Debate has persisted over whether the metamorphic basement of the Zhoushan Islands,easternmost Cathaysia Block,is Precambrian.Here,representative metamorphic rocks from the Qushan Islands were investigated using petro...Debate has persisted over whether the metamorphic basement of the Zhoushan Islands,easternmost Cathaysia Block,is Precambrian.Here,representative metamorphic rocks from the Qushan Islands were investigated using petrography,mineral chemistry,phase equilibria modeling and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating to constrain their metamorphic evolution and tectonic significance.Both the pelitic granulites(garnet-kyanite-perthite-biotite-quartz)and the mafic granulites(garnet-clinopyroxene-amphibole-plagioclase-quartz)reached high-pressure granulite-facies conditions of 1.2-1.4 GPa/820-900℃,and recorded three metamorphic stages along a clockwise P-T path with post-peak isothermal decompression.This trajectory indicated rapid exhumation of thickened continental crust during collisional orogeny.Metamorphic ages of 254±3 Ma,262±4 Ma and 259±3 Ma were obtained for mafic granulite,pelitic granulite and marble,respectively,and were consistent with the emplacement age of 259±4 Ma for a pegmatite vein.Detrital zircons in metasediments spanned 2706-330 Ma,which constrained the latest deposition to~330 Ma;thus represented mid-Paleozoic sediment metamorphosed during the late Paleozoic rather than Precambrian basement.We conclude that the Indosinian tectonothermal event in the Cathaysia Block had originated from late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic collisional orogeny between the South China Plate to the north and the Indochina Block to the south.展开更多
The Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt within the North China Craton had undergone a complex tectonic evolution,marked by extensive Paleoproterozoic magmatism that produced a diverse range of mafic to felsic magmatic rocks.These event...The Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt within the North China Craton had undergone a complex tectonic evolution,marked by extensive Paleoproterozoic magmatism that produced a diverse range of mafic to felsic magmatic rocks.These events provide valuable geological records for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt.This study focuses on the Paleoproterozoic Chibaisong meta-gabbro in southern Jilin,investigating the source of mafic magma,petrogenesis,and tectonic setting through systematic petrological analysis,zircon U-Pb dating,and geochemical studies.The findings contribute to constraining the dynamic mechanisms of Paleoproterozoic extensional rifting in the Jiao-Liao-Ji orogenic belt.Geochemical data indicate that the samples exhibit low SiO₂(47.99–50.66 wt.%),TiO₂(0.75–3.20 wt.%),Nb(3.22–8.09 ppm),and Ta(0.22–0.51 ppm)contents,along with high TFeO₃(11.97–15.82 wt.%)and MgO(5.67–12.66 wt.%)concentrations.They also show low Nb/La ratios and high(Th/Nb)N values,consistent with the geochemical characteristics of tholeiitic basalts.The samples display low total rare earth element concentrations,weak or absent Eu anomalies,slight enrichment in light rare earth elements,relatively flat heavy rare earth element patterns,and depletion in Nb,Ta,and Ti.The meta-gabbro from southern Jilin exhibits geochemical similarities to Paleoproterozoic metamafic rocks from other regions of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt,resembling enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts(E-MORB)with Nb,Ta,and Ti depletion.Integration of previous studies and geochemical data suggests that the 2.16–2.10 Ga metamafic rocks in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt experienced contamination by older crustal material.These results indicate that the 2.16–2.10 Ga metamafic rocks are unlikely to be associated with island arc,continental arc,or mid-ocean ridge settings.Instead,they are more likely related to intraplate magmatism associated with continental rifting.展开更多
