本文基于最简方案的理论框架,依托语域赋值假说和非选择性约束理论对英语中的回声疑问句进行句法分析。当回声疑问句以单独形式出现时,对于回声问句的应答必须要包含对所有的疑问词的应答;而当回声疑问句作为嵌入句,成为主句的一部分时...本文基于最简方案的理论框架,依托语域赋值假说和非选择性约束理论对英语中的回声疑问句进行句法分析。当回声疑问句以单独形式出现时,对于回声问句的应答必须要包含对所有的疑问词的应答;而当回声疑问句作为嵌入句,成为主句的一部分时,应答者被允许只对部分疑问词进行应答。这主要源于在多疑问词条件下,携带不可解读特征[*uWH]的多个标句词成为赋值对象的多种潜在选择,由此引发的广窄域语域指派使得应答者做出或完整或部分的应答,最终导致语域的歧义性。Based on the theoretical framework of the Minimalist Program, this paper analyzes the syntax of echo questions in English by means of Scope Valuing Hypothesis and Unselective Binding Theory. When the echo question appears as a separate form, the answer to it must include the answer to all the wh-questions;when it follows a verb as an embedded clause, the respondent is allowed to respond to only part of the wh-question. This is mainly due to the fact that under the condition of multiple wh-questions, more than one complementizers with strong uninterpretable feature [*uWH] become potential objects to be valued with scope, and the resulting wide-narrow scope valuing difference causes the respondent to make a complete or partial response, which ultimately leads to the scope ambiguity.展开更多
本文在生成语法的理论框架下,通过树状图推导和特征核查,来论证英语中动结构在逻辑式层面存在隐性的“Se”类空范畴嵌入。所谓带“Se”结构,是印欧语系罗曼语族(如法语、西班牙语等)中特有的结构形态,其典型结构表现为“se + V”的黏着...本文在生成语法的理论框架下,通过树状图推导和特征核查,来论证英语中动结构在逻辑式层面存在隐性的“Se”类空范畴嵌入。所谓带“Se”结构,是印欧语系罗曼语族(如法语、西班牙语等)中特有的结构形态,其典型结构表现为“se + V”的黏着形式。在树状图生成的过程中,需要考虑“Se”的句法位置和其特征核查关系。理论上,“Se”通常被置于相关动词主导的附着词(Clitic)位置,该位置不仅与核心动词V形成成份统治的关系,同时V能够完成对“Se”的特征核查。从语义功能来看,带“Se”结构主要用以表示自反、相互、被动、绝对等意义。值得注意的是,虽然英语表层结构缺乏显性的“se + V”形态标记,但这种形式上的缺失或简化并未显著影响上述语义功能的表达。英语的中动结构最能体现此类语义特征,而研究发现,其“Se”成分的生成机制或不同于罗曼语族的显性移位,而是在逻辑式层面以隐性空范畴嵌入的形式来实现的。Under the theoretical framework of generative grammar, this paper employs tree diagram generation and feature checking to argue that English middle constructions involve a covert insertion of a “Se”-like empty category at the LF (Logical Form) level. Se-bearing constructions are a unique morphological feature in the Romance languages of the Indo-European family (e.g., French, Spanish), typically manifesting as a bound form of “se + V”. During generating the tree diagram, the syntactic position of “Se” and its feature-checking relationship must be considered. Theoretically, “Se” is generally placed in the Clitic position governed by its relevant verb (V), where it not only forms a c-command relationship with the core verb but also undergoes feature checking by V. From a semantic perspective, Se-bearing structure primarily conveys reflexive, reciprocal, passive, or absolute meanings. Notably, although English lacks overt morphological marking of the “se + V” form in its surface structure, this formal absence or simplification does not significantly hinder the expression of the aforementioned semantic functions. English middle constructions best exemplify such semantic features. The study finds that the generative mechanism of their “Se” component may differ from the overt movement observed in Romance languages, instead being realized in the form of a covert insertion of a “Se”-like empty category at the LF level.展开更多
该文旨在探讨汉语中表达变化或增长程度的“越来越”结构在英语中的差异化表达方式。文章通过利用双语词典和平行语料库分析和归纳了“越来越”结构在不同语境和语法结构中的应用。研究结果表明,该结构在英语中表现为多种表达形式,如“m...该文旨在探讨汉语中表达变化或增长程度的“越来越”结构在英语中的差异化表达方式。文章通过利用双语词典和平行语料库分析和归纳了“越来越”结构在不同语境和语法结构中的应用。研究结果表明,该结构在英语中表现为多种表达形式,如“more and more”“increasingly”“from原级…to比较级”和一些特殊表达结构,这种差异化表达不仅体现在词汇选择上,还体现在语法结构、语境使用和文体风格等多个方面。此外,研究还发现了一些特定的词汇搭配和习惯用法,它们在传达“越来越”的意义时具有特殊作用。“越来越”是英语写作中常用的表述,掌握它们有助于丰富英语学习者的语言表达方式,增加语言叙述的多样性和文章可读性。该研究可以为英语学习者和研究者提供有关“越来越”结构在英语中丰富多样表达的深入了解,并为双语词典编纂及教学实践提供参考。展开更多
