Foodborne Illnesses (FI) are considered an important problem in public health for their high levels of morbidity and, in some cases, of mortality in Mexico and around the world. Different agents that cause Foodborne I...Foodborne Illnesses (FI) are considered an important problem in public health for their high levels of morbidity and, in some cases, of mortality in Mexico and around the world. Different agents that cause Foodborne Illnesses, in which biological agents such as the genus Salmonella spp., are included, have been often associated with outbreaks. A continued effort has been observed in the food industry, in collaboration with sanitary authorities on a global scale, through the creation and continued improvement of different procedures to prevent the contamination by Salmonella, in which the elaboration of laboratory methodologies for the detection and isolation of this pathogen in foods and, in such manner, prevents the outbreak of illnesses. However, along with the aforementioned, it has been reported that a few years ago, the appearance of an ever-increasing number of strains of Salmonella spp., in foods with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics which are used in the treatment of its illness, results in a major emphasis on the health issue related to Foodborne Illnesses and, in particular, to those generated by factors of medical dependence such as the increase in recuperation time, costs, and reduction in the number of alternative pharmaceutical treatments. This work presents a general overview of FI, in which illnesses generated by bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp., their detection in a microbiological laboratory, as well as the phenomenon of resistance to antibiotics by these bacteria, and the current and difficult issue reported through different investigations all around the world, of the rise in this phenomenon and its importance in public health, are discussed.展开更多
The study of the triacylglycerols (TAG) by gas chromatography (GC) using capillary columns is an efficient technique for the determination of some characteristics of quality of fats and oils. The objective of the pres...The study of the triacylglycerols (TAG) by gas chromatography (GC) using capillary columns is an efficient technique for the determination of some characteristics of quality of fats and oils. The objective of the present study was to determine by GC the content of TAG present in fat of cow and goat milk produced in four zones of Mexico. According to criteria established in Mexican Standardization, 25 samples were obtained of 1 L of ultra-pasteurized cow milk (UHT) and 27 and 48 of raw cow and goat milk, respectively. The fat was extracted from all of the milk samples by detergent solution, and was stored at –20℃ until its analysis. The chromatographic conditions made it possible to identify and quantify TAG of 28 to 54 numbers of carbons, which were analyzed under descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. For the cow milk fat, the statistical analyses indicated significant difference (p < 0.05) in the TAG C34, C50 and C52, and for the goat milk fat in the TAG of C36 to C52. No equality of means was found among the TAG of the cow and goat milk fat. This study offers an advance in the characterization of the TAG present in the cow and goat milk fat produced in Mexico.展开更多
Currently, we are under the perception of a <em>visible universe</em> which has an <em>accelerated expansion</em>, because repeated evidences obtained by several technics since the well known o...Currently, we are under the perception of a <em>visible universe</em> which has an <em>accelerated expansion</em>, because repeated evidences obtained by several technics since the well known observations performed by Edwin Powell Hubble. The world scientific community was astonished by these observations, and since then until today, countless calculations have been made that only leave the hypothesis of the existence of an unknown <em>cosmic entity</em> that has the particularity of repelling matter from each other when it is sufficiently separated by huge amounts of that entity, which was called as “<em>dark energy</em>”. This “<em>dark energy</em>” is a completely unknown thing, and it is understood by some researchers as the convenient hypothesis, because it is which emerges from deep calculations and observations. Bearing in mind that we already know about all cosmic objects and systems are in rotation, both locally and not so locally, and that everything is full and endowed with intrinsic and extrinsic angular momentum, it seems logical to think that <em>rotational dynamics</em> must also apply to the more extensive, and that if locally (and not so locally) we perceive and infer rotating objects everywhere, then they must also exist globally. So, starting from the idea that rotation is omnipresent, at every level of sizes;from the invisibly small to the invisibly large, I thought that it is really wise to cover it through <em>rotation dynamics</em>, or that in the worst case, we cannot ignore the fact of the omnipresent rotation in any entity to infer. And this is the main reason for the resolution and the motivation of the birth of the publication of this study. Based on this seemingly simple idea, these results and conclusions of this study was reached: following a formal logic and evidence of the accelerated unfolding of the cosmic fabric, another hypothesis is proposed as an alternative to the existence of the “<em>dark