【目的】为探究鞋底纵向弯曲刚度(Longitudinal bending stiffness,LBS)对跑步经济性及运动表现的影响,系统检索了中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science和Elsevier数据库中发表于1995~2025年的相关文献。【分析】纳入31篇文献进行分析,冲...【目的】为探究鞋底纵向弯曲刚度(Longitudinal bending stiffness,LBS)对跑步经济性及运动表现的影响,系统检索了中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science和Elsevier数据库中发表于1995~2025年的相关文献。【分析】纳入31篇文献进行分析,冲刺跑时LBS增加通常伴随冲刺时间缩短;在耐力跑中,LBS对跑步经济性的影响更为复杂,在无氧阈速度下,仅27.3%的研究显示“积极影响”,而在固定速度下这一比例上升至50%。此外,弯曲板材更有利于提升跑步经济性,且中底嵌入式设计效果更佳。【结论】LBS对提升跑步运动表现及改善跑步经济性具有潜力。然而,LBS的效果受个体差异、运动类型和结构设计的影响。未来研究应探索LBS的个性化应用,特别是在不同个体和运动情境下的最佳刚度区间,以优化跑鞋设计并减少运动损伤风险。展开更多
Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is ...Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.展开更多
以Web of Science(WOS)数据库3734篇文献为研究对象,基于文献计量学分析国家(地区)、机构、作者共现、关键词的共现和共被引,探索儿童体质研究的发展状况、研究内容及动态。科研机构集中在美国、西班牙、巴西等国家,高产作者以Ortega FB...以Web of Science(WOS)数据库3734篇文献为研究对象,基于文献计量学分析国家(地区)、机构、作者共现、关键词的共现和共被引,探索儿童体质研究的发展状况、研究内容及动态。科研机构集中在美国、西班牙、巴西等国家,高产作者以Ortega FB、Ruiz JR、Cadenas-Sanchez C等为中心,形成的一个较大的研究团体。高被引期刊涉及《体育运动医学与科学》、《英国运动医学杂志》、《儿科学》等多个国际核心期刊,以运动医学、体育科学、小儿科学等多学科交叉。围绕“体重状况”、“肌肉素质”和“执行功能”等内容展开,以“儿童-超重-流行率-生活质量-肌肉素质-执行功能”为主线贯穿演进脉络。展开更多
文摘【目的】为探究鞋底纵向弯曲刚度(Longitudinal bending stiffness,LBS)对跑步经济性及运动表现的影响,系统检索了中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science和Elsevier数据库中发表于1995~2025年的相关文献。【分析】纳入31篇文献进行分析,冲刺跑时LBS增加通常伴随冲刺时间缩短;在耐力跑中,LBS对跑步经济性的影响更为复杂,在无氧阈速度下,仅27.3%的研究显示“积极影响”,而在固定速度下这一比例上升至50%。此外,弯曲板材更有利于提升跑步经济性,且中底嵌入式设计效果更佳。【结论】LBS对提升跑步运动表现及改善跑步经济性具有潜力。然而,LBS的效果受个体差异、运动类型和结构设计的影响。未来研究应探索LBS的个性化应用,特别是在不同个体和运动情境下的最佳刚度区间,以优化跑鞋设计并减少运动损伤风险。
基金supported by a Project Grant(Grant No.PJT183705)an Early Career Investigator Prize(Grant No.ECP 184184)from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research+7 种基金a Prentice Institute Research Affiliate Fund Grant from the Prentice Institute for Global Population and Economy(Grant No.G00004116)a Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington Division of Science Health Engineering Architecture and Design Innovation Faculty Strategic Research Grant(Grant No.FSRG-SHEADI-10724)The Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre(TPAK)/Thai Health Promotion Foundation provided funding for the cognitive interviews and pilot study in Thailand(Grant No.66-P1-0473)The University Pablo de Olavide provided a scholarship for 2 undergraduate students working on the project(codes PPI2207 and PPI2308)In the Czech Republicthe study was supported by Palacky University IGA(Grant No.IGA_FTK_2023_017)supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Healthsupported by the Key Project of the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD197)。
文摘Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.
