Root nodule symbiosis(RNS)is a mutualistic association formed between nitrogen-fixing rhizobia or Frankia and host plants limited to four orders within Rosid I―Fabales,Fagales,Cucurbitales,and Rosales―which comprise...Root nodule symbiosis(RNS)is a mutualistic association formed between nitrogen-fixing rhizobia or Frankia and host plants limited to four orders within Rosid I―Fabales,Fagales,Cucurbitales,and Rosales―which comprise the so-called‘Nitrogen Fixing Nodulation Clade’(NFNC).The majority of nodulation studies have focused on Leguminosae,given their agricultural and environmental importance,as well as the widespread occurrence of nodulation among members of this family.Endowing cereal crops with nitrogen fixation,like Leguminosae,presents a strategy to reduce the detrimental effects of synthetic fertilizer overuse.Different hypotheses on the origin of RNS have been proposed;however,key genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS,even in Leguminosae,have been rarely reported.In this review,we begin by examining current knowledge of genetic innovations―including gene gain,gene loss,and the acquisition or loss of conserved noncoding sequences(CNS)in preexisting genes.We explore the available evidence supporting these genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and offer the phylogenomics approach that could be applied to uncover these genetic innovations.Finally,we conclude by proposing a model of genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and consider the potential implications for the development of nitrogen-fixing crops.展开更多
The development of synthetic hybrid biological systems integrating photosynthetic organisms with organic-abiotic functional materials holds significant promise for enhancing photosynthetic processes.The artificial reg...The development of synthetic hybrid biological systems integrating photosynthetic organisms with organic-abiotic functional materials holds significant promise for enhancing photosynthetic processes.The artificial regulation of the state transition between photosystem I(PSI)and photosystem II(PSII)represents a strategic and promising approach for improving the efficiency of natural photosynthesis.In this study,we demonstrate that poly(benzimidazolium-phenylthiophene)(CP4)featuring a flexible cationic backbone exhibits superior ultraviolet light-harvesting capability.The polymer CP4 enhanced PSI activity in Chlorella pyrenoidosa(C.pyrenoidosa),subsequently promoting PSII activity and augmenting overall photosynthetic performance.During light-dependent reactions,CP4 significantly accelerated photosynthetic electron transfer,resulting in a 330%increase in the production of oxygen and 93%and 96%increases in the ATP and NADPH contents,respectively.In the context of dark reactions,CP4 facilitated the conversion and utilization of light energy,leading to a 6%increase in both carbohydrate and protein contents.These findings indicate that synthetic light-harvesting polymer materials exhibit considerable application potential in the field of biomass production through enhancement of natural photosynthetic efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300512)and the Xplorer Prize.
文摘Root nodule symbiosis(RNS)is a mutualistic association formed between nitrogen-fixing rhizobia or Frankia and host plants limited to four orders within Rosid I―Fabales,Fagales,Cucurbitales,and Rosales―which comprise the so-called‘Nitrogen Fixing Nodulation Clade’(NFNC).The majority of nodulation studies have focused on Leguminosae,given their agricultural and environmental importance,as well as the widespread occurrence of nodulation among members of this family.Endowing cereal crops with nitrogen fixation,like Leguminosae,presents a strategy to reduce the detrimental effects of synthetic fertilizer overuse.Different hypotheses on the origin of RNS have been proposed;however,key genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS,even in Leguminosae,have been rarely reported.In this review,we begin by examining current knowledge of genetic innovations―including gene gain,gene loss,and the acquisition or loss of conserved noncoding sequences(CNS)in preexisting genes.We explore the available evidence supporting these genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and offer the phylogenomics approach that could be applied to uncover these genetic innovations.Finally,we conclude by proposing a model of genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and consider the potential implications for the development of nitrogen-fixing crops.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFC3404200,2023YFC34042012023YFC3404202)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22575253)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z220025)。
文摘The development of synthetic hybrid biological systems integrating photosynthetic organisms with organic-abiotic functional materials holds significant promise for enhancing photosynthetic processes.The artificial regulation of the state transition between photosystem I(PSI)and photosystem II(PSII)represents a strategic and promising approach for improving the efficiency of natural photosynthesis.In this study,we demonstrate that poly(benzimidazolium-phenylthiophene)(CP4)featuring a flexible cationic backbone exhibits superior ultraviolet light-harvesting capability.The polymer CP4 enhanced PSI activity in Chlorella pyrenoidosa(C.pyrenoidosa),subsequently promoting PSII activity and augmenting overall photosynthetic performance.During light-dependent reactions,CP4 significantly accelerated photosynthetic electron transfer,resulting in a 330%increase in the production of oxygen and 93%and 96%increases in the ATP and NADPH contents,respectively.In the context of dark reactions,CP4 facilitated the conversion and utilization of light energy,leading to a 6%increase in both carbohydrate and protein contents.These findings indicate that synthetic light-harvesting polymer materials exhibit considerable application potential in the field of biomass production through enhancement of natural photosynthetic efficiency.
