Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying...Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying temperature conditions.Specifically,while the RO system performs well under high temperatures,its efficiency decreases sharply at lower temperatures.Membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI)is considered as an emergent and promising technology for brackish water desalination.While plenty of studies have been devoted to investigating the impacts of raw water properties(e.g.,salinity,coexisting ions,and natural organic matter)on MCDI performance,the role of water temperatures during the desalination remains under-explored.In this study,we first tested and determined the optimized MCDI operation parameters,such as the cell voltage and feedwater flow rate.Key findings showed that MCDI’s salt removal efficiency remains unaffected by feedwater temperature fluctuations.However,as feedwater temperature increases from 15℃to 40℃,the specific energy consumption for desalination slightly rises by 16.3%,and current efficiency drops by 14.1%.Compared to RO systems,the resilience of MCDI to temperature fluctuations makes it a preferable choice for brackish water treatment in areas with a large temperature difference.展开更多
Sustainable water,energy and food(WEF)supplies are the bedrock upon which human society depends.Solar-driven interfacial evaporation,combined with electricity generation and cultivation,is a promising approach to miti...Sustainable water,energy and food(WEF)supplies are the bedrock upon which human society depends.Solar-driven interfacial evaporation,combined with electricity generation and cultivation,is a promising approach to mitigate the freshwater,energy and food crises.However,the performance of solar-driven systems decreases significantly during operation due to uncontrollable weather.This study proposes an integrated water/electricity cogeneration-cultivation system with superior thermal management.The energy storage evaporator,consisting of energy storage microcapsules/hydrogel composites,is optimally designed for sustainable desalination,achieving an evaporation rate of around 1.91 kg m^(-2)h^(-1).In the dark,heat released from the phase-change layer supported an evaporation rate of around 0.54kg m^(-2)h^(-1).Reverse electrodialysis harnessed the salinity-gradient energy enhanced during desalination,enabling the long-running WEC system to achieve a power output of~0.3 W m^(-2),which was almost three times higher than that of conventional seawater/surface water mixing.Additionally,an integrated crop irrigation platform utilized system drainage for real-time,on-demand wheat cultivation without secondary contaminants,facilitating seamless WEF integration.This work presents a novel approach to all-day solar water production,electricity generation and crop irrigation,offering a solution and blueprint for the sustainable development of WEF.展开更多
Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions...Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions.Zwitterionic polymers offer promising nonfouling capabilities,but current zwitterionic hydrogel-based solar evaporators(HSEs)suffer from inadequate hydration and salt vulnerability.Inspired by the natural marine environmental adaptive characteristics of saltwater fish,we report a superhydrated zwitterionic poly(trimethylamine N-oxide,PTMAO)/polyacrylamide(PAAm)/polypyrrole(PPy)hydrogel(PTAP)with dedicated water channels for efficient,durable,and nonfouling SID.The directly linked N⁺and O⁻groups in PTMAO establish a robust hydration shell that facilitates rapid water transport while resisting salt and microbial adhesion.Integrated PAAm and PPy networks enhance mechanical strength and photothermal conversion.PTAP achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.35 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 kW m^(–2)in 10 wt%NaCl solution,maintaining stable operation over 100 h without salt accumulation.Furthermore,PTAP effectively resists various foulants including proteins,bacterial,and algal adhesion.Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the exceptional hydration capacity supports its nonfouling properties.This work advances the development of nonfouling HSEs for sustainable solar desalination in real-world marine environments.展开更多
While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfa...While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.展开更多
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation presents a promising approach to address global freshwater scarcity.Current challenges in photothermal membrane design lie in achieving concurrent optimization of high solar absorp...Solar-driven interfacial evaporation presents a promising approach to address global freshwater scarcity.Current challenges in photothermal membrane design lie in achieving concurrent optimization of high solar absorption,low thermal conductivity,and water transport,where existing materials fail to establish effective“water-heat-salt”synergistic regulation at the evaporation interface.This study develops a seamlessly integrated Janus membrane through growing hydrophilic Cu_(2−x)S nanostructure on a hydrophobic carbon cloth substrate with carbon black coating(CB/CC).By precisely engineering the submicron pore architecture within the Cu_(2−x)S layer,we established a synergistic optimization mechanism for interfacial water transport,heat management,and salt rejection.The resulting Janus membrane demonstrates a high evaporation rate of 2.22 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 sun with an energy efficiency of about 88.4%.Notably,the system maintains stable operation in hypersaline environments(20 wt%NaCl)and achieves continuous 5-h salt-resistant evaporation.Moreover,the Janus membranes can effectively purify various industrial wastewater,including acidic,alkaline,and organic pollutants.This study provides a new strategy for developing high-efficiency portable desalination systems through interfacial engineering of pore architecture.展开更多
