Professor Fanao Kong(孔繁敖)was born on June 9th,1936,in Wuhan,Hubei Province.He later relocated with his family to Shanghai,where he completed his senior high school education at Shanghai High School.He then was educ...Professor Fanao Kong(孔繁敖)was born on June 9th,1936,in Wuhan,Hubei Province.He later relocated with his family to Shanghai,where he completed his senior high school education at Shanghai High School.He then was educated in the Department of Chemistry at Peking University.After graduation in 1958,he joined the faculty of the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)which was newly founded in that year.In addition to his dedicated teaching and scientific research at the USTC,he participated in the establishment of the Laser Chemistry Laboratory in the Department of Chemical Physics.展开更多
In the thousand-year-old mural of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang,a special symbol tells the story of exchanges among civilisations.Three Rabbits Sharing Three Ears depicts three rabbits chasing each other,with each two sh...In the thousand-year-old mural of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang,a special symbol tells the story of exchanges among civilisations.Three Rabbits Sharing Three Ears depicts three rabbits chasing each other,with each two sharing one ear.It is said that its earliest version appeared in Dunhuang in the 6th century,and it had travelled across the desert along the ancient Silk Road,over mountains and rivers,leaping onto British ceramic tiles,integrating into Egyptian pottery and jumping cross the clock faces of German churches.展开更多
On the afternoon of May 30,the parallel forum"Global Dialogue on Civilisational Inheritance and the Digital Silk Road,"as part of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,was hel...On the afternoon of May 30,the parallel forum"Global Dialogue on Civilisational Inheritance and the Digital Silk Road,"as part of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,was held in Dunhuang.The forum focused on key areas of Silk Road civilisation studies in the new era under the theme"Carrying Forward the Silk Road Spirit and Pooling Strength for the Implementation of the Global Civilisation Initiative."Discussions centred on topics such as humanistic research on the Digital Silk Road,translation studies of cultural heritage,and archaeological studies of Silk Road sites,providing a platform for experts and scholars to exchange ideas and share achievements,and working to build a strong synergy for exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations.展开更多
We identify two interrelated but independent species of microcracks with different origins and different distributions. One species is the classic high-stress microcracks identified in laboratory stress-cells associat...We identify two interrelated but independent species of microcracks with different origins and different distributions. One species is the classic high-stress microcracks identified in laboratory stress-cells associated with acoustic emissions as microcracks open with increasing stress. The other species is the low-stress distributions of closely-spaced stress-aligned fluid-saturated microcracks that observations of shear-wave splitting(SWS) demonstrate pervade almost all in situ rocks in the upper crust, the lower crust, and the uppermost 400 km of the mantle. On some occasions these two sets of microcracks may be interrelated and similar(hence ‘species') but they typically have fundamentally-different properties, different distributions, and different implications. The importance for hydrocarbon exploration and recovery is that SWS in hydrocarbon reservoirs monitors crack alignments and preferred directions of fluid-flow. The importance for earthquake seismology is that SWS above small earthquakes monitors the effects of increasing stress on the pervasive low-stress microcrack distributions so that stress-accumulation before, possibly distant, earthquakes can be recognised and impending earthquakes stress-forecast.展开更多
1 Researchers have discovered the remains of ancient cities located above the ancient Silk Road in the rocky mountains of southeastern Uzbekistan.The groundbreaking discovery,made possible by new drone‑based lidar(激...1 Researchers have discovered the remains of ancient cities located above the ancient Silk Road in the rocky mountains of southeastern Uzbekistan.The groundbreaking discovery,made possible by new drone‑based lidar(激光雷达)technology,challenges long‑held assumptions that urban life was rarely seen in the remote mountains of Central Asia.展开更多
