This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 132 tornadic events in northeastern China from 2004 to 2023,utilizing radar and ERA5 reanalysis data to investigate the climatology,environmental drivers,and synoptic li...This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 132 tornadic events in northeastern China from 2004 to 2023,utilizing radar and ERA5 reanalysis data to investigate the climatology,environmental drivers,and synoptic linkages with Northeast China cold vortices(NCCVs)of tornadic storms under different convective modes.Results reveal that discrete storms account for 70%of events,with clustered cells(CC)being the most frequent mode,while significant tornadoes(EF2+)are primarily associated with isolated cells(IC)and broken lines(BL).The storm mode distribution in northeastern China resembles that of the central United States but with a higher proportion of CC and lower IC.In contrast,southern China exhibits a higher frequency of quasi-linear(QL)modes(>50%),similar to European patterns.Although no single parameter clearly differentiates between all tornado modes,distinct morphological characteristics emerge through specific parameter combinations:NL modes are characterized by high 0-1 km storm-relative helicity(SRH1)and humidity but low 0-6 km shear(SR6),whereas IC modes display contrasting features with low SRH1 and high CAPE.Notably,83%of tornadoes are associated with NCCVs,preferentially forming in southeastern/southwestern quadrants.Strong tornadoes favor southeastern quadrants,while NCCV intensity correlates with tornadic distance from vortex centers.Three characteristic synoptic configurations emerge:(T1)strong deep vortices with vertically aligned cold troughs,generating southeast-dominant tornado clusters characterized by a high proportion of BL and QL modes;(T2)weaker vortices featuring sub-synoptic troughs,with southern-distributed events dominated by a predominance of the CC mode;(T3)transverse-trough systems exhibiting CAPE-SRH decoupling and reduced tornadic activity.This study enhances our understanding of tornadoes in northeastern China,informing future research on formation mechanisms,prediction methods,and disaster prevention strategies.展开更多
对流层臭氧是一种污染气体,也是重要的温室气体,它可以影响人类健康、严重危害生态环境。本研究利用WOUDC(The World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre)发布的臭氧探空观测数据,评估了2007-2018年北半球地区GOME-2A(Global ...对流层臭氧是一种污染气体,也是重要的温室气体,它可以影响人类健康、严重危害生态环境。本研究利用WOUDC(The World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre)发布的臭氧探空观测数据,评估了2007-2018年北半球地区GOME-2A(Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 aboard METOP-A)、OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument)卫星的对流层臭氧柱含量产品以及TCR-2(Updated Tropospheric Chemistry Reanalysis)再分析对流层臭氧产品。分析结果表明,在赤道美洲地区、亚热带地区、欧洲西部和加拿大地区,GOME-2A与探空观测之间的相关系数最高可达0.56,相对偏差百分比绝对值不超过15%;在加拿大地区、美国东部地区和欧洲西部地区,OMI与探空观测之间的相关系数为0.65~0.72,标准化的均方根误差为0.47~0.56;就整个北半球区域而言,TCR-2对流层臭氧柱含量与探空观测之间的相关系数为0.41~0.95,标准化的均方根误差为0.18~0.48,优于其他两种卫星资料。此外,进一步探讨对流层臭氧柱含量趋势结果发现,TCR-2对流层臭氧柱含量变化趋势与探空观测结果较为一致。利用评估后的数据进一步分析发现,在赤道美洲地区、欧洲西部地区和中国地区对流层臭氧柱含量增加,而近年来在北极地区、加拿大地区和美国东部地区对流层臭氧柱含量减少。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42305013)Joint Research Project for Meteorological Capacity Improvement(Grant Nos.23NLTSQ002 and 24NLTSQ001)+2 种基金China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory(Grant No.TKL202307)the China Meteorological Administration Youth Innovation Team Fund(Grant No.CMA2024QN05)a research project of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science(Grant No.2023Z019)。
文摘This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 132 tornadic events in northeastern China from 2004 to 2023,utilizing radar and ERA5 reanalysis data to investigate the climatology,environmental drivers,and synoptic linkages with Northeast China cold vortices(NCCVs)of tornadic storms under different convective modes.Results reveal that discrete storms account for 70%of events,with clustered cells(CC)being the most frequent mode,while significant tornadoes(EF2+)are primarily associated with isolated cells(IC)and broken lines(BL).The storm mode distribution in northeastern China resembles that of the central United States but with a higher proportion of CC and lower IC.In contrast,southern China exhibits a higher frequency of quasi-linear(QL)modes(>50%),similar to European patterns.Although no single parameter clearly differentiates between all tornado modes,distinct morphological characteristics emerge through specific parameter combinations:NL modes are characterized by high 0-1 km storm-relative helicity(SRH1)and humidity but low 0-6 km shear(SR6),whereas IC modes display contrasting features with low SRH1 and high CAPE.Notably,83%of tornadoes are associated with NCCVs,preferentially forming in southeastern/southwestern quadrants.Strong tornadoes favor southeastern quadrants,while NCCV intensity correlates with tornadic distance from vortex centers.Three characteristic synoptic configurations emerge:(T1)strong deep vortices with vertically aligned cold troughs,generating southeast-dominant tornado clusters characterized by a high proportion of BL and QL modes;(T2)weaker vortices featuring sub-synoptic troughs,with southern-distributed events dominated by a predominance of the CC mode;(T3)transverse-trough systems exhibiting CAPE-SRH decoupling and reduced tornadic activity.This study enhances our understanding of tornadoes in northeastern China,informing future research on formation mechanisms,prediction methods,and disaster prevention strategies.
