【目的】为探究鞋底纵向弯曲刚度(Longitudinal bending stiffness,LBS)对跑步经济性及运动表现的影响,系统检索了中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science和Elsevier数据库中发表于1995~2025年的相关文献。【分析】纳入31篇文献进行分析,冲...【目的】为探究鞋底纵向弯曲刚度(Longitudinal bending stiffness,LBS)对跑步经济性及运动表现的影响,系统检索了中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science和Elsevier数据库中发表于1995~2025年的相关文献。【分析】纳入31篇文献进行分析,冲刺跑时LBS增加通常伴随冲刺时间缩短;在耐力跑中,LBS对跑步经济性的影响更为复杂,在无氧阈速度下,仅27.3%的研究显示“积极影响”,而在固定速度下这一比例上升至50%。此外,弯曲板材更有利于提升跑步经济性,且中底嵌入式设计效果更佳。【结论】LBS对提升跑步运动表现及改善跑步经济性具有潜力。然而,LBS的效果受个体差异、运动类型和结构设计的影响。未来研究应探索LBS的个性化应用,特别是在不同个体和运动情境下的最佳刚度区间,以优化跑鞋设计并减少运动损伤风险。展开更多
1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconn...1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconnected social,economic,and environmental targets.展开更多
Background:Physical fitness is a key indicator of current and future health in children and adolescents.Evidence suggests that fitness levels have declined then stagnated in recent decades,but it remains unclear how t...Background:Physical fitness is a key indicator of current and future health in children and adolescents.Evidence suggests that fitness levels have declined then stagnated in recent decades,but it remains unclear how the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has impacted this trend.Methods:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess pandemic-related changes in physical fitness among children and adolescents(0-19 years)in the World Health Organization European Region.Seven databases were searched up to February 28,2025 for studies reporting validated pre-and during/post-pandemic fitness measurements.Two reviewers independently performed screening,data extraction,risk-of-bias assessment(Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Exposure)(ROBINS-E),and certainty grading(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation)(GRADE).Random-effects meta-analyses yielded standardized mean differences(SMDs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).Subgroup analyses examined sex,age,year,and national restriction severity(Oxford Stringency Index).Results:Thirty-two studies comprising 270,179 participants and 1,519,386 fitness measurements from 17 European countries were included.Cardiorespiratory fitness declined significantly during the pandemic,especially in 2021,with reductions in endurance(SMD=-0.43;95%CI:-0.61 to-0.25)and speed(SMD=-0.29;95%CI:-0.61 to 0.03).While speed returned to baseline by 2023,endurance remained below pre-pandemic levels(SMD=-0.10;95%CI:-0.12 to-0.08).Girls and adolescents were disproportionately affected.In contrast to cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular fitness remained largely unchanged.Stricter national regulations were associated with greater declines in cardiorespiratory fitness.Conclusion:COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were associated with a marked decline in cardiorespiratory fitness in European children and adolescents,with levels not recovered by 2023.These findings call for urgent,targeted public health interventions to improve physical fitness and prevent long-term health consequences.展开更多
文摘【目的】为探究鞋底纵向弯曲刚度(Longitudinal bending stiffness,LBS)对跑步经济性及运动表现的影响,系统检索了中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science和Elsevier数据库中发表于1995~2025年的相关文献。【分析】纳入31篇文献进行分析,冲刺跑时LBS增加通常伴随冲刺时间缩短;在耐力跑中,LBS对跑步经济性的影响更为复杂,在无氧阈速度下,仅27.3%的研究显示“积极影响”,而在固定速度下这一比例上升至50%。此外,弯曲板材更有利于提升跑步经济性,且中底嵌入式设计效果更佳。【结论】LBS对提升跑步运动表现及改善跑步经济性具有潜力。然而,LBS的效果受个体差异、运动类型和结构设计的影响。未来研究应探索LBS的个性化应用,特别是在不同个体和运动情境下的最佳刚度区间,以优化跑鞋设计并减少运动损伤风险。
文摘1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconnected social,economic,and environmental targets.
文摘Background:Physical fitness is a key indicator of current and future health in children and adolescents.Evidence suggests that fitness levels have declined then stagnated in recent decades,but it remains unclear how the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has impacted this trend.Methods:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess pandemic-related changes in physical fitness among children and adolescents(0-19 years)in the World Health Organization European Region.Seven databases were searched up to February 28,2025 for studies reporting validated pre-and during/post-pandemic fitness measurements.Two reviewers independently performed screening,data extraction,risk-of-bias assessment(Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Exposure)(ROBINS-E),and certainty grading(Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation)(GRADE).Random-effects meta-analyses yielded standardized mean differences(SMDs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).Subgroup analyses examined sex,age,year,and national restriction severity(Oxford Stringency Index).Results:Thirty-two studies comprising 270,179 participants and 1,519,386 fitness measurements from 17 European countries were included.Cardiorespiratory fitness declined significantly during the pandemic,especially in 2021,with reductions in endurance(SMD=-0.43;95%CI:-0.61 to-0.25)and speed(SMD=-0.29;95%CI:-0.61 to 0.03).While speed returned to baseline by 2023,endurance remained below pre-pandemic levels(SMD=-0.10;95%CI:-0.12 to-0.08).Girls and adolescents were disproportionately affected.In contrast to cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular fitness remained largely unchanged.Stricter national regulations were associated with greater declines in cardiorespiratory fitness.Conclusion:COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were associated with a marked decline in cardiorespiratory fitness in European children and adolescents,with levels not recovered by 2023.These findings call for urgent,targeted public health interventions to improve physical fitness and prevent long-term health consequences.
