Acute lung injury(ALI)is a significant complication of sepsis,characterized by high morbidity,mortality,and poor prognosis.Neutrophils,as critical intrinsic immune cells in the lung,play a fundamental role in the deve...Acute lung injury(ALI)is a significant complication of sepsis,characterized by high morbidity,mortality,and poor prognosis.Neutrophils,as critical intrinsic immune cells in the lung,play a fundamental role in the development and progression of ALI.During ALI,neutrophils generate neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),and excessive NETs can intensify inflammatory injury.Research indicates that Taohe Chengqi decoction(THCQD)can ameliorate sepsis-induced lung inflammation and modulate immune function.This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which THCQD improves ALI and its relationship with NETs in sepsis patients,seeking to provide novel perspectives and interventions for clinical treatment.The findings demonstrate that THCQD enhanced survival rates and reduced lung injury in the cecum ligation and puncture(CLP)-induced ALI mouse model.Furthermore,THCQD diminished neutrophil and macrophage infiltration,inflammatory responses,and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α).Notably,subsequent experiments confirmed that THCQD inhibits NET formation both in vivo and in vitro.Moreover,THCQD significantly decreased the expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4(PAD4)protein,and molecular docking predicted that certain active compounds in THCQD could bind tightly to PAD4.PAD4 overexpression partially reversed THCQD’s inhibitory effects on PAD4.These findings strongly indicate that THCQD mitigates CLP-induced ALI by inhibiting PAD4-mediated NETs.展开更多
Dear Editor,Amplexus,a reproductive behavior in which the male clasps the female dorsally,is a characteristic of amphibians(Wells,2007).Most species exhibit either inguinal or axillary amplexus,although some reproduce...Dear Editor,Amplexus,a reproductive behavior in which the male clasps the female dorsally,is a characteristic of amphibians(Wells,2007).Most species exhibit either inguinal or axillary amplexus,although some reproduce without it(Wells,2007).While male-female amplexus is predominant,other forms such as male-male and multiple-male amplexus have also been documented(Soni et al.,2025).Release calls are typically produced by amplexed males to signal mating mismatches and mitigate the costs of inappropriate clasping(Kelehear and Shine,2019).Female-female amplexus,however,is rare and considered maladaptive,as it does not lead to fertilization(Chuang et al.,2019).展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of infant feces-derived Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 on rheumatoid cachexia(RC).Twenty-four female Wistar rats were assigned to 3 groups:CON group(normal saline by gavage)...This study aimed to investigate the effects of infant feces-derived Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 on rheumatoid cachexia(RC).Twenty-four female Wistar rats were assigned to 3 groups:CON group(normal saline by gavage),CIA group(collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),normal saline by gavage),and CCFM1078 group(CIA,3×10^(9)CFU/(rat·day)B.breve CCFM1078 gavage).The results demonstrated that B.breve CCFM1078 not only improved skeletal muscle function in CIA rats,but also modulated the gut microbiota,skeletal muscle metabolism and hormone levels,reduced inflammation in the knee joint and skeletal muscles,decreased activity of the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)inflammatory signaling pathway,enhanced the insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway,promoted skeletal muscle differentiation,and maintained skeletal muscle fiber diameter,consequently slowing down the progression of RC.These findings suggested that B.breve CCFM1078 may have a beneficial role as part of a dietary intervention for RC,enhancing overall therapeutic effects.展开更多
Materials exhibiting broadband nonlinear optical responses are critically important for ultrafast photonics applications,particularly as saturable absorbers(SAs)that facilitate broadband optical pulse generation.In th...Materials exhibiting broadband nonlinear optical responses are critically important for ultrafast photonics applications,particularly as saturable absorbers(SAs)that facilitate broadband optical pulse generation.In this study,tea polyphenolpolyvinyl alcohol(TP-PVA)composite films are synthesized via a polymer embedding method and employed as SAs to initiate ultrafast pulse operation in fiber lasers.The TP-PVA SA film exhibits excellent broadband saturable absorption performance at wavelengths of 1.0μm,1.5μm,and 2.0μm,with modulation depths of 54.21%,41.41%,and 51.16%,respectively.Stable passively mode-locked pulses with pulse widths of 588 fs,419 fs,and 743 fs are generated in Yb-,Er-,and Tm-doped fiber lasers,respectively.This work confirms the effective performance of TP-PVA as a broadband SA,and establishes a foundation for the integration of novel and sustainable materials within ultrafast photonic systems.The approach paves the way for developing compact broadband ultrafast laser systems operating in the near-infrared spectral region.展开更多
