The interaction between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is central to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Obesity-related conditions like type 2 d...The interaction between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is central to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Obesity-related conditions like type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease exacerbate this relationship.Peripheral lipid accumulation,particularly in the liver,initiates a cascade of inflammatory processes that extend to the brain,influencing critical metabolic regulatory regions.Ceramide and palmitate,key lipid components,along with lipid transporters lipocalin-2 and apolipoprotein E,contribute to neuroinflammation by disrupting blood–brain barrier integrity and promoting gliosis.Peripheral insulin resistance further exacerbates brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation.Preclinical interventions targeting peripheral lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathways have shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation in animal models.However,translating these findings to clinical practice requires further investigation into human subjects.In conclusion,metabolic dysfunction,peripheral inflammation,and insulin resistance are integral to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Understanding these complex mechanisms holds potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
目的:观察基于补肾健脾法拟定的中药汤剂补肾健脾活血方对多囊卵巢综合征伴胰岛素抵抗(PCOS-IR)模型大鼠的干预作用,并从磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/核因子κB(PI3K/Akt/NF-κB)信号通路探讨其作用机制。方法:将30只雌性SD大鼠随机分...目的:观察基于补肾健脾法拟定的中药汤剂补肾健脾活血方对多囊卵巢综合征伴胰岛素抵抗(PCOS-IR)模型大鼠的干预作用,并从磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/核因子κB(PI3K/Akt/NF-κB)信号通路探讨其作用机制。方法:将30只雌性SD大鼠随机分为正常组6只和造模组24只,造模组采用高脂饮食联合来曲唑灌胃法构建PCOS-IR模型。造模组所有大鼠均造模成功,将造模成功的24只大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性药物组(二甲双胍,每日给药量0.195 g/kg)和补肾健脾活血方低剂量组(每日给药量14.3 g/kg)、高剂量组(每日给药量28.6 g/kg),每组6只。各治疗组大鼠每日灌胃给予相应药物,模型组与正常组大鼠每日灌胃给予等量生理盐水,均每日1次,连续14 d。末次给药结束后当天下午4时起各组大鼠禁食不禁水,第2日上午9时开始进行取材和指标检测。尾尖取血,使用血糖仪检测空腹血糖(FBG);眼眶静脉取血,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测空腹胰岛素(FINS),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);运用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察各组大鼠卵巢组织病理形态;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(q PCR)法检测各组大鼠卵巢组织PI3K、Akt、NF-кB抑制蛋白激酶(IKK)、NF-κB、NF-κB抑制因子(IκB)m RNA表达水平。结果:模型组大鼠FINS、FBG、HOMAIR水平均明显高于正常组(P<0.05,P<0.01);阳性药物组大鼠上述指标水平均明显低于模型组(P<0.05),补肾健脾活血方低、高剂量组大鼠FINS、HOMA-IR水平均显著低于模型组(P<0.01);阳性药物组大鼠FINS水平明显高于补肾健脾活血方低、高剂量组(P<0.05),FBG水平明显低于补肾健脾活血方低、高剂量组(P<0.05);上述各指标补肾健脾活血方低、高剂量组组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常组大鼠卵巢结构完整,可见各级发育卵泡及黄体;模型组大鼠卵巢组织呈典型PCOS-IR病理改变,即白膜增厚、皮质纤维化、囊状卵泡增多、黄体减少及闭锁卵泡增加;各给药组病理表现相似,均较模型组有不同程度改善,表现为囊状卵泡减少、闭锁卵泡减少,卵巢结构趋于恢复正常。模型组大鼠卵巢组织PI3K、Akt m RNA表达明显低于正常组(P<0.01),IKK、IκB、NF-κB m RNA表达明显高于正常组(P<0.05,P<0.01);补肾健脾活血方高剂量组大鼠上述指标较模型组均有明显改善(P<0.05,P<0.01),阳性药物组、补肾健脾活血方低剂量组Akt m RNA表达明显高于模型组(P<0.05);补肾健脾活血方高剂量组PI3K、Akt m RNA表达明显高于低剂量组和阳性药物组(P<0.05,P<0.01),IKK、NF-κB m RNA表达明显低于低剂量组和阳性药物组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:补肾健脾活血方能有效改善PCOS-IR大鼠的胰岛素抵抗及卵巢多囊样病变,其机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号并抑制IKK/NF-κB通路有关。展开更多
