Avian cognitive abilities rival those of primates.These capacities have been linked to high pallial neuronal density and prefrontal cortex-like dorsal ventricular ridge(DVR)circuitry.Although the DVR is now recognized...Avian cognitive abilities rival those of primates.These capacities have been linked to high pallial neuronal density and prefrontal cortex-like dorsal ventricular ridge(DVR)circuitry.Although the DVR is now recognized as a pallial structure homologous to the mammalian cortex,its morphological basis remains unclear.Here,we combine Nissl staining,Golgi-Cox labeling,and 3D reconstruction to map neuronal morphology across five telencephalic regions in the Rock Pigeon(Columba livia).From 64 fully reconstructed neurons,we quantified dendritic field area,total dendritic length,branching architecture,and radial arbor organization.DVR neurons showed the largest dendritic fields and the highest branching complexity.Single-nucleus transcriptomic data further revealed that the Nidopallium Caudolaterale(NCL),the core DVR subregion,expresses a neuronmorphogenesis gene module whose activity correlates with dendritic field size.Together,these results identify a molecular and morphological signature of DVR neurons and highlight the computational significance of Nidopallium Caudolaterale.This work provides an integrated comparison of telencephalic neuronal morphology and gene expression in birds.展开更多
【目的】查明红九棘鲈胚胎发育时序及仔、稚鱼形态特征变化,为建立批量化人工育苗技术、制定规模化繁育策略奠定基础。【方法】利用体视显微镜对红九棘鲈胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼发育过程进行观察和图像采集,记录分析其各时期的形态特征和发...【目的】查明红九棘鲈胚胎发育时序及仔、稚鱼形态特征变化,为建立批量化人工育苗技术、制定规模化繁育策略奠定基础。【方法】利用体视显微镜对红九棘鲈胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼发育过程进行观察和图像采集,记录分析其各时期的形态特征和发育特点。【结果】红九棘鲈受精卵属浮性卵,呈现透明球状,平均卵径(864.5±29.6)μm。受精卵中央具油球1个,油球平均直径(174.2±5.3)μm。受精卵经历卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化等6个阶段,历时24 h 30 min完成胚胎发育。初孵仔鱼平均全长(1.84±0.11)mm,仔鱼孵化3 d后卵黄囊消失,转变为外源性营养,成为晚期仔鱼;晚期仔鱼发育至24日龄时全长(16.83±2.38)mm,各鳍鳍条形成,变态成为稚鱼;稚鱼期开始出现鳞片和体色,生长速率加快,组织、器官形态分化更加完善,60日龄稚鱼全长(65.83±6.71)mm,各器官发育完善,体色为暗红色,特征与成鱼类似。【结论】本研究首次系统揭示了红九棘鲈胚胎至稚鱼阶段的发育规律,查明了胚胎发育时序、胚后阶段划分标准及关键生长参数。研究结果为建立红九棘鲈苗种规模化生产技术提供了理论基础,对减少野生资源依赖、开发适合工厂化和深远海养殖的名贵鱼类具有重要意义。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32170642 and 32370682)。
文摘Avian cognitive abilities rival those of primates.These capacities have been linked to high pallial neuronal density and prefrontal cortex-like dorsal ventricular ridge(DVR)circuitry.Although the DVR is now recognized as a pallial structure homologous to the mammalian cortex,its morphological basis remains unclear.Here,we combine Nissl staining,Golgi-Cox labeling,and 3D reconstruction to map neuronal morphology across five telencephalic regions in the Rock Pigeon(Columba livia).From 64 fully reconstructed neurons,we quantified dendritic field area,total dendritic length,branching architecture,and radial arbor organization.DVR neurons showed the largest dendritic fields and the highest branching complexity.Single-nucleus transcriptomic data further revealed that the Nidopallium Caudolaterale(NCL),the core DVR subregion,expresses a neuronmorphogenesis gene module whose activity correlates with dendritic field size.Together,these results identify a molecular and morphological signature of DVR neurons and highlight the computational significance of Nidopallium Caudolaterale.This work provides an integrated comparison of telencephalic neuronal morphology and gene expression in birds.
文摘【目的】查明红九棘鲈胚胎发育时序及仔、稚鱼形态特征变化,为建立批量化人工育苗技术、制定规模化繁育策略奠定基础。【方法】利用体视显微镜对红九棘鲈胚胎发育及仔、稚鱼发育过程进行观察和图像采集,记录分析其各时期的形态特征和发育特点。【结果】红九棘鲈受精卵属浮性卵,呈现透明球状,平均卵径(864.5±29.6)μm。受精卵中央具油球1个,油球平均直径(174.2±5.3)μm。受精卵经历卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化等6个阶段,历时24 h 30 min完成胚胎发育。初孵仔鱼平均全长(1.84±0.11)mm,仔鱼孵化3 d后卵黄囊消失,转变为外源性营养,成为晚期仔鱼;晚期仔鱼发育至24日龄时全长(16.83±2.38)mm,各鳍鳍条形成,变态成为稚鱼;稚鱼期开始出现鳞片和体色,生长速率加快,组织、器官形态分化更加完善,60日龄稚鱼全长(65.83±6.71)mm,各器官发育完善,体色为暗红色,特征与成鱼类似。【结论】本研究首次系统揭示了红九棘鲈胚胎至稚鱼阶段的发育规律,查明了胚胎发育时序、胚后阶段划分标准及关键生长参数。研究结果为建立红九棘鲈苗种规模化生产技术提供了理论基础,对减少野生资源依赖、开发适合工厂化和深远海养殖的名贵鱼类具有重要意义。
文摘旨在研究IGF s及其受体(IGFR)在绵羊卵母细胞和早期胚胎中的表达.对绵羊进行超数排卵处理,手术法采卵得到卵母细胞和着床前早期胚胎,结合荧光免疫染色方法和激光共聚焦成像系统,研究了绵羊未成熟卵母细胞、成熟卵母细胞和着床前各期胚胎中IGF-I、IGF-II、IGF-IR、IGF-IIR的表达情况.结果表明,IGF-I、IGF-II在未成熟卵母细胞和成熟卵母细胞中均有表达;受精后,直到囊胚的整个早期发育阶段也检测到了这两个因子的表达,且胚胎免疫染色在各卵裂球之间呈现不均匀的分布.IGF-IR和IGF-IIR在未成熟卵母细胞、成熟卵母细胞和早期胚胎均有表达,在胚胎期主要分布于卵裂球细胞的顶端(ap ica l surface),而在囊胚阶段主要在滋胚层细胞中表达,内细胞团没有表达.
