Mammalian fertilization involves the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive system.Early embryonic development is a consequence of several steps and signaling pathways being activated,as well as bioc...Mammalian fertilization involves the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive system.Early embryonic development is a consequence of several steps and signaling pathways being activated,as well as biochemical and morphological modifications of spermatozoa that enable them to penetrate the membrane of mature oocytes.There are some crucial steps known to clearly explain the process of fertilization,starting with hyperactivation of spermatozoa,mutual recognition,and binding of gametes mediated by receptors located on the surface membranes of both gametes.The final step is followed by oocyte activation,which is primarily triggered via sperm-derived factors,inducing a sharp increase in intracellular calcium levels,eventually leading to polyspermy block.This review integrates current knowledge of the molecular and physiological events governing fertilization,emphasizing how ion regulation and signaling pathways converge to enable sperm function and oocyte activation.Special attention is given to sperm-derived factors such as phospholipase C zeta(PLCζ)and post-acrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein(PAWP),which play essential roles in triggering calcium release and supporting early embryonic development.展开更多
This study constructs a dual-capacitor neuron circuit(connected via a memristor)integrated with a phototube and a thermistor to simulate the ability of biological neurons to simultaneously perceive light and thermal s...This study constructs a dual-capacitor neuron circuit(connected via a memristor)integrated with a phototube and a thermistor to simulate the ability of biological neurons to simultaneously perceive light and thermal stimuli.The circuit model converts photothermal signals into electrical signals,and its dynamic behavior is described using dimensionless equations derived from Kirchhoff's laws.Based on Helmholtz's theorem,a pseudo-Hamiltonian energy function is introduced to characterize the system's energy metabolism.Furthermore,an adaptive control function is proposed to elucidate temperature-dependent firing mechanisms,in which temperature dynamics are regulated by pseudo-Hamiltonian energy.Numerical simulations using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method,combined with bifurcation diagrams,Lyapunov exponent spectra,and phase portraits,reveal that parameters such as capacitance ratio,phototube voltage amplitude/frequency,temperature,and thermistor reference resistance significantly modulate neuronal firing patterns,inducing transitions between periodic and chaotic states.Periodic states typically exhibit higher average pseudo-Hamiltonian energy than chaotic states.Two-parameter analysis demonstrates that phototube voltage amplitude and temperature jointly govern firing modes,with chaotic behavior emerging within specific parameter ranges.Adaptive control studies show that gain/attenuation factors,energy thresholds,ceiling temperatures,and initial temperatures regulate the timing and magnitude of system temperature saturation.During both heating and cooling phases,temperature dynamics are tightly coupled with pseudoHamiltonian energy and neuronal firing activity.These findings validate the circuit's ability to simulate photothermal perception and adaptive temperature regulation,contributing to a deeper understanding of neuronal encoding mechanisms and multimodal sensory processing.展开更多
The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic...The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.展开更多