Background:Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming healthcare,demanding reevaluation of medical education.China's“New Medical Education”initiative urgently requires a standardized AI literacy framework for me...Background:Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming healthcare,demanding reevaluation of medical education.China's“New Medical Education”initiative urgently requires a standardized AI literacy framework for medical students to address fragmented standards,rapid technological evolution,and insufficient localized ethical norms.Objective:To establish a Chinese expert consensus defining core AI competencies and a multi-modal assessment framework for medical students.Methods:A multidisciplinary(including medical education,clinical medicine,medical AI,public health,and medical ethics)expert group(n=32)developed an initial competency list based on the“Knowledge-Skills-Attitude”Medical Competency Model.Two Delphi rounds(100%response rate;consensus threshold:mean≥4.0,CV≤0.25)refined the framework.Core competencies were prioritized via Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).The final consensus document was established after multiple expert group meetings.Results:The consensus defines AI literacy for medical students as a comprehensive attribute for integrating AI into profes-sional knowledge,clinical practice,research,and health management.It comprises a 21-item Competencies of AI Proficiency(CAIP)list across knowledge(eight indicators),skills(seven indicators),and attitude(six indicators)dimensions.Key com-petencies prioritized include understanding AI's role in multidisciplinary knowledge integration(CAIP3),identifying AI output biases(CAIP4),understanding health data governance(CAIP2),maintaining physician-led AI-assisted diagnosis(CAIP16),and identifying AI diagnostic biases(CAIP12).A multi-modal assessment framework is recommended,including paper-based/computerized tests for knowledge,situational judgment tests(SJTs)for attitudes,and objective structured clinical examinations(OSCEs)with a specific“AI Clinical Decision Conflict Scoring Scale”for skills.A multi-stage dynamic assessment system(“Pre-enrollment-Pre-clinical-Post-clinical”)is proposed for longitudinal tracking.Educational integration pathways emphasize embedding AI literacy modularly from early undergraduate years,constructing an integrated curriculum covering fundamental principles,advanced large model applications(e.g.,prompt engineering,agent development),and ethical considerations,supported by a"digital twin hospital platform."Conclusion:This consensus provides authoritative,China-specific guidance for defining and assessing medical students'AI literacy,adhering to national policies and regulations.It offers a core action framework for optimizing AI integration into medical education,fostering future healthcare professionals proficient in both AI technology and medical humanism,with a commitment to dynamic updating to adapt to evolving AI advancements.展开更多
Objective:Clinical use of stimulator of interferon genes(STING)agonists has challenges due to poor responsiveness and variable efficacy.Therefore,identifying tumor types that are sensitive to these agents and clarifyi...Objective:Clinical use of stimulator of interferon genes(STING)agonists has challenges due to poor responsiveness and variable efficacy.Therefore,identifying tumor types that are sensitive to these agents and clarifying the underlying mechanisms are essential.Methods:In vitro screening was performed to identify tumor types that are sensitive to STING agonists.The non-nucleotide agonist,SR-717,and the macrocyclic agonist,E7766,were compared for efficacy.Complementary in vivo and in vitro studies,including gene-knockout models,HMGN2-knockout Neuro-2A and CT-2A cells apoptosis assays,and murine tumor models,were then performed.These experiments focused on the mechanism by which SR-717 mediates antitumor effects and emphasized the role of STING signaling-induced high-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 2(HMGN2).In addition,the potential of HMGN2 as a prognostic biomarker was assessed.Results:Neuroblastomas and glioblastomas,two nervous system tumors,were shown to be sensitive to STING agonists.SR-717 exhibited greater antitumor efficacy compared to E7766.Mechanistic studies indicated that STING agonists promote apoptosis through activation of the intrinsic STING-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)-HMGN2 axis within tumor cells.Ectopic expression of HMGN2 in melanoma cells,which naturally lack HMGN2,led to significant apoptosis.Furthermore,analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases revealed positive correlation between elevated HMGN2 expression and patient survival,supporting the utility of HMGN2 as a prognostic biomarker.Conclusions:This study clarified the mechanism underlying the potent antitumor activity of SR-717 in nervous system tumors through activation of the STING-STAT1-HMGN2 signaling pathway and demonstrated that SR-717 has superior efficacy compared to E7766.In addition,HMGN2 was shown to exhibit translational potential as a prognostic biomarker for patient survival.展开更多
Human action recognition(HAR)is crucial for the development of efficient computer vision,where bioinspired neuromorphic perception visual systems have emerged as a vital solution to address transmission bottlenecks ac...Human action recognition(HAR)is crucial for the development of efficient computer vision,where bioinspired neuromorphic perception visual systems have emerged as a vital solution to address transmission bottlenecks across sensor-processor interfaces.However,the absence of interactions among versatile biomimicking functionalities within a single device,which was developed for specific vision tasks,restricts the computational capacity,practicality,and scalability of in-sensor vision computing.Here,we propose a bioinspired vision sensor composed of a Ga N/Al N-based ultrathin quantum-disks-in-nanowires(QD-NWs)array to mimic not only Parvo cells for high-contrast vision and Magno cells for dynamic vision in the human retina but also the synergistic activity between the two cells for in-sensor vision computing.By simply tuning the applied bias voltage on each QD-NW-array-based pixel,we achieve two biosimilar photoresponse characteristics with slow and fast reactions to light stimuli that enhance the in-sensor image quality and HAR efficiency,respectively.Strikingly,the interplay and synergistic interaction of the two photoresponse modes within a single device markedly increased the HAR recognition accuracy from 51.4%to 81.4%owing to the integrated artificial vision system.The demonstration of an intelligent vision sensor offers a promising device platform for the development of highly efficient HAR systems and future smart optoelectronics.展开更多
