Thermal energy storage(TES)solutions offer opportunities to reduce energy consumption,greenhouse gas emissions,and cost.Specifically,they can help reduce the peak load and address the intermittency of renewable energy...Thermal energy storage(TES)solutions offer opportunities to reduce energy consumption,greenhouse gas emissions,and cost.Specifically,they can help reduce the peak load and address the intermittency of renewable energy sources by time shifting the load,which are critical toward zero energy buildings.Thermochemical materials(TCMs)as a class of TES undergo a solid-gas reversible chemical reaction with water vapor to store and release energy with high storage capacities(600 kWh m^(-3))and negligible self-discharge that makes them uniquely suited as compact,stand-alone units for daily or seasonal storage.However,TCMs suffer from instabilities at the material(salt particles)and reactor level(packed beds of salt),resulting in poor multi-cycle efficiency and high-levelized cost of storage.In this study,a model is developed to predict the pulverization limit or Rcrit of various salt hydrates during thermal cycling.This is critical as it provides design rules to make mechanically stable TCM composites as well as enables the use of more energy-efficient manufacturing process(solid-state mixing)to make the composites.The model is experimentally validated on multiple TCM salt hydrates with different water content,and effect of Rcrit on hydration and dehydration kinetics is also investigated.展开更多
The huge volumes of crop residues generated during the production,processing,and consumption of farm products constitute an ecological nuisance when ineffectively managed.The conversion of crop residues to green hydro...The huge volumes of crop residues generated during the production,processing,and consumption of farm products constitute an ecological nuisance when ineffectively managed.The conversion of crop residues to green hydrogen is one of the sustainable management strategies for ubiquitous crop residues.Production of green hydrogen from crop residue sources will contribute to deepening access to clean and affordable energy,mitigating climate change,and ensuring environmental sustainability.However,the deployment of conventional thermochemical technologies for the conversion of crop residues to green hydrogen is costly,requires long residence time,produces low-quality products,and therefore needs to be upgraded.The current review examines the conventional,advanced,and integrated thermochemical conversion technologies for crop residues for green hydrogen production.After a brief overview of the conventional thermochemical techniques,the review delves into the broad narration of advanced thermochemical technologies including catalytic pyrolysis,microwave pyrolysis,co-pyrolysis,hyropyrolysis,and autothermal pyrolysis.The study advocates the deployment of integrated pyrolysis,anaerobic digestion,pyrolysis,and gasification technologies will ensure scalability,decomposition of recalcitrant feedstocks,and generation of high grade green hydrogen.The outlook provides suggestions for future research into cost-saving and sustainable integrated technologies for green hydrogen production towards achieving carbon neutrality and a circular bio-economy.展开更多
从中草药荷叶、黄连根、黄藤、十大功劳中分别提取出荷叶碱、黄连素、黄藤素、异汉防己碱,并对其进行了表征。用瑞典产八通道微量量热仪(3114/3236 TAM Air)测定了不同浓度的生物碱在不同温度时对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌代...从中草药荷叶、黄连根、黄藤、十大功劳中分别提取出荷叶碱、黄连素、黄藤素、异汉防己碱,并对其进行了表征。用瑞典产八通道微量量热仪(3114/3236 TAM Air)测定了不同浓度的生物碱在不同温度时对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌代谢作用的热功率-时间曲线,计算出细菌生长的速率常数,建立速率常数与生物碱浓度的方程式、细菌生长速率常数与温度的方程式,进而确定了最佳抑菌浓度和细菌最佳生长温度。展开更多
基金supported by the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,Building Technologies Program,of the US Department of Energy,under contract no.DE-AC02-05CH11231the support on the DSC/TGA 3+supported by the Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231
文摘Thermal energy storage(TES)solutions offer opportunities to reduce energy consumption,greenhouse gas emissions,and cost.Specifically,they can help reduce the peak load and address the intermittency of renewable energy sources by time shifting the load,which are critical toward zero energy buildings.Thermochemical materials(TCMs)as a class of TES undergo a solid-gas reversible chemical reaction with water vapor to store and release energy with high storage capacities(600 kWh m^(-3))and negligible self-discharge that makes them uniquely suited as compact,stand-alone units for daily or seasonal storage.However,TCMs suffer from instabilities at the material(salt particles)and reactor level(packed beds of salt),resulting in poor multi-cycle efficiency and high-levelized cost of storage.In this study,a model is developed to predict the pulverization limit or Rcrit of various salt hydrates during thermal cycling.This is critical as it provides design rules to make mechanically stable TCM composites as well as enables the use of more energy-efficient manufacturing process(solid-state mixing)to make the composites.The model is experimentally validated on multiple TCM salt hydrates with different water content,and effect of Rcrit on hydration and dehydration kinetics is also investigated.
文摘The huge volumes of crop residues generated during the production,processing,and consumption of farm products constitute an ecological nuisance when ineffectively managed.The conversion of crop residues to green hydrogen is one of the sustainable management strategies for ubiquitous crop residues.Production of green hydrogen from crop residue sources will contribute to deepening access to clean and affordable energy,mitigating climate change,and ensuring environmental sustainability.However,the deployment of conventional thermochemical technologies for the conversion of crop residues to green hydrogen is costly,requires long residence time,produces low-quality products,and therefore needs to be upgraded.The current review examines the conventional,advanced,and integrated thermochemical conversion technologies for crop residues for green hydrogen production.After a brief overview of the conventional thermochemical techniques,the review delves into the broad narration of advanced thermochemical technologies including catalytic pyrolysis,microwave pyrolysis,co-pyrolysis,hyropyrolysis,and autothermal pyrolysis.The study advocates the deployment of integrated pyrolysis,anaerobic digestion,pyrolysis,and gasification technologies will ensure scalability,decomposition of recalcitrant feedstocks,and generation of high grade green hydrogen.The outlook provides suggestions for future research into cost-saving and sustainable integrated technologies for green hydrogen production towards achieving carbon neutrality and a circular bio-economy.
文摘从中草药荷叶、黄连根、黄藤、十大功劳中分别提取出荷叶碱、黄连素、黄藤素、异汉防己碱,并对其进行了表征。用瑞典产八通道微量量热仪(3114/3236 TAM Air)测定了不同浓度的生物碱在不同温度时对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌代谢作用的热功率-时间曲线,计算出细菌生长的速率常数,建立速率常数与生物碱浓度的方程式、细菌生长速率常数与温度的方程式,进而确定了最佳抑菌浓度和细菌最佳生长温度。