Dysregulated inflammation and multi-organ failure are hallmarks of sepsis,a potentially fatal illness for which there are currently no effective treatments.Fatty acid-binding protein(A-FABP)has been identified in rece...Dysregulated inflammation and multi-organ failure are hallmarks of sepsis,a potentially fatal illness for which there are currently no effective treatments.Fatty acid-binding protein(A-FABP)has been identified in recent research as a crucial mediator of the inflammatory pathways underlying sepsis.In this study,we used a murine model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced endotoxemia to assess the therapeutic potential of 6H2,a monoclonal antibody that targets A-FABP.In comparison to untreated septic mice,6H2 treatment significantly increased survival rates,decreased histopathological damage in the liver,lungs,kidneys,and heart,and reduced systemic inflammation.According to biochemical analyses,6H2 treatment decreased circulating levels of A-FABP,and this was associated with a reduction in inflammatory markers.These results indicate that A-FABP inhibition is a potentially effective treatment approach for sepsis,with 6H2 demonstrating strong therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
The neuromuscular junction and its proregenerative niche:The mammalian peripheral nervous system,unlike the central nervous system,has preserved throughout evolution the ability to regenerate and fully restore functio...The neuromuscular junction and its proregenerative niche:The mammalian peripheral nervous system,unlike the central nervous system,has preserved throughout evolution the ability to regenerate and fully restore function.Key factors for effective nerve regeneration include a supportive neuronal environment and a coordinated tissue response(Brosius Lutz and Barres,2014).展开更多
目的探讨中学生睡眠质量与心肺耐力的关系,为促进中国青少年身心健康全面发展提供参考。方法于2023年9—12月,在上海、苏州、太原、婺源、兴义、乌鲁木齐分别采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取5713名13~18岁中学生,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表...目的探讨中学生睡眠质量与心肺耐力的关系,为促进中国青少年身心健康全面发展提供参考。方法于2023年9—12月,在上海、苏州、太原、婺源、兴义、乌鲁木齐分别采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取5713名13~18岁中学生,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)结合心肺耐力测试的方法对中学生的睡眠质量和心肺耐力水平进行评估,采用Pearson相关和多元线性回归分析睡眠质量与心肺耐力的关系。结果中学生睡眠质量差的报告率为33.7%(1926/5713),13~18岁女生的PSQI评分均高于男生(χ^(2)值分别为1.60,12.78,15.62,3.04,10.09,13.65,P值均<0.05)。中学生20 m往返跑(20 m SRT)为40(27,51)次,VO2max为46.27(40.84,51.30)mL/(kg·min),各年龄段女生20 m SRT与VO2max均低于男生(Z=-15.27~-6.41,-18.06~-14.07,P值均<0.05)。男生心肺耐力(VO2max)与睡眠时间和催眠药物评分呈负相关(r值分别为-0.032,-0.005),女生VO2max与睡眠时间、日间功能障碍评分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.028,-0.008)(P值均<0.05)。控制相关变量后,线性回归分析显示,中学生PSQI总分与VO2max呈负相关(β=-0.347,P<0.01)。结论中学生睡眠质量越好,心肺耐力水平越高。促进中学生睡眠质量有利于改善其心肺耐力水平。展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence Technology,No.2025ZD0214902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271047,32471054)。
文摘Mammalian fertilization involves the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive system.Early embryonic development is a consequence of several steps and signaling pathways being activated,as well as biochemical and morphological modifications of spermatozoa that enable them to penetrate the membrane of mature oocytes.There are some crucial steps known to clearly explain the process of fertilization,starting with hyperactivation of spermatozoa,mutual recognition,and binding of gametes mediated by receptors located on the surface membranes of both gametes.The final step is followed by oocyte activation,which is primarily triggered via sperm-derived factors,inducing a sharp increase in intracellular calcium levels,eventually leading to polyspermy block.This review integrates current knowledge of the molecular and physiological events governing fertilization,emphasizing how ion regulation and signaling pathways converge to enable sperm function and oocyte activation.Special attention is given to sperm-derived factors such as phospholipase C zeta(PLCζ)and post-acrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein(PAWP),which play essential roles in triggering calcium release and supporting early embryonic development.
