基于1958~2002年欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)提供的ERA-40再分析资料和美国气象环境预报中心/美国国家大气研究中心提供的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了夏季南亚高压的东西偏向与亚洲季风区对流层顶附近水汽输送之间的关系。结果表明:(1)...基于1958~2002年欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)提供的ERA-40再分析资料和美国气象环境预报中心/美国国家大气研究中心提供的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了夏季南亚高压的东西偏向与亚洲季风区对流层顶附近水汽输送之间的关系。结果表明:(1)南亚高压的东西偏向对上对流层200 h Pa水汽高值中心的位置影响较小,主要影响其强度,对100 h Pa水汽高值中心的位置和强度有着较强的影响,而对平流层下部70 h Pa的水汽分布几乎没有影响。(2)南亚高压偏东年,高原上空和高原南部的垂直上升运动较强,在西风急流的共同作用下可将低层丰富的水汽向上输送,使200 h Pa和100 h Pa的水汽高值中心位于高原上空,而100 h Pa南亚高压范围内偏北风和偏东风增强,在水平输送的作用下使高值中心周围水汽的分布形态与高压中心的分布形态一致。(3)南亚高压偏西年,沿着高原西部的地形抬升作用比高原上空的对流上升运动更强,西风急流北移,对流层顶附近在60°E^80°E范围内形成气旋式环流,因此水汽高值中心向西偏移到伊朗高原。(4)南亚高压范围内200 h Pa的温度异常分布与水汽的异常分布一致,暖中心有利于高水汽的生成。而100 h Pa的温度异常分布与水汽异常分布相反,暖中心对应异常偏低的水汽,说明南亚高压范围内下平流层的水汽分布受环流场和温度场共同作用的影响。该研究对理解南亚高压东西偏向机制及提高亚洲气候预测有一定的参考意义。展开更多
恩施地区地形复杂,是湖北省的多雾区,其雾的空间分布差异大,但该地区气象站点稀疏,难以揭示其时空分布特征。通过分析亚洲区域中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS)...恩施地区地形复杂,是湖北省的多雾区,其雾的空间分布差异大,但该地区气象站点稀疏,难以揭示其时空分布特征。通过分析亚洲区域中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS)陆面同化资料以及恩施站温度露点差(T-Td)及相对湿度(RH)数据,揭示了恩施山区主要的成雾潜势指标时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)RH在90%以上,T-Td≤2.0℃有利于恩施山区雾的形成;(2)基于CLDAS资料得到的成雾潜势指标与基于恩施站及其周边的3个气象站观测得到的指标的日变化趋势均较一致且相关性较好,利用CLDAS资料描述恩施地区成雾潜势的精细化特征是可行的;(3)恩施地区RH存在显著的时空差异,空间上表现为南高北低,随海拔高度变化复杂,时间上表现为低山区昼夜变化大、中高山区昼夜变化小、夜间增湿明显;(4)基于T-Td的成雾潜势指标的频率空间分布及昼夜差与RH变化规律基本一致,其中最高频率出现在中南部的中山区(800~1200 m),最低频率在北部地区的三峡干热河谷即巫山山脉的背风坡,一年之中冬季出现频率最高。展开更多
The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System (RIEMS 2.0) coupled with a chemistry-aerosol model and the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is employed to simulate regional oceanic impact on atmospheric circulation ...The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System (RIEMS 2.0) coupled with a chemistry-aerosol model and the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is employed to simulate regional oceanic impact on atmospheric circulation and the direct radiative effect (DRE) of aerosol over East Asia. The aerosols considered in this study include both major anthropogenic aerosols (e.g., sulfate, black carbon, and organic carbon) and natural aerosols (e.g., soil dust and sea salt). The RIEMS 2.0 is driven by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis II, and the simulated period is from 1 January to 31 December 2006. The results show the following: (1) The simulated annual mean sea-level pressure by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is lower than without POM over the mainland and higher without POM over the ocean. (2) In summer, the subtropical high simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is stronger and extends further westward, and the continental low is stronger than without POM in summer. (3) The aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is larger in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River than without POM. (4) The direct radiative effect with POM is stronger than that without POM in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of southern China. Therefore, the authors should take account of the impact of the regional ocean model on studying the direct climate effect &aerosols in long term simulation.展开更多