Fine-grained nuclear graphite is a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).During air ingress accidents,core graphite components undergo severe oxidation,threatening structural integrity.Therefore,...Fine-grained nuclear graphite is a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).During air ingress accidents,core graphite components undergo severe oxidation,threatening structural integrity.Therefore,understanding the oxidation behavior of nuclear graphite is essential for reactor safety.The influence of oxidation involves multiple factors,including temperature,sample size,oxidant,impurities,filler type and size,etc.The size of the filler particles plays a crucial role in this study.Five ultrafine-and superfine-grained nuclear graphite samples(5.9-34.4μm)are manufactured using identical raw materials and manufacturing processes.Isothermal oxidation tests conducted at 650℃-750℃ are used to study the oxidation behavior.Additionally,comprehensive characterization is performed to analyze the crystal structure,surface morphology,and nanoscale to microscale pore structure of the samples.Results indicate that oxidation behavior cannot be predicted solely based on filler grain size.Reactive site concentration,characterized by active surface area,dominates the chemical reaction kinetics,whereas pore tortuosity,quantified by the structural parameterΨ,plays a key role in regulating oxidant diffusion.These findings clarify the dual role of microstructure in oxidation mechanisms and establish a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of high-performance nuclear graphite capable of long-term service in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.展开更多
Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))battery is favored among“beyond lithiumion”technologies for sustainability because of its exceptional energy density.Major impediments are the poor cycle stability and grievous capacity degra...Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))battery is favored among“beyond lithiumion”technologies for sustainability because of its exceptional energy density.Major impediments are the poor cycle stability and grievous capacity degradation at high current densities.We address these issues by a“killing two birds with one stone”O_(2)-pressure protocol.It first resolves efficient O_(2) mass transport at high rates..The accelerated reaction kinetics optimizes the composition and growth pathway of discharge products.This protocol secondly achieves protection of Li anodes via densifying corrosion layers on them.Consequently,the battery delivers both ultrahigh discharge capacity(>9,000 mAh g^(-1))at 3,000 mA g^(-1) and excellent cycling stability.Under a dual-strategy effect of high-pressure O_(2) and artificial protection layers,the battery actualizes over 11-fold increase in cycle life of 5,170 h(2,585 cycles).The strategy opens avenues for advancing Li-O_(2) batteries towards practical application and confers the extension to other gas-based batteries.展开更多
The introduction of two-dimensional(2D)perovskite layers on top of three-dimensional(3D)perovskite films enhances the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the electronic effect of the spac...The introduction of two-dimensional(2D)perovskite layers on top of three-dimensional(3D)perovskite films enhances the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the electronic effect of the spacer cation and the quality of the 2D capping layer are critical factors in achieving the required results.In this study,we compared two fluorinated salts:4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamidine hydrochloride(4TF-BA·HCl)and 4-fluorobenzamidine hydrochloride(4F-BA·HCl)to engineer the 3D/2D perovskite films.Surprisingly,4F-BA formed a high-performance 3D/2D heterojunction,while4TF-BA produced an amorphous layer on the perovskite films.Our findings indicate that the balanced intramolecular charge polarization,which leads to effective hydrogen bonding,is more favorable in 4F-BA than in 4TF-BA,promoting the formation of a crystalline 2D perovskite.Nevertheless,4TF-BA managed to improve efficiency to 24%,surpassing the control device,primarily due to the natural passivation capabilities of benzamidine.Interestingly,the devices based on 4F-BA demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 25%with greater longevity under various storage conditions compared to 4TF-BA-based and the control devices.展开更多
Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electro...Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the semi-virtual simulation and traditional simulation teaching models based on the Standards of Best Practice(SOBP)according to the International Nursing As...Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the semi-virtual simulation and traditional simulation teaching models based on the Standards of Best Practice(SOBP)according to the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning(INACSL)in the Adult Nursing course.Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design.A total of 94 third-year nursing students from a university in Beijing between November and December 2022 were recruited as participants.An innovative semi-virtual simulation teaching model was designed based on the SOBP established by the INACSL.In the Adult Nursing course,both the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models were implemented.At the end of the simulation sessions,participants completed the Chinese version of the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified(SET-M)to assess the effectiveness of the two teaching models.Results All nursing students completed the simulation sessions.There was no difference(t=−0.93,P=0.353)in the total scores between the semi-virtual simulation teaching model(50.87±5.30)and the traditional simulation teaching model(50.37±5.16).However,there was a statistically significant difference(t=−2.65,P=0.010)in the prebriefing section(semi-virtual simulation:5.60±0.71;traditional simulation:5.33±0.78).In contrast,no statistically significant differences were found for the scenario and debriefing sections(P>0.05).At the individual item level,statistical differences(P<0.05)between the two models were identified for items 1 and 9,but not for the remaining items(P>0.05).By analyzing the open-ended question,it was found that both simulation models were effective,and students’comments were similar.Conclusions The study demonstrated equivalent effectiveness between the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models.Semi-virtual simulation teaching model could offer a more flexible and feasible approach to simulation teaching.展开更多
The past two years have witnessed remarkable progress in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),marked by breakthroughs in power conversion efficiency and strides in addressing long-term operational stability.At present,the cer...The past two years have witnessed remarkable progress in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),marked by breakthroughs in power conversion efficiency and strides in addressing long-term operational stability.At present,the certified power conversion efficiencies of singlejunction PSCs and silicon/perovskite tandem cells have surpassed 27%and 34%,respectively.Regarding stability,researchers begun to focus their attention on the challenges faced by PSCs when operated in outdoor environments.Furthermore,breakthroughs in the utilization of green solvents,fabrication in ambient air conditions,aqueous-phase synthesis of perovskite raw materials at kilogram scale,vacuum flash evaporation,and machine learning-assisted design are accelerating the commercialization of PSCs.The review summarizes the key advancements of PSCs during 2024-2025.It identifies a critical performance discrepancy between small-area devices and perovskite solar modules and delves into strategies aimed at bridging this gap.Finally,perspectives on the future directions of PSCs are presented,with a particular emphasis on improving photocurrent and environmental sustainability.展开更多
CB chondrite is a class of meteorite rich in metal composition,and its characteristics are obviously different from other chondrite groups.These meteorites are distinguished by their content of up to 60% to 70%FeNi me...CB chondrite is a class of meteorite rich in metal composition,and its characteristics are obviously different from other chondrite groups.These meteorites are distinguished by their content of up to 60% to 70%FeNi metals and sulfides,in addition to their extreme lack of volatile and moderately volatile elements,less refractory inclusions,and almost no fine-grained matrix.Sierra Gorda 013(SG013)is a metal-rich chondritic meteorite of the CBa type.It has two different lithologies within SG 013:Lithology 1and Lithology 2.Lithology 1 is an anomalous CBa chondrite containing chromite-pyroxene complex assemblage,whereas Lithology 2 is featured by recrystallization with small chondrules and contains much less iron nickel metal than Lithology 1.Although the two lithologies have essentially the same oxygen isotope composition,their structures are different from each other,suggesting that they probably underwent distinct formation and evolution processes from common precursors.In this study,the mineralogy of SG013 chondrites is studied by means of petrographic observation,semi-quantitative analysis of chemical composition,fabric identification of minerals and integrated mineral phase analysis,while studying the mineralogy of SG 013,and the fabric characteristics of SG 013 are studied in detail.Different from previous studies,here we find that Lithology 1 of SG 013 contains non-porphyritic chondrules and metallic silicate globules,while Lithology 2 not only contains nonporphyritic chondrules and metallic-silicate globules,but also porphyritic chondrules.In this thesis,Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis of magnesium olivine in metal-silicate globules and porphyritic chondrules in L2 of SG 013 shows that some magnesium olivine form under conditions of lower temperature and faster strain rate during uniaxial compression,where deformation of the olivine is dominated by dislocation glide.However,at higher temperatures and slower strain rates,the fabric of B-axis([100])is concentrated,indicating that the porphyritic chondrules may be dominated by the compaction of olivine particles,leading to dynamic recrystallization in the peripheral region or outer layer of the magnesium olivine crystal.New grains formed by dynamic recrystallization occur at the edges of residual grains and,their orientation is controlled by stress.It is found that the formation position of magnesium olivine in different chondrules of SG 013 from the inside out,with the gradual reduction of stress and the gradual increase of temperature,these local physicochemical changes reveal the complex thermal history and dynamic processes that chondrules undergo during their formation and evolution.展开更多
基金supporteded by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Nos.82374183,82405092,82204991,82274246,and 82374341)the Planned Science TechnologyProjectofGuangzhouCity(Nos.2023A03J0419and2023A03J0420)+3 种基金the General Project of Natural Science Foundationof Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515011090)Hong KongScholars Program 2024(No.XJ2024005)the Basic and AppliedBasic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021A151510809)the Project of Administration of TraditionalChinese Medicine of Guangdong Province of China(No.20223013).
