太阳耀斑是太阳大气中最强烈的爆发现象,能够释放大量能量并产生各种波长的电磁辐射.研究太阳耀斑对于理解太阳活动、空间天气预报以及保护地球空间环境至关重要.本数据集基于夸父一号(ASO-S)卫星搭载的全日面成像仪(Solar Disk Imager,...太阳耀斑是太阳大气中最强烈的爆发现象,能够释放大量能量并产生各种波长的电磁辐射.研究太阳耀斑对于理解太阳活动、空间天气预报以及保护地球空间环境至关重要.本数据集基于夸父一号(ASO-S)卫星搭载的全日面成像仪(Solar Disk Imager, SDI)在莱曼阿尔法波段(121.6±7.5) nm采集的全日面图像数据,通过一套自主研发的太阳耀斑自动识别与关键参数提取算法,系统记录了2024年莱曼阿尔法太阳耀斑事件.该算法可有效避免宇宙线、粒子暴等事件的干扰,能够对不同强度级别的耀斑进行识别,并能对日面上同时发生的多个耀斑进行分别识别与追踪.本数据集收录了耀斑的起止时间、持续时间、发生位置、显著性等关键参数,包含耀斑识别过程记录文档、耀斑事件列表、耀斑峰值时刻快视图像和耀斑区域电影动画等数据.该数据集可为太阳物理学研究、空间天气预报以及相关领域提供重要的科学数据支持.展开更多
地球辐射带是近地空间高能带电粒子的聚集区域.由于辐射带中的高能粒子对在轨航天器和宇航员的安全构成严重威胁,深入理解辐射带粒子的时空动态演化过程显得至关重要.数据同化方法能够将卫星观测与数值模拟结果有机结合,实现对辐射带粒...地球辐射带是近地空间高能带电粒子的聚集区域.由于辐射带中的高能粒子对在轨航天器和宇航员的安全构成严重威胁,深入理解辐射带粒子的时空动态演化过程显得至关重要.数据同化方法能够将卫星观测与数值模拟结果有机结合,实现对辐射带粒子时空演化过程的重构.本文系统总结了近年来在地球辐射带电子数据同化建模方面的研究成果.首先,详细介绍了基于卡尔曼滤波方法的外辐射带电子三维数据同化模型(three-dimensional data assimilative model of outer radiation belt electrons,TDAMORE).依托TDAMORE模型,开展了基于Van Allen Probes、Arase和FY-4A等不同轨道类型卫星观测数据的辐射带电子同化建模研究.该同化模型充分发挥了卫星观测与数值模型的各自优势,成功重构了外辐射带区域(L=3~7)不同能量与投掷角电子的短期与长期动态演化过程及其对地磁活动的响应特征.基于同化结果,进一步开展了磁暴期间辐射带电子通量的预测研究,并对模型的预测性能进行了评估.最后,本文对辐射带同化模型的未来发展方向和潜在应用场景进行了探讨和展望.展开更多
The Vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC)of the ionosphere is a crucial parameter for describing the distribution and dynamic changes within the ionosphere.The study utilizes Dual Hybrid Attentional UNet(DHA-UNet)mode...The Vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC)of the ionosphere is a crucial parameter for describing the distribution and dynamic changes within the ionosphere.The study utilizes Dual Hybrid Attentional UNet(DHA-UNet)model to achieve higher forecasting performance for global VTEC predictions under the condition of data acquisition delays.Initially,this study uses the first Hybrid Attentional UNet(HA-UNet)model to predict the intermediate missing data.The missing data are caused by delays in data processing,making the Global Ionosphere Map(GIM)for the current day unavailable.Subsequently,the predicted results from the first HA-UNet model are concatenated with the input data to serve as the input data for the second HA-UNet model,yielding the final prediction results.The performance of DHA-UNet model is then evaluated under varying solar and geomagnetic activity conditions.Evaluation results demonstrate that the DHA-UNet model exhibits higher forecasting accuracy and stability compared to commonly used temporal and spatiotemporal forecasting models.Compared to CODG VTEC,the DHA-UNet model achieves Mean Absolute Error(MAE)values of 2.60 TECU,3.07 TECU,3.78 TECU,and 6.45TECU during quiet,weak,moderate,and strong geomagnetic storm periods,respectively,in years of high solar activity.In years of low solar