Flood risk in South Africa remains a problem due to climate change,rapid urbanisation and persistent disparities in the region and low-income urban households are disproportionately impacted because of poor access to ...Flood risk in South Africa remains a problem due to climate change,rapid urbanisation and persistent disparities in the region and low-income urban households are disproportionately impacted because of poor access to affordable flood insurance.This paper constructs the Integrated Market Flood Risk Insurance Framework(IMFRIF)based on a qualitative,desk-based research design consisting of contextual policy analysis,systematic literature review and analytical synthesis through systems thinking.The policy and document analysis reviewed the legislation on national disaster management,insurance and industry reports to determine institutional and market limitations on the provision of flood insurance.A PRISMA-ScR systematic literature review filtered 312 records on Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,which led to the identification of 47 peer-reviewed articles and 15 policy and comparative case studies.Thematic analysis led to the identification of six prevail-ing clusters of barriers based on the influence on insurance uptake,which included affordability and product design,trust and risk perception,data and risk assessment gaps,regulatory capacity,multi-stakeholder coordi-nation,and community engagement.The results of these studies were used to design the IMFRIF,a system incorporating 9 major stakeholder groups and 5 interdependent system components into a single market-based design.The framework provides a systematic foundation to the resolution of systemic exclusion of flood insur-ance,but specifically acknowledges the implementation limitations regarding data availability,regulation ca-pacity,fiscal sustainability and communal level of trust.The IMFRIF is placed as a progressive and responsive system that offers a point of future empirical confirmation and policy implementation to promote inclusive disaster risk financing in South Africa and comparable low-and middle-income contexts.展开更多
德国、美国、英国的社会医疗保险监管组织体系经过多年的发展演变,已形成包括政府监管、非政府机构监管、专业组织监管等在内的多层次的监管体系。我国社会医疗保险监管组织体系仅由政府监管作为主要监管机构,亟待完善。本文认为,应当...德国、美国、英国的社会医疗保险监管组织体系经过多年的发展演变,已形成包括政府监管、非政府机构监管、专业组织监管等在内的多层次的监管体系。我国社会医疗保险监管组织体系仅由政府监管作为主要监管机构,亟待完善。本文认为,应当借鉴德国法定医疗保险(Statutory Health Insurance)、美国老年人社会医疗保险(Medicare)、英国国民健康服务(National Health Service,NHS)的监管组织框架、监管内容及监管方式,加强我国医疗保险政府主管部门在社会医疗保险相关法律政策制定方面的职责,设立专门的社会医疗保险监管机构进行独立监管,成立专业机构开展辅助监管,建立社会医疗保险诉讼处理机构以完善诉讼机制。展开更多
文摘Flood risk in South Africa remains a problem due to climate change,rapid urbanisation and persistent disparities in the region and low-income urban households are disproportionately impacted because of poor access to affordable flood insurance.This paper constructs the Integrated Market Flood Risk Insurance Framework(IMFRIF)based on a qualitative,desk-based research design consisting of contextual policy analysis,systematic literature review and analytical synthesis through systems thinking.The policy and document analysis reviewed the legislation on national disaster management,insurance and industry reports to determine institutional and market limitations on the provision of flood insurance.A PRISMA-ScR systematic literature review filtered 312 records on Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,which led to the identification of 47 peer-reviewed articles and 15 policy and comparative case studies.Thematic analysis led to the identification of six prevail-ing clusters of barriers based on the influence on insurance uptake,which included affordability and product design,trust and risk perception,data and risk assessment gaps,regulatory capacity,multi-stakeholder coordi-nation,and community engagement.The results of these studies were used to design the IMFRIF,a system incorporating 9 major stakeholder groups and 5 interdependent system components into a single market-based design.The framework provides a systematic foundation to the resolution of systemic exclusion of flood insur-ance,but specifically acknowledges the implementation limitations regarding data availability,regulation ca-pacity,fiscal sustainability and communal level of trust.The IMFRIF is placed as a progressive and responsive system that offers a point of future empirical confirmation and policy implementation to promote inclusive disaster risk financing in South Africa and comparable low-and middle-income contexts.
文摘德国、美国、英国的社会医疗保险监管组织体系经过多年的发展演变,已形成包括政府监管、非政府机构监管、专业组织监管等在内的多层次的监管体系。我国社会医疗保险监管组织体系仅由政府监管作为主要监管机构,亟待完善。本文认为,应当借鉴德国法定医疗保险(Statutory Health Insurance)、美国老年人社会医疗保险(Medicare)、英国国民健康服务(National Health Service,NHS)的监管组织框架、监管内容及监管方式,加强我国医疗保险政府主管部门在社会医疗保险相关法律政策制定方面的职责,设立专门的社会医疗保险监管机构进行独立监管,成立专业机构开展辅助监管,建立社会医疗保险诉讼处理机构以完善诉讼机制。