近20多年来,以南阿尔金为代表的多个典型超高压变质带中陆续发现了陆壳超深俯冲到或接近于斯石英稳定域地幔深度(>250~300km)并折返回地表的岩石学证据,代表了国际上大陆深俯冲与超高压作用研究领域的突破性新进展,并由此催生出了“...近20多年来,以南阿尔金为代表的多个典型超高压变质带中陆续发现了陆壳超深俯冲到或接近于斯石英稳定域地幔深度(>250~300km)并折返回地表的岩石学证据,代表了国际上大陆深俯冲与超高压作用研究领域的突破性新进展,并由此催生出了“陆壳超深俯冲作用”和“极超高压变质作用”的新概念。然而,由于以下两个方面的原因致使这些研究和认识还没有得到地学界的广泛认可。其一,这些岩石学证据主要是来自一些具有溶解度实验资料支撑的特殊矿物的显微出溶结构等,但由于矿物出溶结构成因的复杂性或多解性,尤其是矿物出溶结构的高温高压实验(或矿物溶解度实验的反向实验)研究鲜有报道,使得对矿物显微出溶结构成因的解释及其指示的地质意义存在较大争议,甚至怀疑其是否是“出溶结构”。其二,实验岩石学资料表明,大陆地壳物质俯冲到>250km的地幔深度时会发生一系列矿物相变,最终成为以高密度斯石英、K-锰钡矿、石榴子石等为主要组成矿物的岩石,并导致其密度高于围岩地幔岩而失去浮力,因此250km的地幔深度被前人定义为陆壳岩石“永不回返的深度”(Depth of no return)。那么,超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度(>250km)的陆壳岩石是如何折返到地表的?这既是困惑国际地球科学界的一道难题,也是陆壳岩石超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度后折返回地表的认识未被广泛接受的另一重要理由。本文重点针对这两个关键科学问题,并围绕极超高压变质作用及其构造地质意义等衍生科学问题,概述了近年来我们和其他研究团队取得的一些重要新进展,主要包括:(1)陆壳超深俯冲到斯石英或相当于斯石英稳定域的地幔深度(>250~300km)形成极超高压变质岩石,然后再折返回地表的地质现象在全球可能具有一定的普遍性,极超高压变质岩石类型具有多样性;(2)有溶解度实验和出溶实验数据支撑的矿物显微出溶结构与指示压力的特征矿物(如柯石英、金刚石、斯石英等)一样,可作为超-极超高压变质条件的识别标志,南阿尔金先期依据先存斯石英出溶蓝晶石+尖晶石等证据获得的关于陆壳岩石可俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度并折返回地表的结论是可靠的;(3)俯冲陆壳与洋壳板片在>250km的地幔深度仍未断离,是控制陆壳超深俯冲与引发极超高压变质的必要条件之一;(4)加热使斯石英相变为柯石英导致岩石密度的减小,是超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度(>250~300km)长英质陆壳岩石折返的主要驱动力,合理地解释了超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度陆壳岩石的折返机制;(5)大陆板片超深俯冲过程中发生的4次矿物相变使其密度逐渐增大,尤其是柯石英相转变为斯石英(>250km的地幔深度)后俯冲板片的密度会显著大于围岩地幔,从而引发超深俯冲陆壳板片的后撤或回卷(rollback),进而导致俯冲带上盘出现伸展以及软流圈地幔的上涌,而上涌的软流圈地幔又可能为超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度的大陆板片的加热提供了热源,致使其中斯石英转变为柯石英而获得自折返的浮力;(6)以大陆深-超深俯冲与折返过程及其地质响应为主线,以陆壳成因超-极超高压岩石的峰期变质、退变质和深熔-岩浆作用的演化序列为时间坐标,可用来约束大陆深-超深俯冲作用形成的碰撞造山带演化过程中洋盆关闭、大陆俯冲-碰撞、造山带伸展垮塌并抬升剥蚀等关键事件的时间节点。另外,本文还提出了关于陆壳超深俯冲与极超高压变质作用深入研究面临挑战的一些科学问题及其思考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42072223)Geological Survey project(DD20221649,DD20231429).
文摘Debate has persisted over whether the metamorphic basement of the Zhoushan Islands,easternmost Cathaysia Block,is Precambrian.Here,representative metamorphic rocks from the Qushan Islands were investigated using petrography,mineral chemistry,phase equilibria modeling and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating to constrain their metamorphic evolution and tectonic significance.Both the pelitic granulites(garnet-kyanite-perthite-biotite-quartz)and the mafic granulites(garnet-clinopyroxene-amphibole-plagioclase-quartz)reached high-pressure granulite-facies conditions of 1.2-1.4 GPa/820-900℃,and recorded three metamorphic stages along a clockwise P-T path with post-peak isothermal decompression.This trajectory indicated rapid exhumation of thickened continental crust during collisional orogeny.Metamorphic ages of 254±3 Ma,262±4 Ma and 259±3 Ma were obtained for mafic granulite,pelitic granulite and marble,respectively,and were consistent with the emplacement age of 259±4 Ma for a pegmatite vein.Detrital zircons in metasediments spanned 2706-330 Ma,which constrained the latest deposition to~330 Ma;thus represented mid-Paleozoic sediment metamorphosed during the late Paleozoic rather than Precambrian basement.We conclude that the Indosinian tectonothermal event in the Cathaysia Block had originated from late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic collisional orogeny between the South China Plate to the north and the Indochina Block to the south.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42172212).
