人类起源及演化与地球系统环境演化相互关联的科学研究不仅是传统第四纪研究的关键内容之一,也是当今宜居地球研究的首要问题。文章回顾了黄土高原及邻近地区第四纪地层中发现的重要古人类遗存(包括古人类化石和旧石器)的主要成就,阐述...人类起源及演化与地球系统环境演化相互关联的科学研究不仅是传统第四纪研究的关键内容之一,也是当今宜居地球研究的首要问题。文章回顾了黄土高原及邻近地区第四纪地层中发现的重要古人类遗存(包括古人类化石和旧石器)的主要成就,阐述了前人提出的“黄土石器工业”和“黄土地质考古带”研究思路的萌生和发展历程,介绍了学者们运用黄土-古土壤序列对第四纪不同类型沉积物中埋藏的古人类遗存研究的概况。在此基础上,根据前人的大量资料以及笔者自身数十年积累的第一手调查研究数据,提出了一种新的科学思路:针对“全球变化”研究中的薄弱环节,运用独一无二的中国黄土连续序列的“地圈”优势,去寻找“生物圈”古人类活动的连续“序列性”踪迹,研究古气候古环境演化对古人类生存环境的制约及其反馈等重大科学问题。以新的思路和科学问题为宗旨,运用黄土-古土壤序列标准年代框架标尺,以蓝田地区上陈、公王岭、陈家窝、吉家湾-甘峪-刁寨剖面的含石器或古人类化石的26个黄土-古土壤组合旋回(其中包括21个古土壤层和15个黄土层)为基础数据,初步构建了一个年代大约2.12~0.01 Ma B. P.的较高分辨率的古人类古文化演化序列——“黄土-古土壤-古人类遗存序列”框架,期望为人类演化和黄土环境研究拓展新路。展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION.The Asian drylands,encompassing the northern East Asian monsoon region(NMA),the westerlies-dominated arid central Asia(ACA)and arid west Asia(AWA),are ecologically fragile areas and among the most sensi...0 INTRODUCTION.The Asian drylands,encompassing the northern East Asian monsoon region(NMA),the westerlies-dominated arid central Asia(ACA)and arid west Asia(AWA),are ecologically fragile areas and among the most sensitive regions to global change.These regions are significant dust sources of the Northern Hemisphere(e.g.,Uno et al.,2009),playing a vital role in global climate change and marine biogeochemical cycles.展开更多
1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions...1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.Research in arid regions emphasize particularly on the arid-region-characterized physical.展开更多
Aim&Scope:Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the wo...Aim&Scope:Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world.JMS mainly publishes academic and technical papers concerning environmental changes and sustainable development in mountain areas under natural conditions or/and with the influence of human activities.It also accepts book reviews,commentary,and reports on mountain research and introductions to mountain research organizations.展开更多
Tropical mountain peatlands in Brazil’s Southern Espinhaço Range are vital ecosystems,acting as carbon reservoirs,hydrological buffers,and biodiversity hotspots while sustaining traditional livelihoods and prese...Tropical mountain peatlands in Brazil’s Southern Espinhaço Range are vital ecosystems,acting as carbon reservoirs,hydrological buffers,and biodiversity hotspots while sustaining traditional livelihoods and preserving paleoenvironmental records.Despite their importance,peatlands outside protected areas face degradation by grazing and fires,threatening their ability to regulate ecosystem processes sensitive to temperature,such as greenhouse gas emissions,water cycling,biological activity,and organic matter decomposition.Since 2016,we have monitored peat temperatures in two contrasting peatlands–one preserved(within a protected area)and one disturbed(outside the protected area)–to understand how anthropogenic disturbances and climate variability impact these fragile ecosystems.Seasonal patterns dominated temperature variation,accounting for 60% of air and 81%–92% of peatland temperature variation.However,average temperatures and amplitudes differed between peatlands