Edo-period historical records and documents preserved a substantial number of images,many of which are related to epidemic outbreaks.Through systematic collation and categorical analysis,this study uses the chronologi...Edo-period historical records and documents preserved a substantial number of images,many of which are related to epidemic outbreaks.Through systematic collation and categorical analysis,this study uses the chronological and thematic characteristics of these images as a framework to examine the response mechanisms of the Japanese government and public during infectious disease pandemics in the Edo period,as well as the multidimensional impacts of epidemics on social economy,culture,and customs.Illustrations of smallpox in medical texts reveal the developmental trajectory of Japan’s traditional medical knowledge system,while drawings in essays and diaries reflect public fear and non-medical cognitive patterns during cholera outbreaks.Epidemic-themed paintings not only document cholera treatment protocols by the government and medical professionals,as well as grassroots prevention and treatment practices for measles,but also vividly depict social dynamics during crises.Images related to epidemics in advertising reflect the prosperity of the pharmaceutical industry in the Edo period,while depictions in folding screens,ukiyozoushi and the occupational illustrations demonstrate societal customs for epidemic response.Collectively,the Edo-period epidemic crises profoundly shaped Japan’s medical system,economic structure,cultural forms,folk traditions,and public psychology,prompting the government,medical professionals,and civilians to develop distinct era-specific social coping mechanisms.展开更多
several months had passed since my trip to Xizang.The 21-day trip to Xizang may not seem long,but I had been looking forward to it for many years.I often told myself that my life should be different after I turned 60-...several months had passed since my trip to Xizang.The 21-day trip to Xizang may not seem long,but I had been looking forward to it for many years.I often told myself that my life should be different after I turned 60-freer and less constrained.So,I let go of everything,packed up,and hit the road to Xizang for 21 days.展开更多
通过对云南司岗里洞石笋SGL1220的高精度230Th定年和高分辨率δ^(18)O分析,研究重建了西南季风区7.72—8.75 ka B.P.时段平均分辨为5年的石笋δ^(18)O记录。SGL1220石笋δ^(18)O变化指示区域夏季风降水(或者西南季风强度)变化,该记录清...通过对云南司岗里洞石笋SGL1220的高精度230Th定年和高分辨率δ^(18)O分析,研究重建了西南季风区7.72—8.75 ka B.P.时段平均分辨为5年的石笋δ^(18)O记录。SGL1220石笋δ^(18)O变化指示区域夏季风降水(或者西南季风强度)变化,该记录清晰记录了8.2 ka气候事件中西南季风变化过程。事件起于8.30 ka B.P.,止于8.10 ka B.P.,前后持续了约200年,事件呈现出“W”型的变化特征,两个季风极弱期分别出现在约8.22 ka B.P.和8.12 ka B.P.,对应8.2 ka弱季风事件的核心时段;SGL1220石笋记录的8.2 ka BP事件在定年误差范围内与东亚季风区的高分辨石笋氧同位素记录一致性地同步响应北大西洋降温变化,表现为亚洲夏季风显著减弱,支持“淡水输入”导致北大西洋区域显著降温,并通过大气遥相关的方式影响亚洲夏季风变化的驱动机制假说。展开更多
甘青地区齐家文化较前期的马家窑分布北界南缩,整体海拔变低,是对4 ka B.P.事件中气候干旱和气温降低的响应。齐家遗址较马家窑分布更为稀疏,遗址最短距离变大,对河流的依赖性降低,这一变化与齐家文化时期畜牧业比重的增加相关。密度分...甘青地区齐家文化较前期的马家窑分布北界南缩,整体海拔变低,是对4 ka B.P.事件中气候干旱和气温降低的响应。齐家遗址较马家窑分布更为稀疏,遗址最短距离变大,对河流的依赖性降低,这一变化与齐家文化时期畜牧业比重的增加相关。密度分析表明4 ka B.P.前后,马家窑聚落的单核心凝聚模式演变为齐家的多核心模式,极端气候事件使得农业生产能力和资源状况恶化,部落间战争频发,战争可能对父权制度的形成和冶炼技术的进步产生了一定的促进作用,在一定程度上导致甘青史前社会向复杂化发展。展开更多
文摘Professor Fanao Kong(孔繁敖)was born on June 9th,1936,in Wuhan,Hubei Province.He later relocated with his family to Shanghai,where he completed his senior high school education at Shanghai High School.He then was educated in the Department of Chemistry at Peking University.After graduation in 1958,he joined the faculty of the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)which was newly founded in that year.In addition to his dedicated teaching and scientific research at the USTC,he participated in the establishment of the Laser Chemistry Laboratory in the Department of Chemical Physics.
文摘In the thousand-year-old mural of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang,a special symbol tells the story of exchanges among civilisations.Three Rabbits Sharing Three Ears depicts three rabbits chasing each other,with each two sharing one ear.It is said that its earliest version appeared in Dunhuang in the 6th century,and it had travelled across the desert along the ancient Silk Road,over mountains and rivers,leaping onto British ceramic tiles,integrating into Egyptian pottery and jumping cross the clock faces of German churches.
文摘On the afternoon of May 30,the parallel forum"Global Dialogue on Civilisational Inheritance and the Digital Silk Road,"as part of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,was held in Dunhuang.The forum focused on key areas of Silk Road civilisation studies in the new era under the theme"Carrying Forward the Silk Road Spirit and Pooling Strength for the Implementation of the Global Civilisation Initiative."Discussions centred on topics such as humanistic research on the Digital Silk Road,translation studies of cultural heritage,and archaeological studies of Silk Road sites,providing a platform for experts and scholars to exchange ideas and share achievements,and working to build a strong synergy for exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations.
