基于遥感和GIS技术,获取2000—2021年中塔公路沿线地区冰川变化与冰川灾害时空分布特征,并利用极差变换法和熵权法开展了冰川灾害暴露度评估。结果表明:(1)2000年以来,中塔公路沿线地区冰川面积萎缩速率为0.20%·a^(-1)±0.06%&...基于遥感和GIS技术,获取2000—2021年中塔公路沿线地区冰川变化与冰川灾害时空分布特征,并利用极差变换法和熵权法开展了冰川灾害暴露度评估。结果表明:(1)2000年以来,中塔公路沿线地区冰川面积萎缩速率为0.20%·a^(-1)±0.06%·a^(-1),物质平衡为-0.25±0.04 m w.e.·a^(-1),1992年以来的冰湖面积扩张速率为0.45%·a^(-1),均为帕米尔高原整体水平的数倍。(2)冰川不稳定性的增强直接导致中塔公路沿线地区冰川灾害风险普遍凸显,其中灾害发生的中高风险区域主要集中在公路西段。(3)中塔公路沿线地区冰川灾害暴露度宏观格局主要与致灾因子和承灾体分布密度、地形与地质环境复杂程度,以及气候暖湿化趋势的空间差异等因素有关。研究结果初步揭示了中塔公路沿线地区冰川灾害暴露度的宏观格局,可为灾害脆弱性、影响力和情景预测研究等提供参考。展开更多
One of sea ice core samples was taken from Arctic by the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition Team in 1999. 20 vertical and 2 horizontal ice sections were cut out of the ice core sample 2.22 m in length, ...One of sea ice core samples was taken from Arctic by the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition Team in 1999. 20 vertical and 2 horizontal ice sections were cut out of the ice core sample 2.22 m in length, which covered the ice sheet from surface to bottom except losses for during sampling and section cutting. From the observation and analysis of the fabrics and crystals along the depth of the ice core sample, followings were found. Whole ice sheet consists of columnar, refrozen clastic pieces, granular, columnar, refrozen clastic pieces, granular, columnar and refrozen clastic pieces. This indicates that the ice core sample was 3-year old, and the ice sheet surface thawed and the melt water flowed into ice sheet during summer. Hence, the annual energy balance in Arctic can be determined by the ice sheet surface thawing in summer, and bottom growth in winter. The thickness of the ice sheet is kept constantly at a certain position based on the corresponding climate and ocean conditions; A new展开更多
Ice formation was studied on the Dasuopu Glacier located in the Mount Xixabangma (28°23’ N, 85°43’E) in the Himalayas. Snow pits and shallow ice cores are analyzed to reveal ice formation process. The resu...Ice formation was studied on the Dasuopu Glacier located in the Mount Xixabangma (28°23’ N, 85°43’E) in the Himalayas. Snow pits and shallow ice cores are analyzed to reveal ice formation process. The results show that the ice formation process, or in other words, the process of densitification, on the col (7 000 m a.s.l. ) of the Dasuopu Glacier is a stable, slow and gradual process. The snow-ice transformation on the glacier is estimated to be 30—40 m below the surface. The temperature on the Dasuopu Glacier is very low (～ - 14℃ at 10 m) and similar to that in polar type ice cap. We,therefore, speculate that the process of snow-ice transformation is undertaken under snow pressure,and that there is a percolation zone on the Dasuopu Glacier. The high altitude of the col and monsoon snow fall accompnied by heavy cloud and high albedo favorite the percolation zone formation.展开更多
文摘基于遥感和GIS技术,获取2000—2021年中塔公路沿线地区冰川变化与冰川灾害时空分布特征,并利用极差变换法和熵权法开展了冰川灾害暴露度评估。结果表明:(1)2000年以来,中塔公路沿线地区冰川面积萎缩速率为0.20%·a^(-1)±0.06%·a^(-1),物质平衡为-0.25±0.04 m w.e.·a^(-1),1992年以来的冰湖面积扩张速率为0.45%·a^(-1),均为帕米尔高原整体水平的数倍。(2)冰川不稳定性的增强直接导致中塔公路沿线地区冰川灾害风险普遍凸显,其中灾害发生的中高风险区域主要集中在公路西段。(3)中塔公路沿线地区冰川灾害暴露度宏观格局主要与致灾因子和承灾体分布密度、地形与地质环境复杂程度,以及气候暖湿化趋势的空间差异等因素有关。研究结果初步揭示了中塔公路沿线地区冰川灾害暴露度的宏观格局,可为灾害脆弱性、影响力和情景预测研究等提供参考。
基金The paper is supported by the project of First Chinese National Arctic Re-search Expedition and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.49 776278).
文摘One of sea ice core samples was taken from Arctic by the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition Team in 1999. 20 vertical and 2 horizontal ice sections were cut out of the ice core sample 2.22 m in length, which covered the ice sheet from surface to bottom except losses for during sampling and section cutting. From the observation and analysis of the fabrics and crystals along the depth of the ice core sample, followings were found. Whole ice sheet consists of columnar, refrozen clastic pieces, granular, columnar, refrozen clastic pieces, granular, columnar and refrozen clastic pieces. This indicates that the ice core sample was 3-year old, and the ice sheet surface thawed and the melt water flowed into ice sheet during summer. Hence, the annual energy balance in Arctic can be determined by the ice sheet surface thawing in summer, and bottom growth in winter. The thickness of the ice sheet is kept constantly at a certain position based on the corresponding climate and ocean conditions; A new
文摘Ice formation was studied on the Dasuopu Glacier located in the Mount Xixabangma (28°23’ N, 85°43’E) in the Himalayas. Snow pits and shallow ice cores are analyzed to reveal ice formation process. The results show that the ice formation process, or in other words, the process of densitification, on the col (7 000 m a.s.l. ) of the Dasuopu Glacier is a stable, slow and gradual process. The snow-ice transformation on the glacier is estimated to be 30—40 m below the surface. The temperature on the Dasuopu Glacier is very low (～ - 14℃ at 10 m) and similar to that in polar type ice cap. We,therefore, speculate that the process of snow-ice transformation is undertaken under snow pressure,and that there is a percolation zone on the Dasuopu Glacier. The high altitude of the col and monsoon snow fall accompnied by heavy cloud and high albedo favorite the percolation zone formation.