and depths.Interannual variability revealed stronger trends in the disturbed peatland,where a 1℃ increase in air temperature caused the trend to increase 0.70℃–0.87℃ on average at depths of 0.85 m–0.92 m.By contrast,the preserved peatland showed smaller increases(0.20℃–0.24℃)at comparable depths(1.06 m–1.24 m),suggesting a greater resilience.Temperature variation in the monitored peatlands was majorly driven by seasonal patterns,as revealed by time series decomposition and sinewave fit.Average temperature and amplitude varied between the two peatlands and among sampling sites,reflecting differences in environmental conditions and measurement depth.Interannual variability also exhibited distinct effects between peatlands and monitoring sites.The time series trend component showed more pronounced fluctuations at shallower depths and in the disturbed peatland.For every 1℃ increase in the trend component of the air temperature,the trend component of the peatland time series increased by 0.70℃ and 0.87℃on average at depths of 0.85 m and 0.92 m,respectively,in the disturbed peatland.In contrast,the preserved peatland exhibited smaller increases of 0.20℃ and 0.24℃ at comparable depths(1.06 m and 1.24 m).These findings highlight the potential for feedback responses between peatland disturbance and climate change,threatening their critical role in regulating carbon and water cycles.Expanding long-term monitoring,strengthening conservation efforts,and raising public awareness are essential to safeguard the ecosystem services provided by tropical mountain peatlands.展开更多
生态敏感性评价是分析区域稳定性的重要手段,可为沙漠地区开展分区治沙工作提供技术支持。以乌兰布和沙漠为研究地,选取高程、坡度、坡向、植被覆盖度、土地荒漠化、土地覆盖利用6个因子构建乌兰布和沙漠生态敏感性评价体系,基于层次分...生态敏感性评价是分析区域稳定性的重要手段,可为沙漠地区开展分区治沙工作提供技术支持。以乌兰布和沙漠为研究地,选取高程、坡度、坡向、植被覆盖度、土地荒漠化、土地覆盖利用6个因子构建乌兰布和沙漠生态敏感性评价体系,基于层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process,AHP)及地理信息系统(Greographic information system,GIS)技术开展生态敏感性分析与评价,共分成5类敏感性等级。结果表明:乌兰布和沙漠整体生态敏感性较低,且呈现出自西向东逐渐增强的规律,植被覆盖度是影响其分布的主要因子,其次为土地覆盖利用;轻度敏感占53.12%,其次为不敏感,占34.44%,中度、高度和极度敏感占比依次为8.70%、2.50%和1.24%;高敏感地区主要分布在东北和东南部,与水体、植被和人类活动程度分布趋势相似。研究结果有望对乌兰布和沙漠地区因地制宜开展防沙治沙工作提供一定参考。展开更多
文摘人类起源及演化与地球系统环境演化相互关联的科学研究不仅是传统第四纪研究的关键内容之一,也是当今宜居地球研究的首要问题。文章回顾了黄土高原及邻近地区第四纪地层中发现的重要古人类遗存(包括古人类化石和旧石器)的主要成就,阐述了前人提出的“黄土石器工业”和“黄土地质考古带”研究思路的萌生和发展历程,介绍了学者们运用黄土-古土壤序列对第四纪不同类型沉积物中埋藏的古人类遗存研究的概况。在此基础上,根据前人的大量资料以及笔者自身数十年积累的第一手调查研究数据,提出了一种新的科学思路:针对“全球变化”研究中的薄弱环节,运用独一无二的中国黄土连续序列的“地圈”优势,去寻找“生物圈”古人类活动的连续“序列性”踪迹,研究古气候古环境演化对古人类生存环境的制约及其反馈等重大科学问题。以新的思路和科学问题为宗旨,运用黄土-古土壤序列标准年代框架标尺,以蓝田地区上陈、公王岭、陈家窝、吉家湾-甘峪-刁寨剖面的含石器或古人类化石的26个黄土-古土壤组合旋回(其中包括21个古土壤层和15个黄土层)为基础数据,初步构建了一个年代大约2.12~0.01 Ma B. P.的较高分辨率的古人类古文化演化序列——“黄土-古土壤-古人类遗存序列”框架,期望为人类演化和黄土环境研究拓展新路。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42261144670,423B2103)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION.The Asian drylands,encompassing the northern East Asian monsoon region(NMA),the westerlies-dominated arid central Asia(ACA)and arid west Asia(AWA),are ecologically fragile areas and among the most sensitive regions to global change.These regions are significant dust sources of the Northern Hemisphere(e.g.,Uno et al.,2009),playing a vital role in global climate change and marine biogeochemical cycles.