基金This study was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 41174042）.
文摘We identify two interrelated but independent species of microcracks with different origins and different distributions. One species is the classic high-stress microcracks identified in laboratory stress-cells associated with acoustic emissions as microcracks open with increasing stress. The other species is the low-stress distributions of closely-spaced stress-aligned fluid-saturated microcracks that observations of shear-wave splitting(SWS) demonstrate pervade almost all in situ rocks in the upper crust, the lower crust, and the uppermost 400 km of the mantle. On some occasions these two sets of microcracks may be interrelated and similar(hence ‘species') but they typically have fundamentally-different properties, different distributions, and different implications. The importance for hydrocarbon exploration and recovery is that SWS in hydrocarbon reservoirs monitors crack alignments and preferred directions of fluid-flow. The importance for earthquake seismology is that SWS above small earthquakes monitors the effects of increasing stress on the pervasive low-stress microcrack distributions so that stress-accumulation before, possibly distant, earthquakes can be recognised and impending earthquakes stress-forecast.
文摘1 Researchers have discovered the remains of ancient cities located above the ancient Silk Road in the rocky mountains of southeastern Uzbekistan.The groundbreaking discovery,made possible by new drone‑based lidar(激光雷达)technology,challenges long‑held assumptions that urban life was rarely seen in the remote mountains of Central Asia.
基金financed by the grant from the Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.20&ZD222).
文摘Edo-period historical records and documents preserved a substantial number of images,many of which are related to epidemic outbreaks.Through systematic collation and categorical analysis,this study uses the chronological and thematic characteristics of these images as a framework to examine the response mechanisms of the Japanese government and public during infectious disease pandemics in the Edo period,as well as the multidimensional impacts of epidemics on social economy,culture,and customs.Illustrations of smallpox in medical texts reveal the developmental trajectory of Japan’s traditional medical knowledge system,while drawings in essays and diaries reflect public fear and non-medical cognitive patterns during cholera outbreaks.Epidemic-themed paintings not only document cholera treatment protocols by the government and medical professionals,as well as grassroots prevention and treatment practices for measles,but also vividly depict social dynamics during crises.Images related to epidemics in advertising reflect the prosperity of the pharmaceutical industry in the Edo period,while depictions in folding screens,ukiyozoushi and the occupational illustrations demonstrate societal customs for epidemic response.Collectively,the Edo-period epidemic crises profoundly shaped Japan’s medical system,economic structure,cultural forms,folk traditions,and public psychology,prompting the government,medical professionals,and civilians to develop distinct era-specific social coping mechanisms.
文摘several months had passed since my trip to Xizang.The 21-day trip to Xizang may not seem long,but I had been looking forward to it for many years.I often told myself that my life should be different after I turned 60-freer and less constrained.So,I let go of everything,packed up,and hit the road to Xizang for 21 days.
文摘通过对云南司岗里洞石笋SGL1220的高精度230Th定年和高分辨率δ^(18)O分析,研究重建了西南季风区7.72—8.75 ka B.P.时段平均分辨为5年的石笋δ^(18)O记录。SGL1220石笋δ^(18)O变化指示区域夏季风降水(或者西南季风强度)变化,该记录清晰记录了8.2 ka气候事件中西南季风变化过程。事件起于8.30 ka B.P.,止于8.10 ka B.P.,前后持续了约200年,事件呈现出“W”型的变化特征,两个季风极弱期分别出现在约8.22 ka B.P.和8.12 ka B.P.,对应8.2 ka弱季风事件的核心时段;SGL1220石笋记录的8.2 ka BP事件在定年误差范围内与东亚季风区的高分辨石笋氧同位素记录一致性地同步响应北大西洋降温变化,表现为亚洲夏季风显著减弱,支持“淡水输入”导致北大西洋区域显著降温,并通过大气遥相关的方式影响亚洲夏季风变化的驱动机制假说。
文摘甘青地区齐家文化较前期的马家窑分布北界南缩,整体海拔变低,是对4 ka B.P.事件中气候干旱和气温降低的响应。齐家遗址较马家窑分布更为稀疏,遗址最短距离变大,对河流的依赖性降低,这一变化与齐家文化时期畜牧业比重的增加相关。密度分析表明4 ka B.P.前后,马家窑聚落的单核心凝聚模式演变为齐家的多核心模式,极端气候事件使得农业生产能力和资源状况恶化,部落间战争频发,战争可能对父权制度的形成和冶炼技术的进步产生了一定的促进作用,在一定程度上导致甘青史前社会向复杂化发展。
