针对高风险区域和人群。展开更多
目的评估家庭环境改造对预防老年人跌倒的有效性。方法计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、EBSCO中有关家庭环境改造预防和减少老年人跌倒的随机对照试验,检索时限为2000年1月—2024年...目的评估家庭环境改造对预防老年人跌倒的有效性。方法计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、EBSCO中有关家庭环境改造预防和减少老年人跌倒的随机对照试验,检索时限为2000年1月—2024年8月。采用RevMan5.4软件进行数据分析。结果共纳入15篇随机对照研究,共6154例老年人,其中试验组(接受家庭环境改造)2546例、对照组(未接受任何环境干预)3608例。Meta分析结果显示,试验组老年人跌倒率(RR=0.78,95%CI:0.68~0.90,P=0.0008)、反复性跌倒发生率(RR=0.76,95%CI:0.58~1.00,P=0.05)、跌倒致伤发生率(RR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.83,P=0.0003)较对照组低。结论家庭环境改造可降低老年人的跌倒率、反复性跌倒和跌倒致伤的发生率。展开更多
Arsenic-related oxidative stress and resultant diseases have attracted global concern,while longitudinal studies are scarce.To assess the relationship between arsenic exposure and systemic oxidative damage,we performe...Arsenic-related oxidative stress and resultant diseases have attracted global concern,while longitudinal studies are scarce.To assess the relationship between arsenic exposure and systemic oxidative damage,we performed two repeatedmeasures among 5236 observations(4067 participants)in theWuhan-Zhuhai cohort at the baseline and follow-up after 3 years.Urinary total arsenic,biomarkers of DNA oxidative damage(8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)),lipid peroxidation(8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha(8-isoPGF2α)),and protein oxidative damage(protein carbonyls(PCO))were detected for all observations.Here we used linearmixed models to estimate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between arsenic exposure and oxidative damage.Exposure-response curves were constructed by utilizing the generalized additive mixed models with thin plate regressions.After adjusting for potential confounders,arsenic level was significantly and positively related to the levels of global oxidative damage and their annual increased rates in dose-response manners.In cross-sectional analyses,each 1%increase in arsenic levelwas associated with a 0.406%(95%confidence interval(CI):0.379%to 0.433%),0.360%(0.301%to 0.420%),and 0.079%(0.055%to 0.103%)increase in 8-isoPGF2α,8-OHdG,and PCO,respectively.More importantly,arsenic was further found to be associated with increased annual change rates of 8-isoPGF2α(β:0.147;95%CI:0.130 to 0.164),8-OHdG(0.155;0.118 to 0.192),and PCO(0.050;0.035 to 0.064)in the longitudinal analyses.Our study suggested that arsenic exposurewas not only positively related with global oxidative damage to lipid,DNA,and protein in cross-sectional analyses,but also associated with annual increased rates of these biomarkers in dose-dependent manners.展开更多
文摘目的估算2019年北京市五环内因环境噪声导致的疾病负担及其空间分布特征。方法基于北京市五环内噪声地图模拟数据及分年龄段人口数据,采用世界卫生组织系统综述中的暴露-反应关系,利用伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)这一指标评估环境噪声造成的烦恼、睡眠障碍及缺血性心脏病的疾病负担,并探讨其空间分布趋势。结果2019年北京市五环内因环境噪声所致总DALY为629.1万人年,其中,寿命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)和健康寿命损失年(years lived with disability,YLD)分别为5.3和623.8万人年。环境噪声造成的烦恼疾病负担为291.2万人年,睡眠障碍疾病负担为303.3万人年,缺血性心脏病的疾病负担为34.6万人年。空间分布显示城市中心疾病负担明显高于四周,且与道路交通干线和人口密度分布相对一致。此外,对缺血性心脏病进行年龄分层分析发现,随着年龄的增长,噪声所致健康损害逐渐增加。结论北京市五环内环境噪声导致了较重的疾病负担,主要集中在城市中心和交通干线附近。未来噪声防治应加强对噪声污染的控制措施,特别是针对高风险区域和人群。
文摘目的评估家庭环境改造对预防老年人跌倒的有效性。方法计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、EBSCO中有关家庭环境改造预防和减少老年人跌倒的随机对照试验,检索时限为2000年1月—2024年8月。采用RevMan5.4软件进行数据分析。结果共纳入15篇随机对照研究,共6154例老年人,其中试验组(接受家庭环境改造)2546例、对照组(未接受任何环境干预)3608例。Meta分析结果显示,试验组老年人跌倒率(RR=0.78,95%CI:0.68~0.90,P=0.0008)、反复性跌倒发生率(RR=0.76,95%CI:0.58~1.00,P=0.05)、跌倒致伤发生率(RR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.83,P=0.0003)较对照组低。结论家庭环境改造可降低老年人的跌倒率、反复性跌倒和跌倒致伤的发生率。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82241088 and 82203996)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022T150230 and 2021M691131).
文摘Arsenic-related oxidative stress and resultant diseases have attracted global concern,while longitudinal studies are scarce.To assess the relationship between arsenic exposure and systemic oxidative damage,we performed two repeatedmeasures among 5236 observations(4067 participants)in theWuhan-Zhuhai cohort at the baseline and follow-up after 3 years.Urinary total arsenic,biomarkers of DNA oxidative damage(8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)),lipid peroxidation(8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha(8-isoPGF2α)),and protein oxidative damage(protein carbonyls(PCO))were detected for all observations.Here we used linearmixed models to estimate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between arsenic exposure and oxidative damage.Exposure-response curves were constructed by utilizing the generalized additive mixed models with thin plate regressions.After adjusting for potential confounders,arsenic level was significantly and positively related to the levels of global oxidative damage and their annual increased rates in dose-response manners.In cross-sectional analyses,each 1%increase in arsenic levelwas associated with a 0.406%(95%confidence interval(CI):0.379%to 0.433%),0.360%(0.301%to 0.420%),and 0.079%(0.055%to 0.103%)increase in 8-isoPGF2α,8-OHdG,and PCO,respectively.More importantly,arsenic was further found to be associated with increased annual change rates of 8-isoPGF2α(β:0.147;95%CI:0.130 to 0.164),8-OHdG(0.155;0.118 to 0.192),and PCO(0.050;0.035 to 0.064)in the longitudinal analyses.Our study suggested that arsenic exposurewas not only positively related with global oxidative damage to lipid,DNA,and protein in cross-sectional analyses,but also associated with annual increased rates of these biomarkers in dose-dependent manners.
