Geography is a discipline that touches multiple sciences and has been key to bridging numerous fields of knowl edge.This gives geography the advantage of connecting natural(e.g.,biology,ecology,climatology,geomorphol ...Geography is a discipline that touches multiple sciences and has been key to bridging numerous fields of knowl edge.This gives geography the advantage of connecting natural(e.g.,biology,ecology,climatology,geomorphol ogy)with social and human(e.g.,education,demography,sociology)sciences.The spatialisation of information from different sciences allows us to understand distribution patterns and connections between different realities.Thus,geographical knowledge is essential for an integrated and consistent understanding of our world.The Sus tainable Development Goals(SDGs)established by the United Nations(UN)in 2015 were essential to unifying the world towards a common goal.To achieve these,17 goals and 169 targets were created,and knowledge from multiple sciences is needed to support them.It is a huge challenge,and different knowledge branches are needed to connect.Geography and geographical knowledge have this capacity and support all 17 goals and 169 targets.Although this is a reality,as it will be explained in this editorial,SDG’s achievement for some is becoming utopic and unrealistic due to our world’s differences.It is time to think about the post-2030 SDGs,in which geography and geographic knowledge will be essential unequivocally.展开更多
Background The effects of war on biodiversity,habitats,ecosystem services,and water,seafood,and fishing resources are complex and long-lasting,yet their ongoing environmental analyses are limited.The Russia–Ukraine W...Background The effects of war on biodiversity,habitats,ecosystem services,and water,seafood,and fishing resources are complex and long-lasting,yet their ongoing environmental analyses are limited.The Russia–Ukraine War(2022–present)comprises a unique ecological situation to examine biodiversity effects on the distinctive cold-temperate northern Black Sea ecosystem,which has an intriguing biogeographic history and high endemism resulting from geographic isolation and differentiation.Results We summarize negative and positive effects from the War on the aquatic(marine,estuarine,and freshwater)biota and their habitats,focusing on investigations by the Institute of Marine Biology,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.Negative effects include toxins and habitat damage from oil spills,shelling,mining,explosions,flooding,and fires;along with disregard of Protected Areas.Positive effects are reduced anthropogenic loads from less shipping,fishing,trawling,recreation,hydraulic engineering,construction,and tourism.The Kakhovka Dam's destruction on June 6,2023 was the greatest ecological catastrophe to date,causing extensive downstream flooding with freshwaters and pollutants that destroyed many populations and habitats.We discern that many effects have been temporary,with habitats and species replenishing,and some reverting to their historical biota characteristic of lower salinity regimes.However,significant habitat destruction,disturbances,and pollutant damages remain.Since many of the native species evolved in conditions favoring broad salinity,temperature,and oxygen tolerances,the northern Black Sea ecosystem appears pre-adapted for ecological recovery and persistence,which may equate to ecological resilience during and after the War.Conclusions The native biota exhibits long-term adaptiveness to marked salinity and temperature fluctuations,alongside a background of invasive species.An evolutionary and recent history of broad environmental tolerances by a large proportion of Black Sea species may enhance their ability to withstand marked environmental changes,including habitat destruction,as during the Kakhovka Dam's breakage and other stressors that continue during the Russia–Ukraine War.The Black Sea community's overall ecological resilience is likely to facilitate persistence and adaptation to the War's effects and the accelerating impacts of climate change,increased global transportation,and invasive species—meriting worldwide conservation agency focus and cooperation.展开更多
文摘Geography is a discipline that touches multiple sciences and has been key to bridging numerous fields of knowl edge.This gives geography the advantage of connecting natural(e.g.,biology,ecology,climatology,geomorphol ogy)with social and human(e.g.,education,demography,sociology)sciences.The spatialisation of information from different sciences allows us to understand distribution patterns and connections between different realities.Thus,geographical knowledge is essential for an integrated and consistent understanding of our world.The Sus tainable Development Goals(SDGs)established by the United Nations(UN)in 2015 were essential to unifying the world towards a common goal.To achieve these,17 goals and 169 targets were created,and knowledge from multiple sciences is needed to support them.It is a huge challenge,and different knowledge branches are needed to connect.Geography and geographical knowledge have this capacity and support all 17 goals and 169 targets.Although this is a reality,as it will be explained in this editorial,SDG’s achievement for some is becoming utopic and unrealistic due to our world’s differences.It is time to think about the post-2030 SDGs,in which geography and geographic knowledge will be essential unequivocally.
文摘Background The effects of war on biodiversity,habitats,ecosystem services,and water,seafood,and fishing resources are complex and long-lasting,yet their ongoing environmental analyses are limited.The Russia–Ukraine War(2022–present)comprises a unique ecological situation to examine biodiversity effects on the distinctive cold-temperate northern Black Sea ecosystem,which has an intriguing biogeographic history and high endemism resulting from geographic isolation and differentiation.Results We summarize negative and positive effects from the War on the aquatic(marine,estuarine,and freshwater)biota and their habitats,focusing on investigations by the Institute of Marine Biology,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.Negative effects include toxins and habitat damage from oil spills,shelling,mining,explosions,flooding,and fires;along with disregard of Protected Areas.Positive effects are reduced anthropogenic loads from less shipping,fishing,trawling,recreation,hydraulic engineering,construction,and tourism.The Kakhovka Dam's destruction on June 6,2023 was the greatest ecological catastrophe to date,causing extensive downstream flooding with freshwaters and pollutants that destroyed many populations and habitats.We discern that many effects have been temporary,with habitats and species replenishing,and some reverting to their historical biota characteristic of lower salinity regimes.However,significant habitat destruction,disturbances,and pollutant damages remain.Since many of the native species evolved in conditions favoring broad salinity,temperature,and oxygen tolerances,the northern Black Sea ecosystem appears pre-adapted for ecological recovery and persistence,which may equate to ecological resilience during and after the War.Conclusions The native biota exhibits long-term adaptiveness to marked salinity and temperature fluctuations,alongside a background of invasive species.An evolutionary and recent history of broad environmental tolerances by a large proportion of Black Sea species may enhance their ability to withstand marked environmental changes,including habitat destruction,as during the Kakhovka Dam's breakage and other stressors that continue during the Russia–Ukraine War.The Black Sea community's overall ecological resilience is likely to facilitate persistence and adaptation to the War's effects and the accelerating impacts of climate change,increased global transportation,and invasive species—meriting worldwide conservation agency focus and cooperation.
