真核生物RNA聚合酶Ⅳ(polymerasesⅣ,PolⅣ)和Ⅴ(PolⅤ)是植物特有的RNA指导DNA甲基化(RNA-directed DNA methylation,RdDM)通路的核心酶,介导重要的表观遗传调控过程。当前分子生物学教材对其介绍明显不足,制约了学生对该领域的深入理...真核生物RNA聚合酶Ⅳ(polymerasesⅣ,PolⅣ)和Ⅴ(PolⅤ)是植物特有的RNA指导DNA甲基化(RNA-directed DNA methylation,RdDM)通路的核心酶,介导重要的表观遗传调控过程。当前分子生物学教材对其介绍明显不足,制约了学生对该领域的深入理解。本文基于RNA PolⅣ与RDR2协同组装、RNA PolⅤ转录停滞等最新结构生物学进展,系统阐述其亚基组成、结构特征与功能分工;进而依据建构主义及循证教学原则,提出以概念脚手架和科学叙事法更新教材内容,并引入可视化分析、角色模拟与案例研讨等教学方法,构建了面向知识-能力-素养协同培养的教学范式,为弥合学科前沿与课堂教学的差距提供系统解决方案,并为农林院校分子生物学课程改革与创新人才培养提供了可借鉴的范式。展开更多
Modern land plants comprise two main lineages:tracheophytes and bryophytes.The latter include mosses,liverworts,and hornworts.Bryophytes are second only to angiosperms in diversity,with approximately 22,000 species(Sh...Modern land plants comprise two main lineages:tracheophytes and bryophytes.The latter include mosses,liverworts,and hornworts.Bryophytes are second only to angiosperms in diversity,with approximately 22,000 species(Shaw,2008).They are characterized by a life cycle dominated by haploid gametophytes,with unbranched diploid sporophytes attached to the gametophytes,producing spores for sexual reproduction(Shaw and Renzaglia,2004).Bryophytes have demonstrated great adaptability to modern ecosystems,thriving in environments ranging from deserts to wetlands and from tropical to polar regions(Degola et al.,2022).This adaptability suggests that bryophytes may have evolved an effective genetic toolkit for stress tolerance.Advances in genome sequencing and assembly technologies offer great opportunities to decipher the genetic toolkit and study the evolution of resistance and environmental adaptation in bryophytes.展开更多
N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification,the most abundant internal modification in messenger RNA(mRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),has emerged as a critical epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes.While...N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification,the most abundant internal modification in messenger RNA(mRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),has emerged as a critical epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes.While the importance of m^(6)A modification in various biological processes has been recognized,a comprehensive understanding of its diverse roles in plant biology and agricultural applications remains fragmented.This review analyzes recent advances inm^(6)A modification's biological functions in plants.m^(6)A modification plays crucial roles in multiple aspects of plant life,including seed germination,organ development,and reproductive structure formation.Furthermore,m^(6)A has been found to significantly influence plant responses to environmental stresses,including salt,drought,temperature,and heavy metal exposure.We also uncover m^(6)A involvement in important agricultural traits.This review provides insights into the mechanistic understanding of m^(6)A modification in plants and highlights its applications in agricultural improvement,offering a foundation for future research in crop enhancement and stress resistance.展开更多
文摘真核生物RNA聚合酶Ⅳ(polymerasesⅣ,PolⅣ)和Ⅴ(PolⅤ)是植物特有的RNA指导DNA甲基化(RNA-directed DNA methylation,RdDM)通路的核心酶,介导重要的表观遗传调控过程。当前分子生物学教材对其介绍明显不足,制约了学生对该领域的深入理解。本文基于RNA PolⅣ与RDR2协同组装、RNA PolⅤ转录停滞等最新结构生物学进展,系统阐述其亚基组成、结构特征与功能分工;进而依据建构主义及循证教学原则,提出以概念脚手架和科学叙事法更新教材内容,并引入可视化分析、角色模拟与案例研讨等教学方法,构建了面向知识-能力-素养协同培养的教学范式,为弥合学科前沿与课堂教学的差距提供系统解决方案,并为农林院校分子生物学课程改革与创新人才培养提供了可借鉴的范式。
基金funded by Scientific Foundation of the Urban Management Bureau of Shenzhen(202403 to YL and 202302 to SD)part of the 10KP project(https://db.cngb.org/10kp/)+1 种基金supported by China National GeneBank(CNGBhttps://www.cngb.org/).
文摘Modern land plants comprise two main lineages:tracheophytes and bryophytes.The latter include mosses,liverworts,and hornworts.Bryophytes are second only to angiosperms in diversity,with approximately 22,000 species(Shaw,2008).They are characterized by a life cycle dominated by haploid gametophytes,with unbranched diploid sporophytes attached to the gametophytes,producing spores for sexual reproduction(Shaw and Renzaglia,2004).Bryophytes have demonstrated great adaptability to modern ecosystems,thriving in environments ranging from deserts to wetlands and from tropical to polar regions(Degola et al.,2022).This adaptability suggests that bryophytes may have evolved an effective genetic toolkit for stress tolerance.Advances in genome sequencing and assembly technologies offer great opportunities to decipher the genetic toolkit and study the evolution of resistance and environmental adaptation in bryophytes.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31660568)Guangxi Science and Technology major project(Grant No.GuikeAA22068088)+2 种基金start-up funding for introduced talents in Guangxi University,the Guangxi Colleges and Universities Young and Middle-aged Teachers'Basic Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project(Grant No.2024KY0010)Guangxi Graduate Education Innovation Program(Grant No.YCSW2024093)the Guangxi University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Funding Project(Grant Nos.202310593704,202310593714,202410953044S).
文摘N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification,the most abundant internal modification in messenger RNA(mRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),has emerged as a critical epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes.While the importance of m^(6)A modification in various biological processes has been recognized,a comprehensive understanding of its diverse roles in plant biology and agricultural applications remains fragmented.This review analyzes recent advances inm^(6)A modification's biological functions in plants.m^(6)A modification plays crucial roles in multiple aspects of plant life,including seed germination,organ development,and reproductive structure formation.Furthermore,m^(6)A has been found to significantly influence plant responses to environmental stresses,including salt,drought,temperature,and heavy metal exposure.We also uncover m^(6)A involvement in important agricultural traits.This review provides insights into the mechanistic understanding of m^(6)A modification in plants and highlights its applications in agricultural improvement,offering a foundation for future research in crop enhancement and stress resistance.