activity,the model achieves MAE values of 1.00 TECU,1.15 TECU,and 1.54 TECU during quiet,weak,and moderate geomagnetic storm periods,respectively.Even during strong geomagnetic storms,55%of the residuals from the DHA-UNet model fall within the-5.0 TECU to 5.0 TECU range,surpassing other commonly used models.Compared to the C1PG forecasting product,the DHA-UNet model shows particularly notable improvements in accuracy during the spring and winter seasons,as well as in mid-to high-latitude regions.展开更多
The Triple Ionosphere Photometer(TRIPM)is a scientific payload aboard the Fengyun-3E(FY-3E)satellite,which operates in a dawn−dusk orbit.It is primarily designed for nadir observations of airglow emissions at OI 135.6...The Triple Ionosphere Photometer(TRIPM)is a scientific payload aboard the Fengyun-3E(FY-3E)satellite,which operates in a dawn−dusk orbit.It is primarily designed for nadir observations of airglow emissions at OI 135.6 nm and N_(2)Lyman-Birge-Hopfield(LBH)bands.Due to the satellite’s dawn−dusk orbital characteristics,most of TRIPM’s field of view remains in a semi-illuminated condition.Therefore,compared with airglow data of the same bands acquired under purely daytime or nighttime conditions,applying TRIPM data poses greater challenges.This study presents the first attempt to use TRIPM data for retrieving solar extreme ultraviolet(EUV)flux.Our results demonstrate that by utilizing TRIPM data in regions where photoelectron excitation dominates as the primary radiation source,the solar EUV flux(denoted as Q_(EUV))can be retrieved.Comparisons with data from the SOHO/SEM instrument reveal excellent consistency,with a seasonal correlation coefficient(R)of at least 0.95.This work thus offers a new avenue for solar EUV flux acquisition and expands the application range of TRIPM data.展开更多
文摘太阳耀斑是太阳大气中最强烈的爆发现象,能够释放大量能量并产生各种波长的电磁辐射.研究太阳耀斑对于理解太阳活动、空间天气预报以及保护地球空间环境至关重要.本数据集基于夸父一号(ASO-S)卫星搭载的全日面成像仪(Solar Disk Imager, SDI)在莱曼阿尔法波段(121.6±7.5) nm采集的全日面图像数据,通过一套自主研发的太阳耀斑自动识别与关键参数提取算法,系统记录了2024年莱曼阿尔法太阳耀斑事件.该算法可有效避免宇宙线、粒子暴等事件的干扰,能够对不同强度级别的耀斑进行识别,并能对日面上同时发生的多个耀斑进行分别识别与追踪.本数据集收录了耀斑的起止时间、持续时间、发生位置、显著性等关键参数,包含耀斑识别过程记录文档、耀斑事件列表、耀斑峰值时刻快视图像和耀斑区域电影动画等数据.该数据集可为太阳物理学研究、空间天气预报以及相关领域提供重要的科学数据支持.
文摘地球辐射带是近地空间高能带电粒子的聚集区域.由于辐射带中的高能粒子对在轨航天器和宇航员的安全构成严重威胁,深入理解辐射带粒子的时空动态演化过程显得至关重要.数据同化方法能够将卫星观测与数值模拟结果有机结合,实现对辐射带粒子时空演化过程的重构.本文系统总结了近年来在地球辐射带电子数据同化建模方面的研究成果.首先,详细介绍了基于卡尔曼滤波方法的外辐射带电子三维数据同化模型(three-dimensional data assimilative model of outer radiation belt electrons,TDAMORE).依托TDAMORE模型,开展了基于Van Allen Probes、Arase和FY-4A等不同轨道类型卫星观测数据的辐射带电子同化建模研究.该同化模型充分发挥了卫星观测与数值模型的各自优势,成功重构了外辐射带区域(L=3~7)不同能量与投掷角电子的短期与长期动态演化过程及其对地磁活动的响应特征.基于同化结果,进一步开展了磁暴期间辐射带电子通量的预测研究,并对模型的预测性能进行了评估.最后,本文对辐射带同化模型的未来发展方向和潜在应用场景进行了探讨和展望.