The increasing scarcity of freshwater resources has driven the rapid emergence of solar-driven interfacial evaporators(SDIEs)as a sustainable approach to harvest fresh water by utilizing solar energy.Lignocellulosic b...The increasing scarcity of freshwater resources has driven the rapid emergence of solar-driven interfacial evaporators(SDIEs)as a sustainable approach to harvest fresh water by utilizing solar energy.Lignocellulosic biomass,featuring natural abundance,excellent renewability,unique natural structures,and superior biodegradability compared to the synthetic polymers,is highly attractive for constructing solar steam generators.This review aims to offer an innovative and in-depth insight into designing and optimizing highperformance integrated solar interfacial evaporators derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass.First,the structural characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass are briefly introduced,serving as photothermal layer or supporting substrates in SDIEs.Secondly,the fabrication methods and processing technologies of lignocellulosic biomass-based evaporators are summarized from the perspective of photothermal layer and supporting substrates.Next,the most recent advances of regulation and optimization strategies are proposed to improve evaporation efficiency.Subsequently,this review summarizes the diverse functionalities of SDIEs,including desalination,power generation,wastewater treatment and antimicrobial,atmospheric water harvesting,and photocatalytic hydrogen production.Finally,the challenges in this field and outlook on the future development are discussed,which are anticipated to provide new opportunities for the advancement of lignocellulosic biomass-based SDIEs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52370090,52300016)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M733379,2024M753122).
文摘Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying temperature conditions.Specifically,while the RO system performs well under high temperatures,its efficiency decreases sharply at lower temperatures.Membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI)is considered as an emergent and promising technology for brackish water desalination.While plenty of studies have been devoted to investigating the impacts of raw water properties(e.g.,salinity,coexisting ions,and natural organic matter)on MCDI performance,the role of water temperatures during the desalination remains under-explored.In this study,we first tested and determined the optimized MCDI operation parameters,such as the cell voltage and feedwater flow rate.Key findings showed that MCDI’s salt removal efficiency remains unaffected by feedwater temperature fluctuations.However,as feedwater temperature increases from 15℃to 40℃,the specific energy consumption for desalination slightly rises by 16.3%,and current efficiency drops by 14.1%.Compared to RO systems,the resilience of MCDI to temperature fluctuations makes it a preferable choice for brackish water treatment in areas with a large temperature difference.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52070057)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730855)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(No.LBH-Z22183)for financial support。
文摘Sustainable water,energy and food(WEF)supplies are the bedrock upon which human society depends.Solar-driven interfacial evaporation,combined with electricity generation and cultivation,is a promising approach to mitigate the freshwater,energy and food crises.However,the performance of solar-driven systems decreases significantly during operation due to uncontrollable weather.This study proposes an integrated water/electricity cogeneration-cultivation system with superior thermal management.The energy storage evaporator,consisting of energy storage microcapsules/hydrogel composites,is optimally designed for sustainable desalination,achieving an evaporation rate of around 1.91 kg m^(-2)h^(-1).In the dark,heat released from the phase-change layer supported an evaporation rate of around 0.54kg m^(-2)h^(-1).Reverse electrodialysis harnessed the salinity-gradient energy enhanced during desalination,enabling the long-running WEC system to achieve a power output of~0.3 W m^(-2),which was almost three times higher than that of conventional seawater/surface water mixing.Additionally,an integrated crop irrigation platform utilized system drainage for real-time,on-demand wheat cultivation without secondary contaminants,facilitating seamless WEF integration.This work presents a novel approach to all-day solar water production,electricity generation and crop irrigation,offering a solution and blueprint for the sustainable development of WEF.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209036,U23A20119)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Excellent Youth Project(E2023202069)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF0506000,2024YFB4609100)Fundamental Research Foundation from Hebei University of Technology(424132016,282021485).
