本文对新疆木吉钙质泉华型冷火山的岩石地球化学、水文地球化学、年代学及形成机理进行了系统研究。木吉冷火山主要组成物质为钙华,其轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素富集,δ^(13)C介于7.1‰–11.1‰之间,δ^(18)O介于-12.3‰–-7.8‰间,属...本文对新疆木吉钙质泉华型冷火山的岩石地球化学、水文地球化学、年代学及形成机理进行了系统研究。木吉冷火山主要组成物质为钙华,其轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素富集,δ^(13)C介于7.1‰–11.1‰之间,δ^(18)O介于-12.3‰–-7.8‰间,属于内生钙华,CO_(2)主要来源于碳酸盐岩的脱碳,部分CO_(2)来源于地幔;火山口中水样含HCO_(3)-Ca和HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型离子。方解石的U-Th年龄测定结果显示,木吉冷火山形成于距今约6.3 ka BP至2.7 ka BP之间。冷火山形态和分布方式主要受流体静压力和木吉盆地西南边界断裂控制,地下水流体静压力决定了锥体的生长高度;火山锥体呈串珠状的分布方向及锥体等高线椭圆的长轴方向与木吉盆地西南边界断裂走向一致,显著受其控制。展开更多
This study presents the first systematic investigation of the rock geochemistry,hydrogeochemistry,geochronology,and formation mechanisms of the calcareous travertine-type cold volcano at Muji,Xinjiang.The Muji cold vo...This study presents the first systematic investigation of the rock geochemistry,hydrogeochemistry,geochronology,and formation mechanisms of the calcareous travertine-type cold volcano at Muji,Xinjiang.The Muji cold volcano is composed predominantly of travertine,which exhibited light rare earth element enrichment relative to heavy rare earth elements.The δ^(13)C values range from 7.1‰ to 11.1‰,while δ^(18)O values span from -12.3‰ to -7.8‰,classifying it as hypogean travertine.CO_(2) primarily originates from carbonate rock decarbonation,with a portion derived from the mantle.Water samples collected from the crater show HCO 3-Ca and HCO 3-Ca·Mg hydrochemistry types.U-Th dating of calcite indicates the Muji cold volcano formed between approximately 6.3 and 2.7 ka BP.The morphology and distribution pattern of the cold volcanoes are primarily controlled by hydrostatic pressure and the southwest boundary fault of the Muji Basin.Hydrostatic pressure of groundwater determines the growth height of the cones.The bead-like distribution orientation of the volcanic cones and the major axis direction of the elliptical contour lines of the cones align with the strike of the southwest boundary fault of the Muji Basin,indicating significant control by this fault.展开更多
The January 2022 eruption of Hunga injected unprecedented volumes of water vapor(150 Tg)and modest sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))into the stratosphere,producing accelerated sulfate aerosol formation in the early plume.As the ...The January 2022 eruption of Hunga injected unprecedented volumes of water vapor(150 Tg)and modest sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))into the stratosphere,producing accelerated sulfate aerosol formation in the early plume.As the aerosols gradually spread into the global stratosphere,the role of water vapor,among other factors in the spread and residence time of the sulfate aerosols,remained unclear.We used multisatellite observations to better understand the role of water vapor in the spread and lifetime of Hunga volcanic aerosols.Stratospheric circulation transported the plumes to~26 km within the polar vortices-the Antarctic by August 2022 and the Arctic by January 2023-with the arrival of aerosols lagging behind that of water vapor by months.Even though high injection altitudes(58 km)and strong Brewer-Dobson circulation contributed to prolonging the residence time of aerosols,the water vapor enhanced particle growth and thus accelerated gravitational settling,with the half lifetime of aerosols being 14 months.Our analysis revealed a critical trade-off:after the eruption of the Hunga volcano,an extremely high injection height and strong upward motion slowed the removal of aerosols,but extreme water vapor loading still had a certain impact on the half lifetime of the aerosols.These findings highlight the role of water vapor in the persistence of aerosols from submarine eruptions.展开更多
In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe at...In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe atmospheric disturbances caused by the Tonga volcanic eruptions on January 15,2022.The most prominent signature was the disappearance of the layer after~10:00 UT over Wuhan and Fuke,which was attributed to the vertical drift caused by the eruptions.The occurred intermittently after 13:00 UT following the arrival of the tropospheric Lamb wave.To examine the causal mechanism for the intermittence,we also included data of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region recorded by the meteor radars at Wuhan and Mohe in this study.The wind disturbances with periods of~20 hours contributed to the formation of the layer in the nighttime on January 15.展开更多
文摘本文对新疆木吉钙质泉华型冷火山的岩石地球化学、水文地球化学、年代学及形成机理进行了系统研究。木吉冷火山主要组成物质为钙华,其轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素富集,δ^(13)C介于7.1‰–11.1‰之间,δ^(18)O介于-12.3‰–-7.8‰间,属于内生钙华,CO_(2)主要来源于碳酸盐岩的脱碳,部分CO_(2)来源于地幔;火山口中水样含HCO_(3)-Ca和HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型离子。方解石的U-Th年龄测定结果显示,木吉冷火山形成于距今约6.3 ka BP至2.7 ka BP之间。冷火山形态和分布方式主要受流体静压力和木吉盆地西南边界断裂控制,地下水流体静压力决定了锥体的生长高度;火山锥体呈串珠状的分布方向及锥体等高线椭圆的长轴方向与木吉盆地西南边界断裂走向一致,显著受其控制。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42272349).