文摘Acute lung injury(ALI)is a significant complication of sepsis,characterized by high morbidity,mortality,and poor prognosis.Neutrophils,as critical intrinsic immune cells in the lung,play a fundamental role in the development and progression of ALI.During ALI,neutrophils generate neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),and excessive NETs can intensify inflammatory injury.Research indicates that Taohe Chengqi decoction(THCQD)can ameliorate sepsis-induced lung inflammation and modulate immune function.This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which THCQD improves ALI and its relationship with NETs in sepsis patients,seeking to provide novel perspectives and interventions for clinical treatment.The findings demonstrate that THCQD enhanced survival rates and reduced lung injury in the cecum ligation and puncture(CLP)-induced ALI mouse model.Furthermore,THCQD diminished neutrophil and macrophage infiltration,inflammatory responses,and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α).Notably,subsequent experiments confirmed that THCQD inhibits NET formation both in vivo and in vitro.Moreover,THCQD significantly decreased the expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4(PAD4)protein,and molecular docking predicted that certain active compounds in THCQD could bind tightly to PAD4.PAD4 overexpression partially reversed THCQD’s inhibitory effects on PAD4.These findings strongly indicate that THCQD mitigates CLP-induced ALI by inhibiting PAD4-mediated NETs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32571739,32270457,31872216,and 31670392)In addition,this study received approval from the Experimental Animal Ethics and Management Committee of Anhui University(IACUC(AHU)-2024-050).
文摘Dear Editor,Amplexus,a reproductive behavior in which the male clasps the female dorsally,is a characteristic of amphibians(Wells,2007).Most species exhibit either inguinal or axillary amplexus,although some reproduce without it(Wells,2007).While male-female amplexus is predominant,other forms such as male-male and multiple-male amplexus have also been documented(Soni et al.,2025).Release calls are typically produced by amplexed males to signal mating mismatches and mitigate the costs of inappropriate clasping(Kelehear and Shine,2019).Female-female amplexus,however,is rare and considered maladaptive,as it does not lead to fertilization(Chuang et al.,2019).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005)111 project(BP0719028)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of infant feces-derived Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 on rheumatoid cachexia(RC).Twenty-four female Wistar rats were assigned to 3 groups:CON group(normal saline by gavage),CIA group(collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),normal saline by gavage),and CCFM1078 group(CIA,3×10^(9)CFU/(rat·day)B.breve CCFM1078 gavage).The results demonstrated that B.breve CCFM1078 not only improved skeletal muscle function in CIA rats,but also modulated the gut microbiota,skeletal muscle metabolism and hormone levels,reduced inflammation in the knee joint and skeletal muscles,decreased activity of the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)inflammatory signaling pathway,enhanced the insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway,promoted skeletal muscle differentiation,and maintained skeletal muscle fiber diameter,consequently slowing down the progression of RC.These findings suggested that B.breve CCFM1078 may have a beneficial role as part of a dietary intervention for RC,enhancing overall therapeutic effects.
基金supported by the Opening Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory for New Textile Materials and Applications Research(Grant No.FZXCL202410)the Key Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education,China(Grant No.D20231704)+1 种基金Wuhan Textile University(Grant No.523058)the Foundation of Wuhan Textile University(Grant No.K24058)。
文摘Materials exhibiting broadband nonlinear optical responses are critically important for ultrafast photonics applications,particularly as saturable absorbers(SAs)that facilitate broadband optical pulse generation.In this study,tea polyphenolpolyvinyl alcohol(TP-PVA)composite films are synthesized via a polymer embedding method and employed as SAs to initiate ultrafast pulse operation in fiber lasers.The TP-PVA SA film exhibits excellent broadband saturable absorption performance at wavelengths of 1.0μm,1.5μm,and 2.0μm,with modulation depths of 54.21%,41.41%,and 51.16%,respectively.Stable passively mode-locked pulses with pulse widths of 588 fs,419 fs,and 743 fs are generated in Yb-,Er-,and Tm-doped fiber lasers,respectively.This work confirms the effective performance of TP-PVA as a broadband SA,and establishes a foundation for the integration of novel and sustainable materials within ultrafast photonic systems.The approach paves the way for developing compact broadband ultrafast laser systems operating in the near-infrared spectral region.
