Explosive cyclones(ECs) are rapidly intensifying subtropical cyclones that can develop within a short time and pose considerable threats to coastal areas in middle and high latitudes.Gaining a comprehensive understand...Explosive cyclones(ECs) are rapidly intensifying subtropical cyclones that can develop within a short time and pose considerable threats to coastal areas in middle and high latitudes.Gaining a comprehensive understanding of their formation,evolution,and mechanisms of explosive development is essential for improving forecasts of extreme weather events and mitigating associated impacts.Potential vorticity(PV),which is closely related to cyclone dynamics,serves as a valuable diagnostic tool in the study of ECs.In this study,two wintertime ECs of differing intensity over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean are analyzed to examine how different atmospheric processes influence PV generation and the rapid development of ECs.The maximum deepening rates of the two ECs are 2.81 Bergeron(called EC1) and 1.52 Bergeron(referred to as EC2).Results indicate that different stages of EC evolution are closely associated with PV tendency changes at different atmospheric levels.Using the PV tendency equation,during the explosive development of EC1,latent heat release may trigger the downward propagation of upper-level PV.For EC2,latent heat release notably enhances low-level PV,directly contributing to its rapid intensification.To validate these findings,sensitivity tests are conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model,with latent heat release turned off in the microphysical scheme for both cases.The results confirm the crucial role of latent heat release in generating low-level PV,further revealing that latent heat release contributes more to the explosive development of EC2 than that of EC1.展开更多
采用1958～2002年海洋同化资料SODA（Simple Ocean Data Assimilation）的海温场，定义了东印度洋。西太平洋永久性暖池（简称印．太暖池）指数，即不随季节变化的27．5℃等温面所包含的〉27．5℃的暖水体积或强度，并采用功率谱和小波...采用1958～2002年海洋同化资料SODA（Simple Ocean Data Assimilation）的海温场，定义了东印度洋。西太平洋永久性暖池（简称印．太暖池）指数，即不随季节变化的27．5℃等温面所包含的〉27．5℃的暖水体积或强度，并采用功率谱和小波分析的方法研究了其周期变化特征。结果表明，印度洋暖池和西太平洋暖池均具有显著的准10a的周期振荡和1976～1986年前后的年代际突变特征，暖池由1976年前的“冷”暖池转变为1986年后的“热”暖池；暖池指数的季节循环也存在显著的年代际突变特征，特别是西太平洋暖池在异常暖年代其季节变化还呈现出明显的增暖趋势；暖池三维结构的年代际变化主要表现为在暖年代热带南印度洋暖水的向西向南扩张和西太平洋暖池东边界的向东及北边界的向北扩张，暖异常主要分布在60m以浅的上混合层中暖池的东边界区域，而其下面的温跃层内则为更强的异常降温，垂向上表现出上暖下冷的斜压模态结构，而温跃层和混合层深度的变化在不同暖池区则有不同的特点，表明东印度洋暖池和西太平洋暖池的年代际变化可能由不同的机制引起，尚需进一步分析其海洋动力学和热力学过程。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFC3004204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42275001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2022MD038)。
文摘Explosive cyclones(ECs) are rapidly intensifying subtropical cyclones that can develop within a short time and pose considerable threats to coastal areas in middle and high latitudes.Gaining a comprehensive understanding of their formation,evolution,and mechanisms of explosive development is essential for improving forecasts of extreme weather events and mitigating associated impacts.Potential vorticity(PV),which is closely related to cyclone dynamics,serves as a valuable diagnostic tool in the study of ECs.In this study,two wintertime ECs of differing intensity over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean are analyzed to examine how different atmospheric processes influence PV generation and the rapid development of ECs.The maximum deepening rates of the two ECs are 2.81 Bergeron(called EC1) and 1.52 Bergeron(referred to as EC2).Results indicate that different stages of EC evolution are closely associated with PV tendency changes at different atmospheric levels.Using the PV tendency equation,during the explosive development of EC1,latent heat release may trigger the downward propagation of upper-level PV.For EC2,latent heat release notably enhances low-level PV,directly contributing to its rapid intensification.To validate these findings,sensitivity tests are conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model,with latent heat release turned off in the microphysical scheme for both cases.The results confirm the crucial role of latent heat release in generating low-level PV,further revealing that latent heat release contributes more to the explosive development of EC2 than that of EC1.
文摘采用1958～2002年海洋同化资料SODA（Simple Ocean Data Assimilation）的海温场，定义了东印度洋。西太平洋永久性暖池（简称印．太暖池）指数，即不随季节变化的27．5℃等温面所包含的〉27．5℃的暖水体积或强度，并采用功率谱和小波分析的方法研究了其周期变化特征。结果表明，印度洋暖池和西太平洋暖池均具有显著的准10a的周期振荡和1976～1986年前后的年代际突变特征，暖池由1976年前的“冷”暖池转变为1986年后的“热”暖池；暖池指数的季节循环也存在显著的年代际突变特征，特别是西太平洋暖池在异常暖年代其季节变化还呈现出明显的增暖趋势；暖池三维结构的年代际变化主要表现为在暖年代热带南印度洋暖水的向西向南扩张和西太平洋暖池东边界的向东及北边界的向北扩张，暖异常主要分布在60m以浅的上混合层中暖池的东边界区域，而其下面的温跃层内则为更强的异常降温，垂向上表现出上暖下冷的斜压模态结构，而温跃层和混合层深度的变化在不同暖池区则有不同的特点，表明东印度洋暖池和西太平洋暖池的年代际变化可能由不同的机制引起，尚需进一步分析其海洋动力学和热力学过程。