文摘1.Aims and scope The international journal Research in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions engineering and technology.Research in arid regions emphasize particularly on the arid-region-characterized physical.
文摘Aim&Scope:Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world.JMS mainly publishes academic and technical papers concerning environmental changes and sustainable development in mountain areas under natural conditions or/and with the influence of human activities.It also accepts book reviews,commentary,and reports on mountain research and introductions to mountain research organizations.
基金This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa-CNPq(study and research grants and research funding-Process 303666/2018-8,408162/2018-0,441335/2020-9,302969/2021-7,and 50484/2022-4)Fundacao de ApoioaPesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais-FAPEMIG(study grants and research funding-Process CRA/APQ 0100-18,APQ-03364-21 and CAG/PPM 00568-16).
文摘Tropical mountain peatlands in Brazil’s Southern Espinhaço Range are vital ecosystems,acting as carbon reservoirs,hydrological buffers,and biodiversity hotspots while sustaining traditional livelihoods and preserving paleoenvironmental records.Despite their importance,peatlands outside protected areas face degradation by grazing and fires,threatening their ability to regulate ecosystem processes sensitive to temperature,such as greenhouse gas emissions,water cycling,biological activity,and organic matter decomposition.Since 2016,we have monitored peat temperatures in two contrasting peatlands–one preserved(within a protected area)and one disturbed(outside the protected area)–to understand how anthropogenic disturbances and climate variability impact these fragile ecosystems.Seasonal patterns dominated temperature variation,accounting for 60% of air and 81%–92% of peatland temperature variation.However,average temperatures and amplitudes differed between peatlands and depths.Interannual variability revealed stronger trends in the disturbed peatland,where a 1℃ increase in air temperature caused the trend to increase 0.70℃–0.87℃ on average at depths of 0.85 m–0.92 m.By contrast,the preserved peatland showed smaller increases(0.20℃–0.24℃)at comparable depths(1.06 m–1.24 m),suggesting a greater resilience.Temperature variation in the monitored peatlands was majorly driven by seasonal patterns,as revealed by time series decomposition and sinewave fit.Average temperature and amplitude varied between the two peatlands and among sampling sites,reflecting differences in environmental conditions and measurement depth.Interannual variability also exhibited distinct effects between peatlands and monitoring sites.The time series trend component showed more pronounced fluctuations at shallower depths and in the disturbed peatland.For every 1℃ increase in the trend component of the air temperature,the trend component of the peatland time series increased by 0.70℃ and 0.87℃on average at depths of 0.85 m and 0.92 m,respectively,in the disturbed peatland.In contrast,the preserved peatland exhibited smaller increases of 0.20℃ and 0.24℃ at comparable depths(1.06 m and 1.24 m).These findings highlight the potential for feedback responses between peatland disturbance and climate change,threatening their critical role in regulating carbon and water cycles.Expanding long-term monitoring,strengthening conservation efforts,and raising public awareness are essential to safeguard the ecosystem services provided by tropical mountain peatlands.
文摘生态敏感性评价是分析区域稳定性的重要手段,可为沙漠地区开展分区治沙工作提供技术支持。以乌兰布和沙漠为研究地,选取高程、坡度、坡向、植被覆盖度、土地荒漠化、土地覆盖利用6个因子构建乌兰布和沙漠生态敏感性评价体系,基于层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process,AHP)及地理信息系统(Greographic information system,GIS)技术开展生态敏感性分析与评价,共分成5类敏感性等级。结果表明:乌兰布和沙漠整体生态敏感性较低,且呈现出自西向东逐渐增强的规律,植被覆盖度是影响其分布的主要因子,其次为土地覆盖利用;轻度敏感占53.12%,其次为不敏感,占34.44%,中度、高度和极度敏感占比依次为8.70%、2.50%和1.24%;高敏感地区主要分布在东北和东南部,与水体、植被和人类活动程度分布趋势相似。研究结果有望对乌兰布和沙漠地区因地制宜开展防沙治沙工作提供一定参考。
