Y染色体性别决定区(sex-determing region of Y chromosome,SRY)-盒转录因子9(SRY-box transcription factor 9,Sox9)在软骨细胞分化中起关键作用并参与软骨多个分化阶段的调控。在软骨细胞分化过程中Sox9通过翻译后修饰,调节其他细胞...Y染色体性别决定区(sex-determing region of Y chromosome,SRY)-盒转录因子9(SRY-box transcription factor 9,Sox9)在软骨细胞分化中起关键作用并参与软骨多个分化阶段的调控。在软骨细胞分化过程中Sox9通过翻译后修饰,调节其他细胞因子水平,招募转录复合物的成分和介体复合物的亚基来调控软骨标志基因表达从而影响软骨形成进程。表观遗传也是软骨细胞分化的主要调控机制之一,通过Sox9调节组蛋白修饰以及微小RNA对Sox9表达的调节来调控软骨细胞分化。本文对近20年来Sox9调控软骨发育的开创性研究进行综述。展开更多
It is well known that subtle changes in structure and tissue composition of articular cartilage can lead to its degeneration. The present paper puts forward a modified layered inhomogeneous triphasic model with four p...It is well known that subtle changes in structure and tissue composition of articular cartilage can lead to its degeneration. The present paper puts forward a modified layered inhomogeneous triphasic model with four parameters based on the inhomogeneous triphasic model proposed by Narmoneva et al. Incorporating a piecewise fitting optimization criterion, the new model was used to obtain the uniaxial modulus Ha, and predict swelling pattern for the articular cartilage based on ultrasound-measured swelling strain data. The results show that the new method can be used to provide more accurate estimation on the uniaxial modulus than the inhomogeneous triphasic model with three parameters and the homogeneous mode, and predict effectively the swell- ing strains of highly nonuniform distribution of degenerated articular cartilages. This study can provide supplementary information for exploring mechanical and material properties of the cartilage, and thus be helpful for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis-related diseases.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effects of mycotoxin moniliformin （MON） on the metabolism of aggrecan and type 11 collagen in human chondrocytes in vitro and the relationship between MON and Kashin-Beck disease （KBD...Objective： To investigate the effects of mycotoxin moniliformin （MON） on the metabolism of aggrecan and type 11 collagen in human chondrocytes in vitro and the relationship between MON and Kashin-Beck disease （KBD）. Methods： Human chondrocytes were isolated and cultured on bone matrix gelatin to form an artificial cartilage model in vitro with or without MON toxin. Cell viability was determined by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. The expression of aggrecan and type II collagen in the cartilage was determined using immunocytochemical staining. Results： MON toxin inhibited chondrocyte viability in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. MON reduced aggrecan and type Ⅱ collagen syntheses in the tissue-engineered cartilage. MON also increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 （MMP-1）, MMP-13, BC4 epitopes, and CD44 in cartilages. However, the expression of 3B3（-） epitopes in cartilages was inhibited by MON. Selenium partially alleviated the damage of aggrecan induced by MON toxin. Conclusion： MON toxin promoted the catabolism of aggrecan and type II collagen in human chondrocytes.展开更多
For improving the theory of gradient microstructure of cartilage/bone interface, human distal femurs were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, histological sections and MicroCT were used to observe, measure ...For improving the theory of gradient microstructure of cartilage/bone interface, human distal femurs were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, histological sections and MicroCT were used to observe, measure and model the micro- structure of cartilage/bone interface. The results showed that the cartilage/bone interface is in a hierarchical structure which is composed of four different tissue layers. The interlocking of hyaline cartilage and calcified cartilage and that of calcified car- tilage and subchondral bone are in the manner of＂protrusion-pore＂ with average diameter of 17.0 gm and 34.1 lam respectively. In addition, the cancellous bone under the cartilage is also formed by four layer hierarchical structure, and the adjacent layers are connected by bone trabecula in the shape of H, I and Y, forming a complex interwoven network structure. Finally, the simplified structure model of the cartilage/bone interface was proposed according to the natural articular cartilage/bone interface. The simplified model is a 4-layer gradient biomimetic structure, which corresponds to four different tissues of natural cartilage/bone interface. The results of this work would be beneficial to the design of bionic scaffold for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage/bone.展开更多
