In 2025,the global rare earth exploration and development sector achieved breakthroughs across multiple fronts.Projects advanced intensively across the Americas,Oceania,Africa,and Europe,with significant growth in res...In 2025,the global rare earth exploration and development sector achieved breakthroughs across multiple fronts.Projects advanced intensively across the Americas,Oceania,Africa,and Europe,with significant growth in resources,continuous emergence of new deposits,and strong impetus injected into the industry by technological innovation and policy support.The global rare earth resource supply pattern was further optimized (Table 1).1.Fruitful results in resource growth and new deposit discoveriesBrazil emerged as a core region for resource growth.The Colossus rare earth deposit saw a 150%increase in resources and announced its first reserve estimate.The Caldeira rare earth deposit’s resource estimate grew by 50%.The combined ore resources in the Caladão rare earth deposit’s Zones A and B reached 5.72×10~8 tonnes,with a total rare earth oxide(TREO) grade of 0.1506%,concurrently hosting 2.29×10~4tonnes of gallium metal resources.展开更多
Strontianite-rich carbonatite,containing over 30 vol%carbonate minerals predominantly composed of strontianite(SrCO3),is identified in the Zhengjialiangzi ore segment of the Muluozhai rare earth element(REE)deposit,we...Strontianite-rich carbonatite,containing over 30 vol%carbonate minerals predominantly composed of strontianite(SrCO3),is identified in the Zhengjialiangzi ore segment of the Muluozhai rare earth element(REE)deposit,western Sichuan Province,China.It exhibits a unique mineral assemblage dominated by strontianite,fluorite,bastnäsite,barite,calcite and dolomite,distinguishing it from conventional calcio-,magnesio-,ferro-,or natro-carbonatites.The rock shows extreme enrichment in REEs(ΣREE=47335-64367 ppm),with strong LREE/HREE fractionation[(La/Yb)N=1151-2119]and notably high concentrations of high-value critical REEs(e.g.,Pr,Nd,Tb,Dy),5-10 times greater than those in local calcite-dominated carbonatites.Trace element patterns indicate significant enrichment in REEs,Sr,and Ba,along with depletion in high-field-strength elements(HFSEs;e.g.,Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf).In-situ Sr isotopes of strontianite[(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i=0.706190-0.707305]indicate an enriched mantle source(EMI-EMII).Sr enrichment is attributed to initial mantle source enrichment and extensive fractional crystallization,possibly accompanied by minor wall-rock assimilation.We propose that the strontianite-rich carbonatite formed from a highly evolved,Sr-and REEs-rich carbonatitic magma that intruded into shallow structural breccias,followed by rapid cooling.Its formation is associated with a continuous melt-fluid evolutionary process that is characteristic of carbonatitic systems.展开更多
文摘In 2025,the global rare earth exploration and development sector achieved breakthroughs across multiple fronts.Projects advanced intensively across the Americas,Oceania,Africa,and Europe,with significant growth in resources,continuous emergence of new deposits,and strong impetus injected into the industry by technological innovation and policy support.The global rare earth resource supply pattern was further optimized (Table 1).1.Fruitful results in resource growth and new deposit discoveriesBrazil emerged as a core region for resource growth.The Colossus rare earth deposit saw a 150%increase in resources and announced its first reserve estimate.The Caldeira rare earth deposit’s resource estimate grew by 50%.The combined ore resources in the Caladão rare earth deposit’s Zones A and B reached 5.72×10~8 tonnes,with a total rare earth oxide(TREO) grade of 0.1506%,concurrently hosting 2.29×10~4tonnes of gallium metal resources.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42203073 and 41472072)Basic Scientific Research Fund of the Institute of Geology,CAGS(Grant No.J2317)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2023NSFSC0272).
文摘Strontianite-rich carbonatite,containing over 30 vol%carbonate minerals predominantly composed of strontianite(SrCO3),is identified in the Zhengjialiangzi ore segment of the Muluozhai rare earth element(REE)deposit,western Sichuan Province,China.It exhibits a unique mineral assemblage dominated by strontianite,fluorite,bastnäsite,barite,calcite and dolomite,distinguishing it from conventional calcio-,magnesio-,ferro-,or natro-carbonatites.The rock shows extreme enrichment in REEs(ΣREE=47335-64367 ppm),with strong LREE/HREE fractionation[(La/Yb)N=1151-2119]and notably high concentrations of high-value critical REEs(e.g.,Pr,Nd,Tb,Dy),5-10 times greater than those in local calcite-dominated carbonatites.Trace element patterns indicate significant enrichment in REEs,Sr,and Ba,along with depletion in high-field-strength elements(HFSEs;e.g.,Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf).In-situ Sr isotopes of strontianite[(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i=0.706190-0.707305]indicate an enriched mantle source(EMI-EMII).Sr enrichment is attributed to initial mantle source enrichment and extensive fractional crystallization,possibly accompanied by minor wall-rock assimilation.We propose that the strontianite-rich carbonatite formed from a highly evolved,Sr-and REEs-rich carbonatitic magma that intruded into shallow structural breccias,followed by rapid cooling.Its formation is associated with a continuous melt-fluid evolutionary process that is characteristic of carbonatitic systems.