文摘The Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt within the North China Craton had undergone a complex tectonic evolution,marked by extensive Paleoproterozoic magmatism that produced a diverse range of mafic to felsic magmatic rocks.These events provide valuable geological records for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt.This study focuses on the Paleoproterozoic Chibaisong meta-gabbro in southern Jilin,investigating the source of mafic magma,petrogenesis,and tectonic setting through systematic petrological analysis,zircon U-Pb dating,and geochemical studies.The findings contribute to constraining the dynamic mechanisms of Paleoproterozoic extensional rifting in the Jiao-Liao-Ji orogenic belt.Geochemical data indicate that the samples exhibit low SiO₂(47.99–50.66 wt.%),TiO₂(0.75–3.20 wt.%),Nb(3.22–8.09 ppm),and Ta(0.22–0.51 ppm)contents,along with high TFeO₃(11.97–15.82 wt.%)and MgO(5.67–12.66 wt.%)concentrations.They also show low Nb/La ratios and high(Th/Nb)N values,consistent with the geochemical characteristics of tholeiitic basalts.The samples display low total rare earth element concentrations,weak or absent Eu anomalies,slight enrichment in light rare earth elements,relatively flat heavy rare earth element patterns,and depletion in Nb,Ta,and Ti.The meta-gabbro from southern Jilin exhibits geochemical similarities to Paleoproterozoic metamafic rocks from other regions of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt,resembling enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts(E-MORB)with Nb,Ta,and Ti depletion.Integration of previous studies and geochemical data suggests that the 2.16–2.10 Ga metamafic rocks in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt experienced contamination by older crustal material.These results indicate that the 2.16–2.10 Ga metamafic rocks are unlikely to be associated with island arc,continental arc,or mid-ocean ridge settings.Instead,they are more likely related to intraplate magmatism associated with continental rifting.
文摘近20多年来,以南阿尔金为代表的多个典型超高压变质带中陆续发现了陆壳超深俯冲到或接近于斯石英稳定域地幔深度(>250~300km)并折返回地表的岩石学证据,代表了国际上大陆深俯冲与超高压作用研究领域的突破性新进展,并由此催生出了“陆壳超深俯冲作用”和“极超高压变质作用”的新概念。然而,由于以下两个方面的原因致使这些研究和认识还没有得到地学界的广泛认可。其一,这些岩石学证据主要是来自一些具有溶解度实验资料支撑的特殊矿物的显微出溶结构等,但由于矿物出溶结构成因的复杂性或多解性,尤其是矿物出溶结构的高温高压实验(或矿物溶解度实验的反向实验)研究鲜有报道,使得对矿物显微出溶结构成因的解释及其指示的地质意义存在较大争议,甚至怀疑其是否是“出溶结构”。其二,实验岩石学资料表明,大陆地壳物质俯冲到>250km的地幔深度时会发生一系列矿物相变,最终成为以高密度斯石英、K-锰钡矿、石榴子石等为主要组成矿物的岩石,并导致其密度高于围岩地幔岩而失去浮力,因此250km的地幔深度被前人定义为陆壳岩石“永不回返的深度”(Depth of no return)。那么,超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度(>250km)的陆壳岩石是如何折返到地表的?这既是困惑国际地球科学界的一道难题,也是陆壳岩石超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度后折返回地表的认识未被广泛接受的另一重要理由。本文重点针对这两个关键科学问题,并围绕极超高压变质作用及其构造地质意义等衍生科学问题,概述了近年来我们和其他研究团队取得的一些重要新进展,主要包括:(1)陆壳超深俯冲到斯石英或相当于斯石英稳定域的地幔深度(>250~300km)形成极超高压变质岩石,然后再折返回地表的地质现象在全球可能具有一定的普遍性,极超高压变质岩石类型具有多样性;(2)有溶解度实验和出溶实验数据支撑的矿物显微出溶结构与指示压力的特征矿物(如柯石英、金刚石、斯石英等)一样,可作为超-极超高压变质条件的识别标志,南阿尔金先期依据先存斯石英出溶蓝晶石+尖晶石等证据获得的关于陆壳岩石可俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度并折返回地表的结论是可靠的;(3)俯冲陆壳与洋壳板片在>250km的地幔深度仍未断离,是控制陆壳超深俯冲与引发极超高压变质的必要条件之一;(4)加热使斯石英相变为柯石英导致岩石密度的减小,是超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度(>250~300km)长英质陆壳岩石折返的主要驱动力,合理地解释了超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度陆壳岩石的折返机制;(5)大陆板片超深俯冲过程中发生的4次矿物相变使其密度逐渐增大,尤其是柯石英相转变为斯石英(>250km的地幔深度)后俯冲板片的密度会显著大于围岩地幔,从而引发超深俯冲陆壳板片的后撤或回卷(rollback),进而导致俯冲带上盘出现伸展以及软流圈地幔的上涌,而上涌的软流圈地幔又可能为超深俯冲到斯石英稳定域地幔深度的大陆板片的加热提供了热源,致使其中斯石英转变为柯石英而获得自折返的浮力;(6)以大陆深-超深俯冲与折返过程及其地质响应为主线,以陆壳成因超-极超高压岩石的峰期变质、退变质和深熔-岩浆作用的演化序列为时间坐标,可用来约束大陆深-超深俯冲作用形成的碰撞造山带演化过程中洋盆关闭、大陆俯冲-碰撞、造山带伸展垮塌并抬升剥蚀等关键事件的时间节点。另外,本文还提出了关于陆壳超深俯冲与极超高压变质作用深入研究面临挑战的一些科学问题及其思考。