文摘本文基于最简方案的理论框架,依托语域赋值假说和非选择性约束理论对英语中的回声疑问句进行句法分析。当回声疑问句以单独形式出现时,对于回声问句的应答必须要包含对所有的疑问词的应答;而当回声疑问句作为嵌入句,成为主句的一部分时,应答者被允许只对部分疑问词进行应答。这主要源于在多疑问词条件下,携带不可解读特征[*uWH]的多个标句词成为赋值对象的多种潜在选择,由此引发的广窄域语域指派使得应答者做出或完整或部分的应答,最终导致语域的歧义性。Based on the theoretical framework of the Minimalist Program, this paper analyzes the syntax of echo questions in English by means of Scope Valuing Hypothesis and Unselective Binding Theory. When the echo question appears as a separate form, the answer to it must include the answer to all the wh-questions;when it follows a verb as an embedded clause, the respondent is allowed to respond to only part of the wh-question. This is mainly due to the fact that under the condition of multiple wh-questions, more than one complementizers with strong uninterpretable feature [*uWH] become potential objects to be valued with scope, and the resulting wide-narrow scope valuing difference causes the respondent to make a complete or partial response, which ultimately leads to the scope ambiguity.
文摘本文在生成语法的理论框架下,通过树状图推导和特征核查,来论证英语中动结构在逻辑式层面存在隐性的“Se”类空范畴嵌入。所谓带“Se”结构,是印欧语系罗曼语族(如法语、西班牙语等)中特有的结构形态,其典型结构表现为“se + V”的黏着形式。在树状图生成的过程中,需要考虑“Se”的句法位置和其特征核查关系。理论上,“Se”通常被置于相关动词主导的附着词(Clitic)位置,该位置不仅与核心动词V形成成份统治的关系,同时V能够完成对“Se”的特征核查。从语义功能来看,带“Se”结构主要用以表示自反、相互、被动、绝对等意义。值得注意的是,虽然英语表层结构缺乏显性的“se + V”形态标记,但这种形式上的缺失或简化并未显著影响上述语义功能的表达。英语的中动结构最能体现此类语义特征,而研究发现,其“Se”成分的生成机制或不同于罗曼语族的显性移位,而是在逻辑式层面以隐性空范畴嵌入的形式来实现的。Under the theoretical framework of generative grammar, this paper employs tree diagram generation and feature checking to argue that English middle constructions involve a covert insertion of a “Se”-like empty category at the LF (Logical Form) level. Se-bearing constructions are a unique morphological feature in the Romance languages of the Indo-European family (e.g., French, Spanish), typically manifesting as a bound form of “se + V”. During generating the tree diagram, the syntactic position of “Se” and its feature-checking relationship must be considered. Theoretically, “Se” is generally placed in the Clitic position governed by its relevant verb (V), where it not only forms a c-command relationship with the core verb but also undergoes feature checking by V. From a semantic perspective, Se-bearing structure primarily conveys reflexive, reciprocal, passive, or absolute meanings. Notably, although English lacks overt morphological marking of the “se + V” form in its surface structure, this formal absence or simplification does not significantly hinder the expression of the aforementioned semantic functions. English middle constructions best exemplify such semantic features. The study finds that the generative mechanism of their “Se” component may differ from the overt movement observed in Romance languages, instead being realized in the form of a covert insertion of a “Se”-like empty category at the LF level.
文摘该文旨在探讨汉语中表达变化或增长程度的“越来越”结构在英语中的差异化表达方式。文章通过利用双语词典和平行语料库分析和归纳了“越来越”结构在不同语境和语法结构中的应用。研究结果表明,该结构在英语中表现为多种表达形式,如“more and more”“increasingly”“from原级…to比较级”和一些特殊表达结构,这种差异化表达不仅体现在词汇选择上,还体现在语法结构、语境使用和文体风格等多个方面。此外,研究还发现了一些特定的词汇搭配和习惯用法,它们在传达“越来越”的意义时具有特殊作用。“越来越”是英语写作中常用的表述,掌握它们有助于丰富英语学习者的语言表达方式,增加语言叙述的多样性和文章可读性。该研究可以为英语学习者和研究者提供有关“越来越”结构在英语中丰富多样表达的深入了解,并为双语词典编纂及教学实践提供参考。
