在法国,那片一望无际的薰衣草花海,一直是浪漫与美丽的象征。如今,这片薰衣草海洋中出现了黄色条纹。为什么法国的这个标志性景观在改变?The sun-kissed slopes of Provence,France,have long buzzed with the gentle hum of bees among...在法国,那片一望无际的薰衣草花海,一直是浪漫与美丽的象征。如今,这片薰衣草海洋中出现了黄色条纹。为什么法国的这个标志性景观在改变?The sun-kissed slopes of Provence,France,have long buzzed with the gentle hum of bees among fields of lavender.The cultivation of lavender in this region took root in Roman times.展开更多
About 44%of the world’s cocoa is produced in one single country,Côte d’Ivoire.Providing this important raw material,most Ivorian cocoa farmers live in severe poverty,which,despite a multitude of sector interven...About 44%of the world’s cocoa is produced in one single country,Côte d’Ivoire.Providing this important raw material,most Ivorian cocoa farmers live in severe poverty,which,despite a multitude of sector interventions,is still widespread,affecting social and environmental sustainability in cocoa production.In this context,cocoa farmers are still often treated as a homogeneous group of small-scale producers(mainly males),resulting in interventions being conceptualized as one-size-fits-all approaches and failing to deliver support schemes that take farmers’specific conditions appropriately into account.Applying a broader typology approach that combines farm characteristics with farmers’characteristics,this study aims to delineate Ivorian cocoa farmers and their farms into specific types in order to improve advice for targeted sustainability interventions and living income(LI)potentials.Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis of a household dataset collected in 2022 in five cocoa-growing regions of Côte d’Ivoire were chosen to identify types of male-headed farms.To assure gender sensitive analysis,a female-headed farm type was created artificially.The specific characteristics of the identified types were captured using descriptive analysis.Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were then applied to examine the relationships between these farm types and various outcomes.Additionally,a binary logistic model was used to estimate the probability of these links in relation to variables relevant for achieving a LI.Finally,Spearman non-parametric correlation was used to identify eventual differences in the strength of relationships between key variables per farm type.Three different types of male-headed farms are identified:type 1(the most productive and diversified farms with larger size),type 2(middle-sized farms with strong focus on cash crops),and type 3(small-sized farms with a good level of diversification for self-consumption).The artificially created type 4 represents female-headed farms with the smallest size.On average,none of these farm types achieves a LI.However,type 1 shows the smallest LI gap,while type 4 is by far the worst.Our analyses reveal underlying socio-economic factors systematically disadvantaging female-headed cocoa farms,most notably limited access to land and other material assets.The key contribution of this study lies in the empirical identification of the different characteristics of farms in a given farming system,thereby identifying the need for targeted support interventions.Type-specific recommendations are made,showing pathways to provide tailored programs to farmers of different types in order to reduce their LI gaps.展开更多
搭建全球协同的产业合作平台,联合全供应链利益相关方的成员,共同定义可持续棕榈油的标准与实践路径,让可持续发展从概念转化为行业共识。棕榈油,全球产量最高、用途最广的植物油,年消费量超7000万吨,从食品加工、日化用品到生物燃料,...搭建全球协同的产业合作平台,联合全供应链利益相关方的成员,共同定义可持续棕榈油的标准与实践路径,让可持续发展从概念转化为行业共识。棕榈油,全球产量最高、用途最广的植物油,年消费量超7000万吨,从食品加工、日化用品到生物燃料,深度融入人类生产生活的方方面面。然而,传统棕榈油种植带来的毁林风险、生物多样性丧失等问题,让“可持续转型”成为行业发展的必答题,也成为全球气候治理与生态保护的重要议题。随着全球可持续发展意识提升,可持续棕榈油实现快速发展。推动可持续棕榈油的生产与消费,已从行业自发行动升级为全球共识。2025年,更是被全球环境治理领域视为“关键行动年”。2025年11月3—5日由可持续棕榈油圆桌倡议(Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil,RSPO)主办的可持续棕榈油年度全球圆桌会议(RT2025)在马来西亚吉隆坡举办,汇聚全球产业链各方力量,共探行业转型的路径与未来。展开更多
文摘在法国,那片一望无际的薰衣草花海,一直是浪漫与美丽的象征。如今,这片薰衣草海洋中出现了黄色条纹。为什么法国的这个标志性景观在改变?The sun-kissed slopes of Provence,France,have long buzzed with the gentle hum of bees among fields of lavender.The cultivation of lavender in this region took root in Roman times.
基金This work was conducted in the frame of the accompanying research on strategies for improving farmer families’incomes and sustainable cocoa production funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development(BMZ).
文摘About 44%of the world’s cocoa is produced in one single country,Côte d’Ivoire.Providing this important raw material,most Ivorian cocoa farmers live in severe poverty,which,despite a multitude of sector interventions,is still widespread,affecting social and environmental sustainability in cocoa production.In this context,cocoa farmers are still often treated as a homogeneous group of small-scale producers(mainly males),resulting in interventions being conceptualized as one-size-fits-all approaches and failing to deliver support schemes that take farmers’specific conditions appropriately into account.Applying a broader typology approach that combines farm characteristics with farmers’characteristics,this study aims to delineate Ivorian cocoa farmers and their farms into specific types in order to improve advice for targeted sustainability interventions and living income(LI)potentials.Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis of a household dataset collected in 2022 in five cocoa-growing regions of Côte d’Ivoire were chosen to identify types of male-headed farms.To assure gender sensitive analysis,a female-headed farm type was created artificially.The specific characteristics of the identified types were captured using descriptive analysis.Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were then applied to examine the relationships between these farm types and various outcomes.Additionally,a binary logistic model was used to estimate the probability of these links in relation to variables relevant for achieving a LI.Finally,Spearman non-parametric correlation was used to identify eventual differences in the strength of relationships between key variables per farm type.Three different types of male-headed farms are identified:type 1(the most productive and diversified farms with larger size),type 2(middle-sized farms with strong focus on cash crops),and type 3(small-sized farms with a good level of diversification for self-consumption).The artificially created type 4 represents female-headed farms with the smallest size.On average,none of these farm types achieves a LI.However,type 1 shows the smallest LI gap,while type 4 is by far the worst.Our analyses reveal underlying socio-economic factors systematically disadvantaging female-headed cocoa farms,most notably limited access to land and other material assets.The key contribution of this study lies in the empirical identification of the different characteristics of farms in a given farming system,thereby identifying the need for targeted support interventions.Type-specific recommendations are made,showing pathways to provide tailored programs to farmers of different types in order to reduce their LI gaps.
文摘搭建全球协同的产业合作平台,联合全供应链利益相关方的成员,共同定义可持续棕榈油的标准与实践路径,让可持续发展从概念转化为行业共识。棕榈油,全球产量最高、用途最广的植物油,年消费量超7000万吨,从食品加工、日化用品到生物燃料,深度融入人类生产生活的方方面面。然而,传统棕榈油种植带来的毁林风险、生物多样性丧失等问题,让“可持续转型”成为行业发展的必答题,也成为全球气候治理与生态保护的重要议题。随着全球可持续发展意识提升,可持续棕榈油实现快速发展。推动可持续棕榈油的生产与消费,已从行业自发行动升级为全球共识。2025年,更是被全球环境治理领域视为“关键行动年”。2025年11月3—5日由可持续棕榈油圆桌倡议(Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil,RSPO)主办的可持续棕榈油年度全球圆桌会议(RT2025)在马来西亚吉隆坡举办,汇聚全球产业链各方力量,共探行业转型的路径与未来。
