Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activ...Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activities.Long-term poor understanding of their genetics and evolution undermines effective conservation efforts.In this study,we analyse comparative population genomic data of four Nomascus species.Our results reveal strong genetic differentiation and gene flow among Nomascus species.Additionally,we identify genomic features that are potentially related to natural selection linked to vocalization,fructose metabolism,motor balance,and body size,consistent with the unique phenotype and adaptability of gibbons.Inbreeding,coupled with population declines due to climate change and historical human activities,leads to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variations that likely affect cardiovascular disease and the reproductive potential of gibbons and further reduce their fitness,highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies.展开更多
Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)a...Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)and linearly polarized light(LPL),but also are the only animals capable of recognizing circularly polarized light(CPL).Here,we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing,previously published Illumina data,and in-situ hybridization(ISH)to quantify and localize functional opsin genes in Oratosquilla oratoria,a common stomatopoda species in the China Sea.A total of high-quality 31777 cells were captured for the first time in the O.oratoria compound eye,which were classified into 25 cell subpopulations,and hypothesized that cluster 22 is a critical cell subpopulation responsible for light(whether NL,LPL,or CPL)response in O.oratoria.Furthermore,we propose that the long-wavelengthsensitive opsin gene(lws)gene family,retinol dehydrogenase(rdh),voltage-gated ion channel(vgic),arrestin(arr),and myosin(myo)collectively mediate the light response in O.oratoria.Considering that very few vision-related opsin genes show differential expression in right-handed CPL(RCPL)-vs.-dark(DL),which provides additional evidence that stomatopoda cannot recognize RCPL.Meanwhile,we believe that UV-stimulated scaffold protein A(uvssa)and red pigment concentrating hormone(rpch)play special contributions in the left-handed CPL(LCPL)environment response.ISH revealing that 16 lws,6 middle-wavelength-sensitive(mws),and 2 ultraviolet(uv)opsin genes were expressed in the photoreceptors of the O.oratoria compound eye.Although the inability to determine the functional types of cell subpopulations limits the resolution of opsin genes,these findings systematically elucidate the specific expression patterns of opsin genes in O.oratoria and represent a significant step toward refining the visual ecological theory of O.oratoria and other stomatopod species.展开更多
本研究采用QIA-GEN公司生产的粪便DNA提取试剂盒(QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit)进行马鹿粪便样品的提取,检测27对马鹿近缘种鹿科动物微卫星座位的多态性分布,评估其遗传多样性,并探讨其用于个体识别的可行性。结果表明:11个微卫星位点的...本研究采用QIA-GEN公司生产的粪便DNA提取试剂盒(QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit)进行马鹿粪便样品的提取,检测27对马鹿近缘种鹿科动物微卫星座位的多态性分布,评估其遗传多样性,并探讨其用于个体识别的可行性。结果表明:11个微卫星位点的平均杂合度在0.513-0.715之间变动,基因杂合度最小位点是T507,基因杂合度最大的位点有2个,分别是BM848和T530,平均为0.614。多态性信息含量值(PIC)在0.264-0.764之间变动,最小的为BM848,最大的是T501,平均值为0.595,其中CSSM19、T123、T156、N、BM203、OCAM、T507、T530、T501和C143平均PIC在0.5以上,为高度多态位点;BM848位点的PIC值在0.25~0.5之间,为中度多态位点。11个位点无偏随机识别概率P(ID)为1.408×10^(-3),累计个体鉴别力为99.99%。因此,这11个位点完全能够满足马鹿个体识别分析的要求。展开更多
过度开发、非法猎捕和利用野生动物资源已经成为威胁生物多样性的重要因素。将野外非法获取的动物混入合法养殖动物中掩盖违法犯罪的行为层出不穷,因此需要从科学鉴定角度区分不同来源的动物。骨骼肌是非法猎捕和贸易的主要目标产品,但...过度开发、非法猎捕和利用野生动物资源已经成为威胁生物多样性的重要因素。将野外非法获取的动物混入合法养殖动物中掩盖违法犯罪的行为层出不穷,因此需要从科学鉴定角度区分不同来源的动物。骨骼肌是非法猎捕和贸易的主要目标产品,但尚没有有效的方法鉴别其来源。本研究以被归入《国家畜禽资源目录》的新型家禽,同时又是“三有”物种的环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)为例,采用甲基化敏感性高分辨率熔解曲线技术(methylation-sensitive high resolution melting,MS-HRM)测试了26个甲基化水平在野生和圈养环颈雉之间具有潜在差异的位点,得到11个可以稳定检测的位点。统计分析发现,LOC116232884、NFATC2、FGF9-3、FGF9-2、MAPK8、DUSP10和MYCN七个位点在两组间的甲基化水平差异达到显著或极显著水平(P=0.000~0.004),各位点整体正确鉴别率为62.22%~82.78%,累积鉴别能力可达99.99993%。研究结果为建立鉴别野生和圈养环颈雉的方法提供了位点资源和检测方法,也为解决其他同类物种的鉴别问题提供了借鉴。展开更多
基金supported by Science and Technology Program from the Forestry Administration of Guangdong Province(2024KJQT0012)the Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(2022B1111040001)+2 种基金the National Forestry Administration rare and endangered species field rescue and breeding project(Gui lin hu yu O10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200337)a fellowship from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712003).