文摘Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions.Zwitterionic polymers offer promising nonfouling capabilities,but current zwitterionic hydrogel-based solar evaporators(HSEs)suffer from inadequate hydration and salt vulnerability.Inspired by the natural marine environmental adaptive characteristics of saltwater fish,we report a superhydrated zwitterionic poly(trimethylamine N-oxide,PTMAO)/polyacrylamide(PAAm)/polypyrrole(PPy)hydrogel(PTAP)with dedicated water channels for efficient,durable,and nonfouling SID.The directly linked N⁺and O⁻groups in PTMAO establish a robust hydration shell that facilitates rapid water transport while resisting salt and microbial adhesion.Integrated PAAm and PPy networks enhance mechanical strength and photothermal conversion.PTAP achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.35 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 kW m^(–2)in 10 wt%NaCl solution,maintaining stable operation over 100 h without salt accumulation.Furthermore,PTAP effectively resists various foulants including proteins,bacterial,and algal adhesion.Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the exceptional hydration capacity supports its nonfouling properties.This work advances the development of nonfouling HSEs for sustainable solar desalination in real-world marine environments.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804902,2022YFB3804900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203226,52161145406,42376045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232024Y-01,2232025D-02).
文摘While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075309)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities(21JP021).
文摘Solar-driven interfacial evaporation presents a promising approach to address global freshwater scarcity.Current challenges in photothermal membrane design lie in achieving concurrent optimization of high solar absorption,low thermal conductivity,and water transport,where existing materials fail to establish effective“water-heat-salt”synergistic regulation at the evaporation interface.This study develops a seamlessly integrated Janus membrane through growing hydrophilic Cu_(2−x)S nanostructure on a hydrophobic carbon cloth substrate with carbon black coating(CB/CC).By precisely engineering the submicron pore architecture within the Cu_(2−x)S layer,we established a synergistic optimization mechanism for interfacial water transport,heat management,and salt rejection.The resulting Janus membrane demonstrates a high evaporation rate of 2.22 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 sun with an energy efficiency of about 88.4%.Notably,the system maintains stable operation in hypersaline environments(20 wt%NaCl)and achieves continuous 5-h salt-resistant evaporation.Moreover,the Janus membranes can effectively purify various industrial wastewater,including acidic,alkaline,and organic pollutants.This study provides a new strategy for developing high-efficiency portable desalination systems through interfacial engineering of pore architecture.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(224708046,22508229,22278049)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)+1 种基金Xingliao Talent Program-Young Top Talent(XLYC2403126)Liaoning Provincial Basic Scientific Research Project for Higher Education(LJ212510152013)。
文摘The increasing scarcity of freshwater resources has driven the rapid emergence of solar-driven interfacial evaporators(SDIEs)as a sustainable approach to harvest fresh water by utilizing solar energy.Lignocellulosic biomass,featuring natural abundance,excellent renewability,unique natural structures,and superior biodegradability compared to the synthetic polymers,is highly attractive for constructing solar steam generators.This review aims to offer an innovative and in-depth insight into designing and optimizing highperformance integrated solar interfacial evaporators derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass.First,the structural characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass are briefly introduced,serving as photothermal layer or supporting substrates in SDIEs.Secondly,the fabrication methods and processing technologies of lignocellulosic biomass-based evaporators are summarized from the perspective of photothermal layer and supporting substrates.Next,the most recent advances of regulation and optimization strategies are proposed to improve evaporation efficiency.Subsequently,this review summarizes the diverse functionalities of SDIEs,including desalination,power generation,wastewater treatment and antimicrobial,atmospheric water harvesting,and photocatalytic hydrogen production.Finally,the challenges in this field and outlook on the future development are discussed,which are anticipated to provide new opportunities for the advancement of lignocellulosic biomass-based SDIEs.