文摘利用全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)双频差分信号进行电离层电子含量反演是一种常用的电离层探测手段,但GNSS信号在强电磁干扰环境下,被淹没于电磁噪声中而无法被提取,影响电离层总电子含量(total electron content,TEC)反演系统的可靠性。采用传统调零抗干扰阵列天线方案能解决干扰源剥离的问题,但调零信号的天线相位中心不稳定导致高精度的相位平滑伪距和精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)算法无法收敛。针对强干扰环境下的电离层监测需求,本文提出一种抗干扰TEC数据反演手段,通过对阵列天线通道幅相一致性进行校正,保证相位中心的稳定性,从而推算出准确的电离层TEC信息,提高了系统的可靠性和抗干扰能力。
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3904402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42474037 and U2233217)。
文摘The Vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC)of the ionosphere is a crucial parameter for describing the distribution and dynamic changes within the ionosphere.The study utilizes Dual Hybrid Attentional UNet(DHA-UNet)model to achieve higher forecasting performance for global VTEC predictions under the condition of data acquisition delays.Initially,this study uses the first Hybrid Attentional UNet(HA-UNet)model to predict the intermediate missing data.The missing data are caused by delays in data processing,making the Global Ionosphere Map(GIM)for the current day unavailable.Subsequently,the predicted results from the first HA-UNet model are concatenated with the input data to serve as the input data for the second HA-UNet model,yielding the final prediction results.The performance of DHA-UNet model is then evaluated under varying solar and geomagnetic activity conditions.Evaluation results demonstrate that the DHA-UNet model exhibits higher forecasting accuracy and stability compared to commonly used temporal and spatiotemporal forecasting models.Compared to CODG VTEC,the DHA-UNet model achieves Mean Absolute Error(MAE)values of 2.60 TECU,3.07 TECU,3.78 TECU,and 6.45TECU during quiet,weak,moderate,and strong geomagnetic storm periods,respectively,in years of high solar activity.In years of low solar activity,the model achieves MAE values of 1.00 TECU,1.15 TECU,and 1.54 TECU during quiet,weak,and moderate geomagnetic storm periods,respectively.Even during strong geomagnetic storms,55%of the residuals from the DHA-UNet model fall within the-5.0 TECU to 5.0 TECU range,surpassing other commonly used models.Compared to the C1PG forecasting product,the DHA-UNet model shows particularly notable improvements in accuracy during the spring and winter seasons,as well as in mid-to high-latitude regions.
基金supported financially by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42174226,42474239)National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFF0503901)China Meteorological Administration‘Ionospheric Forecast and Alerting’Youth Innovation Team(CMA2024QN09).
文摘The Triple Ionosphere Photometer(TRIPM)is a scientific payload aboard the Fengyun-3E(FY-3E)satellite,which operates in a dawn−dusk orbit.It is primarily designed for nadir observations of airglow emissions at OI 135.6 nm and N_(2)Lyman-Birge-Hopfield(LBH)bands.Due to the satellite’s dawn−dusk orbital characteristics,most of TRIPM’s field of view remains in a semi-illuminated condition.Therefore,compared with airglow data of the same bands acquired under purely daytime or nighttime conditions,applying TRIPM data poses greater challenges.This study presents the first attempt to use TRIPM data for retrieving solar extreme ultraviolet(EUV)flux.Our results demonstrate that by utilizing TRIPM data in regions where photoelectron excitation dominates as the primary radiation source,the solar EUV flux(denoted as Q_(EUV))can be retrieved.Comparisons with data from the SOHO/SEM instrument reveal excellent consistency,with a seasonal correlation coefficient(R)of at least 0.95.This work thus offers a new avenue for solar EUV flux acquisition and expands the application range of TRIPM data.