基金Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Project,Grant/Award Number:2023ZD0508506。
文摘Background:Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming healthcare,demanding reevaluation of medical education.China's“New Medical Education”initiative urgently requires a standardized AI literacy framework for medical students to address fragmented standards,rapid technological evolution,and insufficient localized ethical norms.Objective:To establish a Chinese expert consensus defining core AI competencies and a multi-modal assessment framework for medical students.Methods:A multidisciplinary(including medical education,clinical medicine,medical AI,public health,and medical ethics)expert group(n=32)developed an initial competency list based on the“Knowledge-Skills-Attitude”Medical Competency Model.Two Delphi rounds(100%response rate;consensus threshold:mean≥4.0,CV≤0.25)refined the framework.Core competencies were prioritized via Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).The final consensus document was established after multiple expert group meetings.Results:The consensus defines AI literacy for medical students as a comprehensive attribute for integrating AI into profes-sional knowledge,clinical practice,research,and health management.It comprises a 21-item Competencies of AI Proficiency(CAIP)list across knowledge(eight indicators),skills(seven indicators),and attitude(six indicators)dimensions.Key com-petencies prioritized include understanding AI's role in multidisciplinary knowledge integration(CAIP3),identifying AI output biases(CAIP4),understanding health data governance(CAIP2),maintaining physician-led AI-assisted diagnosis(CAIP16),and identifying AI diagnostic biases(CAIP12).A multi-modal assessment framework is recommended,including paper-based/computerized tests for knowledge,situational judgment tests(SJTs)for attitudes,and objective structured clinical examinations(OSCEs)with a specific“AI Clinical Decision Conflict Scoring Scale”for skills.A multi-stage dynamic assessment system(“Pre-enrollment-Pre-clinical-Post-clinical”)is proposed for longitudinal tracking.Educational integration pathways emphasize embedding AI literacy modularly from early undergraduate years,constructing an integrated curriculum covering fundamental principles,advanced large model applications(e.g.,prompt engineering,agent development),and ethical considerations,supported by a"digital twin hospital platform."Conclusion:This consensus provides authoritative,China-specific guidance for defining and assessing medical students'AI literacy,adhering to national policies and regulations.It offers a core action framework for optimizing AI integration into medical education,fostering future healthcare professionals proficient in both AI technology and medical humanism,with a commitment to dynamic updating to adapt to evolving AI advancements.
文摘Objective:Clinical use of stimulator of interferon genes(STING)agonists has challenges due to poor responsiveness and variable efficacy.Therefore,identifying tumor types that are sensitive to these agents and clarifying the underlying mechanisms are essential.Methods:In vitro screening was performed to identify tumor types that are sensitive to STING agonists.The non-nucleotide agonist,SR-717,and the macrocyclic agonist,E7766,were compared for efficacy.Complementary in vivo and in vitro studies,including gene-knockout models,HMGN2-knockout Neuro-2A and CT-2A cells apoptosis assays,and murine tumor models,were then performed.These experiments focused on the mechanism by which SR-717 mediates antitumor effects and emphasized the role of STING signaling-induced high-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 2(HMGN2).In addition,the potential of HMGN2 as a prognostic biomarker was assessed.Results:Neuroblastomas and glioblastomas,two nervous system tumors,were shown to be sensitive to STING agonists.SR-717 exhibited greater antitumor efficacy compared to E7766.Mechanistic studies indicated that STING agonists promote apoptosis through activation of the intrinsic STING-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)-HMGN2 axis within tumor cells.Ectopic expression of HMGN2 in melanoma cells,which naturally lack HMGN2,led to significant apoptosis.Furthermore,analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases revealed positive correlation between elevated HMGN2 expression and patient survival,supporting the utility of HMGN2 as a prognostic biomarker.Conclusions:This study clarified the mechanism underlying the potent antitumor activity of SR-717 in nervous system tumors through activation of the STING-STAT1-HMGN2 signaling pathway and demonstrated that SR-717 has superior efficacy compared to E7766.In addition,HMGN2 was shown to exhibit translational potential as a prognostic biomarker for patient survival.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62322410,52272168,624B2135,61804047)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2030000103)。
文摘Human action recognition(HAR)is crucial for the development of efficient computer vision,where bioinspired neuromorphic perception visual systems have emerged as a vital solution to address transmission bottlenecks across sensor-processor interfaces.However,the absence of interactions among versatile biomimicking functionalities within a single device,which was developed for specific vision tasks,restricts the computational capacity,practicality,and scalability of in-sensor vision computing.Here,we propose a bioinspired vision sensor composed of a Ga N/Al N-based ultrathin quantum-disks-in-nanowires(QD-NWs)array to mimic not only Parvo cells for high-contrast vision and Magno cells for dynamic vision in the human retina but also the synergistic activity between the two cells for in-sensor vision computing.By simply tuning the applied bias voltage on each QD-NW-array-based pixel,we achieve two biosimilar photoresponse characteristics with slow and fast reactions to light stimuli that enhance the in-sensor image quality and HAR efficiency,respectively.Strikingly,the interplay and synergistic interaction of the two photoresponse modes within a single device markedly increased the HAR recognition accuracy from 51.4%to 81.4%owing to the integrated artificial vision system.The demonstration of an intelligent vision sensor offers a promising device platform for the development of highly efficient HAR systems and future smart optoelectronics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1612900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52103365 and No.12375270)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program,China(Grant No.2021ZT09L227).
