背景:研究发现,运动能通过多个层面信号通路调节自噬,在维持细胞稳态、改善代谢、延缓衰老以及预防疾病等方面都起到关键作用。目的:系统整合运动调控自噬的分子机制,分析它们在不同生理系统中的病理生理作用。方法:通过检索Web of Scie...背景:研究发现,运动能通过多个层面信号通路调节自噬,在维持细胞稳态、改善代谢、延缓衰老以及预防疾病等方面都起到关键作用。目的:系统整合运动调控自噬的分子机制,分析它们在不同生理系统中的病理生理作用。方法:通过检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普数据库中的相关文献,中文检索词为“运动,线粒体自噬,自噬,AMPK/mTOR通路,氧化应激,Nrf2/Beclin1通路,LC3,ULK1,Beclin1,p62”,英文检索词为“Exercise,Autophagy,Mitophagy,Lipophagy,AMPK/mTOR pathway,Oxidative stress,Nrf2/Beclin1 pathway,LC3,ULK1,Beclin1,p62”,根据纳入及排除标准筛选后,对92篇高质量文献进行系统性综述,聚焦分子机制及多系统作用。结果与结论:运动通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶磷酸化Unc-51样激酶1、抑制雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1激活自噬,并依赖贝克林1-Ⅲ型磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶复合物促进自噬体成核过程,调节微管相关蛋白轻链3脂化与自噬相关基因5-自噬相关基因12复合物介导自噬体延伸。氧化应激通过核因子E2相关因子2-自噬相关基因1通路形成“抗氧化-自噬”调控网络,促进线粒体自噬过程,从而清除受损的细胞器。运动通过自噬途径降解肝脏多余的脂质,线粒体自噬增强胰岛素敏感性,从而减轻非酒精性脂肪肝及糖尿病疾病的进展。线粒体自噬清除缺血性心肌损伤细胞内功能失调的线粒体,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,改善心力衰竭及动脉粥样硬化等病理状态。自噬清除阿尔茨海默病相关β-淀粉样蛋白及帕金森病相关α-突触核蛋白,通过提高神经元活性和突触可塑性延缓神经退行性疾病的进展。抗阻运动通过调控胰岛素样生长因子1/雷帕霉素靶蛋白通路平衡蛋白质降解,促进肌肉修复;自噬可通过激活Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路增强成骨细胞分化能力,维持骨骼稳态。运动通过多层次分子网络调节自噬,在多种生理系统中发挥适应性重塑作用。虽然已有大量研究揭示了运动与自噬的关系,但时空特异性作用机制及不同运动模式的精准调控机制仍需进一步研究。展开更多
1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal ...1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.展开更多
Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva a...Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.展开更多
文摘1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.
文摘Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.
