Foams improve mobility control in injection operations within geological settings.Nanoparticles,such as iron-oxide,have been shown to enhance the stability of foams when combined with surfactants.In this research,we l...Foams improve mobility control in injection operations within geological settings.Nanoparticles,such as iron-oxide,have been shown to enhance the stability of foams when combined with surfactants.In this research,we leverage the magnetic properties of these nanoparticles to detect their presence as a surrogate for monitoring the geologic extent of injected fluids in the subsurface.The feasibility of using these nanoparticles for monitoring purposes stems from their detectability at low concentrations in subsurface environments.We developed two distinct methods to detect the presence of magnetite nanoparticles in complex fluids.To simulate complex subsurface fluids in a laboratory setting,we included various ions and surfactants and investigated their effects on the detection of nanoparticles.To this end,we designed an experimental setup and tested two magnetic detection methods:Induction Heating(IH)and Oscillator Frequency Shift(OFS).The IH method involves applying a high-frequency alternating magnetic field to a solution containing small amounts of magnetic nanoparticles and measuring the temperature response.We built an experimental setup to generate this magnetic field for different samples,with temperature changes recorded by an infrared camera.The results indicate that nanoparticle concentrations linearly affect the solution's temperature rise.However,the presence of ions and surfactants also influences the temperature response.The OFS method measures shifts in the resonance frequency of a circuit caused by changes in magnetic permeability inside a coil.This coil is part of a transistor oscillator circuit that produces a sinusoidal voltage waveform,with the oscillation frequency depending on the coil’s inductance.The presence of nanoparticles causes a shift in resonance frequency,which were precisely measured for various samples.The drop in resonance frequency is a linear function of nanoparticle concentration,and both methods detect concentrations as low as 150 mg/L of Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles.展开更多
基金supported as part of the Center for Mechanistic Control of Unconventional Formations(CMC-UF),an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science under DOE(BES)Award DE-SC0019165.
文摘Foams improve mobility control in injection operations within geological settings.Nanoparticles,such as iron-oxide,have been shown to enhance the stability of foams when combined with surfactants.In this research,we leverage the magnetic properties of these nanoparticles to detect their presence as a surrogate for monitoring the geologic extent of injected fluids in the subsurface.The feasibility of using these nanoparticles for monitoring purposes stems from their detectability at low concentrations in subsurface environments.We developed two distinct methods to detect the presence of magnetite nanoparticles in complex fluids.To simulate complex subsurface fluids in a laboratory setting,we included various ions and surfactants and investigated their effects on the detection of nanoparticles.To this end,we designed an experimental setup and tested two magnetic detection methods:Induction Heating(IH)and Oscillator Frequency Shift(OFS).The IH method involves applying a high-frequency alternating magnetic field to a solution containing small amounts of magnetic nanoparticles and measuring the temperature response.We built an experimental setup to generate this magnetic field for different samples,with temperature changes recorded by an infrared camera.The results indicate that nanoparticle concentrations linearly affect the solution's temperature rise.However,the presence of ions and surfactants also influences the temperature response.The OFS method measures shifts in the resonance frequency of a circuit caused by changes in magnetic permeability inside a coil.This coil is part of a transistor oscillator circuit that produces a sinusoidal voltage waveform,with the oscillation frequency depending on the coil’s inductance.The presence of nanoparticles causes a shift in resonance frequency,which were precisely measured for various samples.The drop in resonance frequency is a linear function of nanoparticle concentration,and both methods detect concentrations as low as 150 mg/L of Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles.
