Terahertz(THz)technology has emerged as a powerful and transformative tool in the field of biomedical detection,owing to its unique properties such as non-ionizing radiation,high spectral resolution,and strong sensiti...Terahertz(THz)technology has emerged as a powerful and transformative tool in the field of biomedical detection,owing to its unique properties such as non-ionizing radiation,high spectral resolution,and strong sensitivity to weak intermolecular interactions.We systematically summarize the recent advances in THz biomedical detection,focusing on its underlying mechanisms,core technical platforms,and application frontiers.Technologically,THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)and THz near-field microscopy(THz-SNOM)have enabled multi-scale,label-free detection ranging from macromolecules to living tissues.Metasurface-based sensors—particularly those leveraging electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT),bound states in the continuum(BICs),and exceptional points(EPs)—have significantly enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of THz biosensing through tailored light-matter interactions and resonance engineering.In application,THz techniques have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in detecting nucleic acids,proteins,and tumor cells,enabling differentiation of genetic mutations,monitoring of protein conformational dynamics,and real-time evaluation of cancer cell responses.In addition,the integration of THz devices with microfluidic platforms and artificial intelligence has paved the way for portable,highthroughput,and noninvasive diagnostics.Despite these promising developments,challenges such as signal attenuation in aqueous environments and limitations in system miniaturization remain to be addressed.We conclude by discussing prospective strategies for overcoming these barriers,thereby promoting the translation of THz technologies into clinical and translational medicine.Overall,our work aims to provide a comprehensive reference and forward-looking perspective for researchers and practitioners in the domain of THz biomedical detection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174260,12574326,12464047,and 12064046)the Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Resource Sharing Platform Project(Grant No.2023-CX-PT16)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,Clinical Research Special Program for the Health Industry(Grant No.202040438)。
文摘Terahertz(THz)technology has emerged as a powerful and transformative tool in the field of biomedical detection,owing to its unique properties such as non-ionizing radiation,high spectral resolution,and strong sensitivity to weak intermolecular interactions.We systematically summarize the recent advances in THz biomedical detection,focusing on its underlying mechanisms,core technical platforms,and application frontiers.Technologically,THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)and THz near-field microscopy(THz-SNOM)have enabled multi-scale,label-free detection ranging from macromolecules to living tissues.Metasurface-based sensors—particularly those leveraging electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT),bound states in the continuum(BICs),and exceptional points(EPs)—have significantly enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of THz biosensing through tailored light-matter interactions and resonance engineering.In application,THz techniques have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in detecting nucleic acids,proteins,and tumor cells,enabling differentiation of genetic mutations,monitoring of protein conformational dynamics,and real-time evaluation of cancer cell responses.In addition,the integration of THz devices with microfluidic platforms and artificial intelligence has paved the way for portable,highthroughput,and noninvasive diagnostics.Despite these promising developments,challenges such as signal attenuation in aqueous environments and limitations in system miniaturization remain to be addressed.We conclude by discussing prospective strategies for overcoming these barriers,thereby promoting the translation of THz technologies into clinical and translational medicine.Overall,our work aims to provide a comprehensive reference and forward-looking perspective for researchers and practitioners in the domain of THz biomedical detection.