Background Several reports have shown the progression of articular cartilage degeneration after anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） reconstruction. No report has been published about the cartilage comparing changes aft...Background Several reports have shown the progression of articular cartilage degeneration after anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） reconstruction. No report has been published about the cartilage comparing changes after single-bundle （SB） and double-bundle （DI3） ACL reconstructions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the articular cartilage changes after SB and DB ACL reconstructions by second-look arthroscopy. Methods Ninety-nine patients who received arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed at an average of 14 months after reconstruction, 58 patients underwent SB ACL reconstruction and 41 patients underwent DB ACL reconstruction. Hamstring tendon autografts were used in all patients. Second-look arthroscopy was done in conjunction with the tibial staple fixation removal at least one year after the initial ACL reconstruction. Arthroscopic evaluation and grading of the articular cartilage degeneration for all patients were performed at the initial ACL reconstruction, and at the second-look arthroscopy. Results The average cartilage degeneration at the patellofemoral joint （PFJ） was found significantly worsened after both SB and DB ACL reconstructions. This worsening were not seen at medial tibiofemoral joint （TFJ） and lateral TFJ. Grade II cartilage damage was the most common. At second-look arthroscopy, the average patellar cartilage degeneration was 1.14±0.14 （at first look 0.52±0.11） for the SB group, and 1.22±0.15 （at first look 0.56±0.12） for the DB group. The average trochlear cartilage degeneration was 1.05±0.16 （at fist look 0.10±0.06） and 0.66±0.17 （at fist look 0.17±0.09）, respectively. The average patellar cartilage degeneration showed no significant difference in both groups. However, the average trochlea cartilage degeneration in DB group was significantly less than in SB group. Conclusions Patellofemoral cartilage degeneration continued to aggravate after ACL reconstruction. DB ACL reconstruction could significantly decrease the trochlea cartilage degeneration compared with SB ACL reconstruction.展开更多
文摘Y染色体性别决定区(sex-determing region of Y chromosome,SRY)-盒转录因子9(SRY-box transcription factor 9,Sox9)在软骨细胞分化中起关键作用并参与软骨多个分化阶段的调控。在软骨细胞分化过程中Sox9通过翻译后修饰,调节其他细胞因子水平,招募转录复合物的成分和介体复合物的亚基来调控软骨标志基因表达从而影响软骨形成进程。表观遗传也是软骨细胞分化的主要调控机制之一,通过Sox9调节组蛋白修饰以及微小RNA对Sox9表达的调节来调控软骨细胞分化。本文对近20年来Sox9调控软骨发育的开创性研究进行综述。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10772018,30872720)
文摘It is well known that subtle changes in structure and tissue composition of articular cartilage can lead to its degeneration. The present paper puts forward a modified layered inhomogeneous triphasic model with four parameters based on the inhomogeneous triphasic model proposed by Narmoneva et al. Incorporating a piecewise fitting optimization criterion, the new model was used to obtain the uniaxial modulus Ha, and predict swelling pattern for the articular cartilage based on ultrasound-measured swelling strain data. The results show that the new method can be used to provide more accurate estimation on the uniaxial modulus than the inhomogeneous triphasic model with three parameters and the homogeneous mode, and predict effectively the swell- ing strains of highly nonuniform distribution of degenerated articular cartilages. This study can provide supplementary information for exploring mechanical and material properties of the cartilage, and thus be helpful for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis-related diseases.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.30872187,30471499,and 30170831)the Ministry of Education of China (No.Key 03152)the Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China (No.2004KW-20)
文摘Objective： To investigate the effects of mycotoxin moniliformin （MON） on the metabolism of aggrecan and type 11 collagen in human chondrocytes in vitro and the relationship between MON and Kashin-Beck disease （KBD）. Methods： Human chondrocytes were isolated and cultured on bone matrix gelatin to form an artificial cartilage model in vitro with or without MON toxin. Cell viability was determined by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. The expression of aggrecan and type II collagen in the cartilage was determined using immunocytochemical staining. Results： MON toxin inhibited chondrocyte viability in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. MON reduced aggrecan and type Ⅱ collagen syntheses in the tissue-engineered cartilage. MON also increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 （MMP-1）, MMP-13, BC4 epitopes, and CD44 in cartilages. However, the expression of 3B3（-） epitopes in cartilages was inhibited by MON. Selenium partially alleviated the damage of aggrecan induced by MON toxin. Conclusion： MON toxin promoted the catabolism of aggrecan and type II collagen in human chondrocytes.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No： 50875201） and the National Hi-Tech Program of China （Grant No： 2009AA043801）. The authors thank Professor Yiping Tang from Xi＇an Jiaotong University for improving the manuscript.