文摘Fine-grained nuclear graphite is a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).During air ingress accidents,core graphite components undergo severe oxidation,threatening structural integrity.Therefore,understanding the oxidation behavior of nuclear graphite is essential for reactor safety.The influence of oxidation involves multiple factors,including temperature,sample size,oxidant,impurities,filler type and size,etc.The size of the filler particles plays a crucial role in this study.Five ultrafine-and superfine-grained nuclear graphite samples(5.9-34.4μm)are manufactured using identical raw materials and manufacturing processes.Isothermal oxidation tests conducted at 650℃-750℃ are used to study the oxidation behavior.Additionally,comprehensive characterization is performed to analyze the crystal structure,surface morphology,and nanoscale to microscale pore structure of the samples.Results indicate that oxidation behavior cannot be predicted solely based on filler grain size.Reactive site concentration,characterized by active surface area,dominates the chemical reaction kinetics,whereas pore tortuosity,quantified by the structural parameterΨ,plays a key role in regulating oxidant diffusion.These findings clarify the dual role of microstructure in oxidation mechanisms and establish a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of high-performance nuclear graphite capable of long-term service in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.
基金support from the Major basic research project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023ZD12)Singapore National Research Foundation Investigatorship(No.NRFNRFI08-2022-0009)NUS R&G Postdoc Fellowship Program.
文摘Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))battery is favored among“beyond lithiumion”technologies for sustainability because of its exceptional energy density.Major impediments are the poor cycle stability and grievous capacity degradation at high current densities.We address these issues by a“killing two birds with one stone”O_(2)-pressure protocol.It first resolves efficient O_(2) mass transport at high rates..The accelerated reaction kinetics optimizes the composition and growth pathway of discharge products.This protocol secondly achieves protection of Li anodes via densifying corrosion layers on them.Consequently,the battery delivers both ultrahigh discharge capacity(>9,000 mAh g^(-1))at 3,000 mA g^(-1) and excellent cycling stability.Under a dual-strategy effect of high-pressure O_(2) and artificial protection layers,the battery actualizes over 11-fold increase in cycle life of 5,170 h(2,585 cycles).The strategy opens avenues for advancing Li-O_(2) batteries towards practical application and confers the extension to other gas-based batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs-Intergovernmental International Cooperation in Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.2022YFE0118400)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ50132)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Grants Nos.JCYJ20220818100211025,and KCXST20221021111616039)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.20231128110928003)。
文摘The introduction of two-dimensional(2D)perovskite layers on top of three-dimensional(3D)perovskite films enhances the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the electronic effect of the spacer cation and the quality of the 2D capping layer are critical factors in achieving the required results.In this study,we compared two fluorinated salts:4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamidine hydrochloride(4TF-BA·HCl)and 4-fluorobenzamidine hydrochloride(4F-BA·HCl)to engineer the 3D/2D perovskite films.Surprisingly,4F-BA formed a high-performance 3D/2D heterojunction,while4TF-BA produced an amorphous layer on the perovskite films.Our findings indicate that the balanced intramolecular charge polarization,which leads to effective hydrogen bonding,is more favorable in 4F-BA than in 4TF-BA,promoting the formation of a crystalline 2D perovskite.Nevertheless,4TF-BA managed to improve efficiency to 24%,surpassing the control device,primarily due to the natural passivation capabilities of benzamidine.Interestingly,the devices based on 4F-BA demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 25%with greater longevity under various storage conditions compared to 4TF-BA-based and the control devices.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172110,52472231,52311530113)Shanghai"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"intergovernmental international science and technology cooperation project(23520710600)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22DZ1205600)the Central Guidance on Science and Technology Development Fund of Zhejiang Province(2024ZY01011)。