文摘基于1958~2002年欧洲中期数值预报中心(ECMWF)提供的ERA-40再分析资料和美国气象环境预报中心/美国国家大气研究中心提供的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了夏季南亚高压的东西偏向与亚洲季风区对流层顶附近水汽输送之间的关系。结果表明:(1)南亚高压的东西偏向对上对流层200 h Pa水汽高值中心的位置影响较小,主要影响其强度,对100 h Pa水汽高值中心的位置和强度有着较强的影响,而对平流层下部70 h Pa的水汽分布几乎没有影响。(2)南亚高压偏东年,高原上空和高原南部的垂直上升运动较强,在西风急流的共同作用下可将低层丰富的水汽向上输送,使200 h Pa和100 h Pa的水汽高值中心位于高原上空,而100 h Pa南亚高压范围内偏北风和偏东风增强,在水平输送的作用下使高值中心周围水汽的分布形态与高压中心的分布形态一致。(3)南亚高压偏西年,沿着高原西部的地形抬升作用比高原上空的对流上升运动更强,西风急流北移,对流层顶附近在60°E^80°E范围内形成气旋式环流,因此水汽高值中心向西偏移到伊朗高原。(4)南亚高压范围内200 h Pa的温度异常分布与水汽的异常分布一致,暖中心有利于高水汽的生成。而100 h Pa的温度异常分布与水汽异常分布相反,暖中心对应异常偏低的水汽,说明南亚高压范围内下平流层的水汽分布受环流场和温度场共同作用的影响。该研究对理解南亚高压东西偏向机制及提高亚洲气候预测有一定的参考意义。
文摘恩施地区地形复杂,是湖北省的多雾区,其雾的空间分布差异大,但该地区气象站点稀疏,难以揭示其时空分布特征。通过分析亚洲区域中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS)陆面同化资料以及恩施站温度露点差(T-Td)及相对湿度(RH)数据,揭示了恩施山区主要的成雾潜势指标时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)RH在90%以上,T-Td≤2.0℃有利于恩施山区雾的形成;(2)基于CLDAS资料得到的成雾潜势指标与基于恩施站及其周边的3个气象站观测得到的指标的日变化趋势均较一致且相关性较好,利用CLDAS资料描述恩施地区成雾潜势的精细化特征是可行的;(3)恩施地区RH存在显著的时空差异,空间上表现为南高北低,随海拔高度变化复杂,时间上表现为低山区昼夜变化大、中高山区昼夜变化小、夜间增湿明显;(4)基于T-Td的成雾潜势指标的频率空间分布及昼夜差与RH变化规律基本一致,其中最高频率出现在中南部的中山区(800~1200 m),最低频率在北部地区的三峡干热河谷即巫山山脉的背风坡,一年之中冬季出现频率最高。
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZCX2-YW-Q11-03)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB950900 and 2009CB421100)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 91025003)the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology)(Grant No.GYHY200906020)
文摘The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System (RIEMS 2.0) coupled with a chemistry-aerosol model and the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is employed to simulate regional oceanic impact on atmospheric circulation and the direct radiative effect (DRE) of aerosol over East Asia. The aerosols considered in this study include both major anthropogenic aerosols (e.g., sulfate, black carbon, and organic carbon) and natural aerosols (e.g., soil dust and sea salt). The RIEMS 2.0 is driven by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis II, and the simulated period is from 1 January to 31 December 2006. The results show the following: (1) The simulated annual mean sea-level pressure by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is lower than without POM over the mainland and higher without POM over the ocean. (2) In summer, the subtropical high simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is stronger and extends further westward, and the continental low is stronger than without POM in summer. (3) The aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is larger in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River than without POM. (4) The direct radiative effect with POM is stronger than that without POM in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of southern China. Therefore, the authors should take account of the impact of the regional ocean model on studying the direct climate effect &aerosols in long term simulation.