基金supported by a Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship (021229-00001) from Nanyang Technological University,Singapore (to JZ)a Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Dean’s Postdoctoral Fellowship (021207-00001) from NTU Singaporea Mistletoe Research Fellowship (022522-00001) from the Momental Foundaton,USA (to CHL)
文摘The interaction between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is central to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Obesity-related conditions like type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease exacerbate this relationship.Peripheral lipid accumulation,particularly in the liver,initiates a cascade of inflammatory processes that extend to the brain,influencing critical metabolic regulatory regions.Ceramide and palmitate,key lipid components,along with lipid transporters lipocalin-2 and apolipoprotein E,contribute to neuroinflammation by disrupting blood–brain barrier integrity and promoting gliosis.Peripheral insulin resistance further exacerbates brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation.Preclinical interventions targeting peripheral lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathways have shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation in animal models.However,translating these findings to clinical practice requires further investigation into human subjects.In conclusion,metabolic dysfunction,peripheral inflammation,and insulin resistance are integral to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Understanding these complex mechanisms holds potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘目的:观察基于补肾健脾法拟定的中药汤剂补肾健脾活血方对多囊卵巢综合征伴胰岛素抵抗(PCOS-IR)模型大鼠的干预作用,并从磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/核因子κB(PI3K/Akt/NF-κB)信号通路探讨其作用机制。方法:将30只雌性SD大鼠随机分为正常组6只和造模组24只,造模组采用高脂饮食联合来曲唑灌胃法构建PCOS-IR模型。造模组所有大鼠均造模成功,将造模成功的24只大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性药物组(二甲双胍,每日给药量0.195 g/kg)和补肾健脾活血方低剂量组(每日给药量14.3 g/kg)、高剂量组(每日给药量28.6 g/kg),每组6只。各治疗组大鼠每日灌胃给予相应药物,模型组与正常组大鼠每日灌胃给予等量生理盐水,均每日1次,连续14 d。末次给药结束后当天下午4时起各组大鼠禁食不禁水,第2日上午9时开始进行取材和指标检测。尾尖取血,使用血糖仪检测空腹血糖(FBG);眼眶静脉取血,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测空腹胰岛素(FINS),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);运用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察各组大鼠卵巢组织病理形态;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(q PCR)法检测各组大鼠卵巢组织PI3K、Akt、NF-кB抑制蛋白激酶(IKK)、NF-κB、NF-κB抑制因子(IκB)m RNA表达水平。结果:模型组大鼠FINS、FBG、HOMAIR水平均明显高于正常组(P<0.05,P<0.01);阳性药物组大鼠上述指标水平均明显低于模型组(P<0.05),补肾健脾活血方低、高剂量组大鼠FINS、HOMA-IR水平均显著低于模型组(P<0.01);阳性药物组大鼠FINS水平明显高于补肾健脾活血方低、高剂量组(P<0.05),FBG水平明显低于补肾健脾活血方低、高剂量组(P<0.05);上述各指标补肾健脾活血方低、高剂量组组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常组大鼠卵巢结构完整,可见各级发育卵泡及黄体;模型组大鼠卵巢组织呈典型PCOS-IR病理改变,即白膜增厚、皮质纤维化、囊状卵泡增多、黄体减少及闭锁卵泡增加;各给药组病理表现相似,均较模型组有不同程度改善,表现为囊状卵泡减少、闭锁卵泡减少,卵巢结构趋于恢复正常。模型组大鼠卵巢组织PI3K、Akt m RNA表达明显低于正常组(P<0.01),IKK、IκB、NF-κB m RNA表达明显高于正常组(P<0.05,P<0.01);补肾健脾活血方高剂量组大鼠上述指标较模型组均有明显改善(P<0.05,P<0.01),阳性药物组、补肾健脾活血方低剂量组Akt m RNA表达明显高于模型组(P<0.05);补肾健脾活血方高剂量组PI3K、Akt m RNA表达明显高于低剂量组和阳性药物组(P<0.05,P<0.01),IKK、NF-κB m RNA表达明显低于低剂量组和阳性药物组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:补肾健脾活血方能有效改善PCOS-IR大鼠的胰岛素抵抗及卵巢多囊样病变,其机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号并抑制IKK/NF-κB通路有关。