文摘Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the semi-virtual simulation and traditional simulation teaching models based on the Standards of Best Practice(SOBP)according to the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning(INACSL)in the Adult Nursing course.Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design.A total of 94 third-year nursing students from a university in Beijing between November and December 2022 were recruited as participants.An innovative semi-virtual simulation teaching model was designed based on the SOBP established by the INACSL.In the Adult Nursing course,both the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models were implemented.At the end of the simulation sessions,participants completed the Chinese version of the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified(SET-M)to assess the effectiveness of the two teaching models.Results All nursing students completed the simulation sessions.There was no difference(t=−0.93,P=0.353)in the total scores between the semi-virtual simulation teaching model(50.87±5.30)and the traditional simulation teaching model(50.37±5.16).However,there was a statistically significant difference(t=−2.65,P=0.010)in the prebriefing section(semi-virtual simulation:5.60±0.71;traditional simulation:5.33±0.78).In contrast,no statistically significant differences were found for the scenario and debriefing sections(P>0.05).At the individual item level,statistical differences(P<0.05)between the two models were identified for items 1 and 9,but not for the remaining items(P>0.05).By analyzing the open-ended question,it was found that both simulation models were effective,and students’comments were similar.Conclusions The study demonstrated equivalent effectiveness between the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models.Semi-virtual simulation teaching model could offer a more flexible and feasible approach to simulation teaching.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20171,12074245,52102281)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFB3800068 and 2020YFB1506400)+1 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(No.21YF1421600)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.2021QNRC001)。
文摘The past two years have witnessed remarkable progress in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),marked by breakthroughs in power conversion efficiency and strides in addressing long-term operational stability.At present,the certified power conversion efficiencies of singlejunction PSCs and silicon/perovskite tandem cells have surpassed 27%and 34%,respectively.Regarding stability,researchers begun to focus their attention on the challenges faced by PSCs when operated in outdoor environments.Furthermore,breakthroughs in the utilization of green solvents,fabrication in ambient air conditions,aqueous-phase synthesis of perovskite raw materials at kilogram scale,vacuum flash evaporation,and machine learning-assisted design are accelerating the commercialization of PSCs.The review summarizes the key advancements of PSCs during 2024-2025.It identifies a critical performance discrepancy between small-area devices and perovskite solar modules and delves into strategies aimed at bridging this gap.Finally,perspectives on the future directions of PSCs are presented,with a particular emphasis on improving photocurrent and environmental sustainability.
基金Chinese Academy of Science,XDB 41000000,Chunhui Li。
文摘CB chondrite is a class of meteorite rich in metal composition,and its characteristics are obviously different from other chondrite groups.These meteorites are distinguished by their content of up to 60% to 70%FeNi metals and sulfides,in addition to their extreme lack of volatile and moderately volatile elements,less refractory inclusions,and almost no fine-grained matrix.Sierra Gorda 013(SG013)is a metal-rich chondritic meteorite of the CBa type.It has two different lithologies within SG 013:Lithology 1and Lithology 2.Lithology 1 is an anomalous CBa chondrite containing chromite-pyroxene complex assemblage,whereas Lithology 2 is featured by recrystallization with small chondrules and contains much less iron nickel metal than Lithology 1.Although the two lithologies have essentially the same oxygen isotope composition,their structures are different from each other,suggesting that they probably underwent distinct formation and evolution processes from common precursors.In this study,the mineralogy of SG013 chondrites is studied by means of petrographic observation,semi-quantitative analysis of chemical composition,fabric identification of minerals and integrated mineral phase analysis,while studying the mineralogy of SG 013,and the fabric characteristics of SG 013 are studied in detail.Different from previous studies,here we find that Lithology 1 of SG 013 contains non-porphyritic chondrules and metallic silicate globules,while Lithology 2 not only contains nonporphyritic chondrules and metallic-silicate globules,but also porphyritic chondrules.In this thesis,Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis of magnesium olivine in metal-silicate globules and porphyritic chondrules in L2 of SG 013 shows that some magnesium olivine form under conditions of lower temperature and faster strain rate during uniaxial compression,where deformation of the olivine is dominated by dislocation glide.However,at higher temperatures and slower strain rates,the fabric of B-axis([100])is concentrated,indicating that the porphyritic chondrules may be dominated by the compaction of olivine particles,leading to dynamic recrystallization in the peripheral region or outer layer of the magnesium olivine crystal.New grains formed by dynamic recrystallization occur at the edges of residual grains and,their orientation is controlled by stress.It is found that the formation position of magnesium olivine in different chondrules of SG 013 from the inside out,with the gradual reduction of stress and the gradual increase of temperature,these local physicochemical changes reveal the complex thermal history and dynamic processes that chondrules undergo during their formation and evolution.