文摘For improving the theory of gradient microstructure of cartilage/bone interface, human distal femurs were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, histological sections and MicroCT were used to observe, measure and model the micro- structure of cartilage/bone interface. The results showed that the cartilage/bone interface is in a hierarchical structure which is composed of four different tissue layers. The interlocking of hyaline cartilage and calcified cartilage and that of calcified car- tilage and subchondral bone are in the manner of＂protrusion-pore＂ with average diameter of 17.0 gm and 34.1 lam respectively. In addition, the cancellous bone under the cartilage is also formed by four layer hierarchical structure, and the adjacent layers are connected by bone trabecula in the shape of H, I and Y, forming a complex interwoven network structure. Finally, the simplified structure model of the cartilage/bone interface was proposed according to the natural articular cartilage/bone interface. The simplified model is a 4-layer gradient biomimetic structure, which corresponds to four different tissues of natural cartilage/bone interface. The results of this work would be beneficial to the design of bionic scaffold for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage/bone.
文摘Background Several reports have shown the progression of articular cartilage degeneration after anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） reconstruction. No report has been published about the cartilage comparing changes after single-bundle （SB） and double-bundle （DI3） ACL reconstructions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the articular cartilage changes after SB and DB ACL reconstructions by second-look arthroscopy. Methods Ninety-nine patients who received arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed at an average of 14 months after reconstruction, 58 patients underwent SB ACL reconstruction and 41 patients underwent DB ACL reconstruction. Hamstring tendon autografts were used in all patients. Second-look arthroscopy was done in conjunction with the tibial staple fixation removal at least one year after the initial ACL reconstruction. Arthroscopic evaluation and grading of the articular cartilage degeneration for all patients were performed at the initial ACL reconstruction, and at the second-look arthroscopy. Results The average cartilage degeneration at the patellofemoral joint （PFJ） was found significantly worsened after both SB and DB ACL reconstructions. This worsening were not seen at medial tibiofemoral joint （TFJ） and lateral TFJ. Grade II cartilage damage was the most common. At second-look arthroscopy, the average patellar cartilage degeneration was 1.14±0.14 （at first look 0.52±0.11） for the SB group, and 1.22±0.15 （at first look 0.56±0.12） for the DB group. The average trochlear cartilage degeneration was 1.05±0.16 （at fist look 0.10±0.06） and 0.66±0.17 （at fist look 0.17±0.09）, respectively. The average patellar cartilage degeneration showed no significant difference in both groups. However, the average trochlea cartilage degeneration in DB group was significantly less than in SB group. Conclusions Patellofemoral cartilage degeneration continued to aggravate after ACL reconstruction. DB ACL reconstruction could significantly decrease the trochlea cartilage degeneration compared with SB ACL reconstruction.