文摘Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activities.Long-term poor understanding of their genetics and evolution undermines effective conservation efforts.In this study,we analyse comparative population genomic data of four Nomascus species.Our results reveal strong genetic differentiation and gene flow among Nomascus species.Additionally,we identify genomic features that are potentially related to natural selection linked to vocalization,fructose metabolism,motor balance,and body size,consistent with the unique phenotype and adaptability of gibbons.Inbreeding,coupled with population declines due to climate change and historical human activities,leads to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variations that likely affect cardiovascular disease and the reproductive potential of gibbons and further reduce their fitness,highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QD110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106128)。
文摘Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)and linearly polarized light(LPL),but also are the only animals capable of recognizing circularly polarized light(CPL).Here,we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing,previously published Illumina data,and in-situ hybridization(ISH)to quantify and localize functional opsin genes in Oratosquilla oratoria,a common stomatopoda species in the China Sea.A total of high-quality 31777 cells were captured for the first time in the O.oratoria compound eye,which were classified into 25 cell subpopulations,and hypothesized that cluster 22 is a critical cell subpopulation responsible for light(whether NL,LPL,or CPL)response in O.oratoria.Furthermore,we propose that the long-wavelengthsensitive opsin gene(lws)gene family,retinol dehydrogenase(rdh),voltage-gated ion channel(vgic),arrestin(arr),and myosin(myo)collectively mediate the light response in O.oratoria.Considering that very few vision-related opsin genes show differential expression in right-handed CPL(RCPL)-vs.-dark(DL),which provides additional evidence that stomatopoda cannot recognize RCPL.Meanwhile,we believe that UV-stimulated scaffold protein A(uvssa)and red pigment concentrating hormone(rpch)play special contributions in the left-handed CPL(LCPL)environment response.ISH revealing that 16 lws,6 middle-wavelength-sensitive(mws),and 2 ultraviolet(uv)opsin genes were expressed in the photoreceptors of the O.oratoria compound eye.Although the inability to determine the functional types of cell subpopulations limits the resolution of opsin genes,these findings systematically elucidate the specific expression patterns of opsin genes in O.oratoria and represent a significant step toward refining the visual ecological theory of O.oratoria and other stomatopod species.
文摘本研究采用QIA-GEN公司生产的粪便DNA提取试剂盒(QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit)进行马鹿粪便样品的提取,检测27对马鹿近缘种鹿科动物微卫星座位的多态性分布,评估其遗传多样性,并探讨其用于个体识别的可行性。结果表明:11个微卫星位点的平均杂合度在0.513-0.715之间变动,基因杂合度最小位点是T507,基因杂合度最大的位点有2个,分别是BM848和T530,平均为0.614。多态性信息含量值(PIC)在0.264-0.764之间变动,最小的为BM848,最大的是T501,平均值为0.595,其中CSSM19、T123、T156、N、BM203、OCAM、T507、T530、T501和C143平均PIC在0.5以上,为高度多态位点;BM848位点的PIC值在0.25~0.5之间,为中度多态位点。11个位点无偏随机识别概率P(ID)为1.408×10^(-3),累计个体鉴别力为99.99%。因此,这11个位点完全能够满足马鹿个体识别分析的要求。
文摘过度开发、非法猎捕和利用野生动物资源已经成为威胁生物多样性的重要因素。将野外非法获取的动物混入合法养殖动物中掩盖违法犯罪的行为层出不穷,因此需要从科学鉴定角度区分不同来源的动物。骨骼肌是非法猎捕和贸易的主要目标产品,但尚没有有效的方法鉴别其来源。本研究以被归入《国家畜禽资源目录》的新型家禽,同时又是“三有”物种的环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)为例,采用甲基化敏感性高分辨率熔解曲线技术(methylation-sensitive high resolution melting,MS-HRM)测试了26个甲基化水平在野生和圈养环颈雉之间具有潜在差异的位点,得到11个可以稳定检测的位点。统计分析发现,LOC116232884、NFATC2、FGF9-3、FGF9-2、MAPK8、DUSP10和MYCN七个位点在两组间的甲基化水平差异达到显著或极显著水平(P=0.000~0.004),各位点整体正确鉴别率为62.22%~82.78%,累积鉴别能力可达99.99993%。研究结果为建立鉴别野生和圈养环颈雉的方法提供了位点资源和检测方法,也为解决其他同类物种的鉴别问题提供了借鉴。