文摘This study presents the first systematic investigation of the rock geochemistry,hydrogeochemistry,geochronology,and formation mechanisms of the calcareous travertine-type cold volcano at Muji,Xinjiang.The Muji cold volcano is composed predominantly of travertine,which exhibited light rare earth element enrichment relative to heavy rare earth elements.The δ^(13)C values range from 7.1‰ to 11.1‰,while δ^(18)O values span from -12.3‰ to -7.8‰,classifying it as hypogean travertine.CO_(2) primarily originates from carbonate rock decarbonation,with a portion derived from the mantle.Water samples collected from the crater show HCO 3-Ca and HCO 3-Ca·Mg hydrochemistry types.U-Th dating of calcite indicates the Muji cold volcano formed between approximately 6.3 and 2.7 ka BP.The morphology and distribution pattern of the cold volcanoes are primarily controlled by hydrostatic pressure and the southwest boundary fault of the Muji Basin.Hydrostatic pressure of groundwater determines the growth height of the cones.The bead-like distribution orientation of the volcanic cones and the major axis direction of the elliptical contour lines of the cones align with the strike of the southwest boundary fault of the Muji Basin,indicating significant control by this fault.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2442210 and 42275059)supported by funding from Chengdu University of Information Technology(Grant No.X202310621039).
文摘The January 2022 eruption of Hunga injected unprecedented volumes of water vapor(150 Tg)and modest sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))into the stratosphere,producing accelerated sulfate aerosol formation in the early plume.As the aerosols gradually spread into the global stratosphere,the role of water vapor,among other factors in the spread and residence time of the sulfate aerosols,remained unclear.We used multisatellite observations to better understand the role of water vapor in the spread and lifetime of Hunga volcanic aerosols.Stratospheric circulation transported the plumes to~26 km within the polar vortices-the Antarctic by August 2022 and the Arctic by January 2023-with the arrival of aerosols lagging behind that of water vapor by months.Even though high injection altitudes(58 km)and strong Brewer-Dobson circulation contributed to prolonging the residence time of aerosols,the water vapor enhanced particle growth and thus accelerated gravitational settling,with the half lifetime of aerosols being 14 months.Our analysis revealed a critical trade-off:after the eruption of the Hunga volcano,an extremely high injection height and strong upward motion slowed the removal of aerosols,but extreme water vapor loading still had a certain impact on the half lifetime of the aerosols.These findings highlight the role of water vapor in the persistence of aerosols from submarine eruptions.
基金the Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),grant numbers 42174211,42230207,and U2039205.
文摘In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe atmospheric disturbances caused by the Tonga volcanic eruptions on January 15,2022.The most prominent signature was the disappearance of the layer after~10:00 UT over Wuhan and Fuke,which was attributed to the vertical drift caused by the eruptions.The occurred intermittently after 13:00 UT following the arrival of the tropospheric Lamb wave.To examine the causal mechanism for the intermittence,we also included data of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region recorded by the meteor radars at Wuhan and Mohe in this study.The wind disturbances with periods of~20 hours contributed to the formation of the layer in the nighttime on January 15.