基金supported by the Natural Science Founda tion of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0944)。
文摘This study constructs a dual-capacitor neuron circuit(connected via a memristor)integrated with a phototube and a thermistor to simulate the ability of biological neurons to simultaneously perceive light and thermal stimuli.The circuit model converts photothermal signals into electrical signals,and its dynamic behavior is described using dimensionless equations derived from Kirchhoff's laws.Based on Helmholtz's theorem,a pseudo-Hamiltonian energy function is introduced to characterize the system's energy metabolism.Furthermore,an adaptive control function is proposed to elucidate temperature-dependent firing mechanisms,in which temperature dynamics are regulated by pseudo-Hamiltonian energy.Numerical simulations using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method,combined with bifurcation diagrams,Lyapunov exponent spectra,and phase portraits,reveal that parameters such as capacitance ratio,phototube voltage amplitude/frequency,temperature,and thermistor reference resistance significantly modulate neuronal firing patterns,inducing transitions between periodic and chaotic states.Periodic states typically exhibit higher average pseudo-Hamiltonian energy than chaotic states.Two-parameter analysis demonstrates that phototube voltage amplitude and temperature jointly govern firing modes,with chaotic behavior emerging within specific parameter ranges.Adaptive control studies show that gain/attenuation factors,energy thresholds,ceiling temperatures,and initial temperatures regulate the timing and magnitude of system temperature saturation.During both heating and cooling phases,temperature dynamics are tightly coupled with pseudoHamiltonian energy and neuronal firing activity.These findings validate the circuit's ability to simulate photothermal perception and adaptive temperature regulation,contributing to a deeper understanding of neuronal encoding mechanisms and multimodal sensory processing.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.82473887 and 21927808)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Shanghai (No.23DZ2202500)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No.2021-1-I2M-026)。
文摘The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.
文摘Dysregulated inflammation and multi-organ failure are hallmarks of sepsis,a potentially fatal illness for which there are currently no effective treatments.Fatty acid-binding protein(A-FABP)has been identified in recent research as a crucial mediator of the inflammatory pathways underlying sepsis.In this study,we used a murine model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced endotoxemia to assess the therapeutic potential of 6H2,a monoclonal antibody that targets A-FABP.In comparison to untreated septic mice,6H2 treatment significantly increased survival rates,decreased histopathological damage in the liver,lungs,kidneys,and heart,and reduced systemic inflammation.According to biochemical analyses,6H2 treatment decreased circulating levels of A-FABP,and this was associated with a reduction in inflammatory markers.These results indicate that A-FABP inhibition is a potentially effective treatment approach for sepsis,with 6H2 demonstrating strong therapeutic efficacy.
基金supported by the University of Padua(to MR)by the project“RIPANE”of the Italian Ministry of Defense(to CM)by Cariparo Foundation(to CM)。
文摘The neuromuscular junction and its proregenerative niche:The mammalian peripheral nervous system,unlike the central nervous system,has preserved throughout evolution the ability to regenerate and fully restore function.Key factors for effective nerve regeneration include a supportive neuronal environment and a coordinated tissue response(Brosius Lutz and Barres,2014).
文摘目的探讨中学生睡眠质量与心肺耐力的关系,为促进中国青少年身心健康全面发展提供参考。方法于2023年9—12月,在上海、苏州、太原、婺源、兴义、乌鲁木齐分别采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取5713名13~18岁中学生,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)结合心肺耐力测试的方法对中学生的睡眠质量和心肺耐力水平进行评估,采用Pearson相关和多元线性回归分析睡眠质量与心肺耐力的关系。结果中学生睡眠质量差的报告率为33.7%(1926/5713),13~18岁女生的PSQI评分均高于男生(χ^(2)值分别为1.60,12.78,15.62,3.04,10.09,13.65,P值均<0.05)。中学生20 m往返跑(20 m SRT)为40(27,51)次,VO2max为46.27(40.84,51.30)mL/(kg·min),各年龄段女生20 m SRT与VO2max均低于男生(Z=-15.27~-6.41,-18.06~-14.07,P值均<0.05)。男生心肺耐力(VO2max)与睡眠时间和催眠药物评分呈负相关(r值分别为-0.032,-0.005),女生VO2max与睡眠时间、日间功能障碍评分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.028,-0.008)(P值均<0.05)。控制相关变量后,线性回归分析显示,中学生PSQI总分与VO2max呈负相关(β=-0.347,P<0.01)。结论中学生睡眠质量越好,心肺耐力水平越高。促进中学生睡眠质量有利于改善其心肺耐力水平。