energy</em>”: The <em>intensities of centrifugal acceleration fluxes</em> exceed the <em>intensities of gravitational fluxes</em>, which are not sufficient to compensate for the <em>centrifugal flux</em>, which is why baryonic and exotic matter, energy, space and time are extended, in geometric progression with respect to our apparent time. So, this unfolding of the cosmic fabric might not be caused by a “<em>dark energy</em>”, but by <em>centrifugal fields of rotational-orbital domains</em>. Besides all the above, this publication has a double purpose, because it is also intended to cover another matter;these deep attentions to the Rotational Dynamics also derive in another solution or hypothesis regarding the formed mystery after observing the incoherent too high velocity of matter in the far latitudes in spiral galaxies: The hypothesis of the existence of the so-called “<em>dark matter</em>” arises from the observation that, in spiral galaxies, all that matter which is located beyond a critical distance from the galactic rotation axis, travels too fast, while the calculations illustrate an insufficient intensity of <em>gravitational acceleration flux</em> to explain that speed and to retain all that matter while maintaining the orbital distance. However, the concept I present here, is that, in a spiral galaxy, all those matter which is positioned farthest from the <em>main rotation axis</em>, is effectively lost in space as time goes by, or what is the same, the <em>intensity of the centrifugal acceleration field</em> is not compensated by that of the <em>gravitational field</em>, and the destiny of every spiral galaxy is a more or less homogeneous and compact disk-shaped galaxy. As a basic NOTE to be taken into account;in the present article we intend to show the radical, meticulous and delicate relation that exists in the considerations of the <u>classic concept of “<em>isolated system of particles</em>”</u>, with the <u>degrees of the consistencies of the connections between all those “<em>particles</em>”</u>, whether they are inter-material bonds, or, in a relativistic scope, bonds between the same cosmic fabric. And this is so, because the idea of “<em>isolated</em>” falls directly and precisely on the criterion that we put to the <u>degree of consistency of each connection between each “<em>part</em>” or “<em>particle</em>”</u> that integrates the presumed and inferred concept of “<em>isolated system</em>” with respect to the rest of systems or universe.展开更多
文摘Foodborne Illnesses (FI) are considered an important problem in public health for their high levels of morbidity and, in some cases, of mortality in Mexico and around the world. Different agents that cause Foodborne Illnesses, in which biological agents such as the genus Salmonella spp., are included, have been often associated with outbreaks. A continued effort has been observed in the food industry, in collaboration with sanitary authorities on a global scale, through the creation and continued improvement of different procedures to prevent the contamination by Salmonella, in which the elaboration of laboratory methodologies for the detection and isolation of this pathogen in foods and, in such manner, prevents the outbreak of illnesses. However, along with the aforementioned, it has been reported that a few years ago, the appearance of an ever-increasing number of strains of Salmonella spp., in foods with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics which are used in the treatment of its illness, results in a major emphasis on the health issue related to Foodborne Illnesses and, in particular, to those generated by factors of medical dependence such as the increase in recuperation time, costs, and reduction in the number of alternative pharmaceutical treatments. This work presents a general overview of FI, in which illnesses generated by bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp., their detection in a microbiological laboratory, as well as the phenomenon of resistance to antibiotics by these bacteria, and the current and difficult issue reported through different investigations all around the world, of the rise in this phenomenon and its importance in public health, are discussed.
文摘The study of the triacylglycerols (TAG) by gas chromatography (GC) using capillary columns is an efficient technique for the determination of some characteristics of quality of fats and oils. The objective of the present study was to determine by GC the content of TAG present in fat of cow and goat milk produced in four zones of Mexico. According to criteria established in Mexican Standardization, 25 samples were obtained of 1 L of ultra-pasteurized cow milk (UHT) and 27 and 48 of raw cow and goat milk, respectively. The fat was extracted from all of the milk samples by detergent solution, and was stored at –20℃ until its analysis. The chromatographic conditions made it possible to identify and quantify TAG of 28 to 54 numbers of carbons, which were analyzed under descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. For the cow milk fat, the statistical analyses indicated significant difference (p < 0.05) in the TAG C34, C50 and C52, and for the goat milk fat in the TAG of C36 to C52. No equality of means was found among the TAG of the cow and goat milk fat. This study offers an advance in the characterization of the TAG present in the cow and goat milk fat produced in Mexico.
文摘Currently, we are under the perception of a <em>visible universe</em> which has an <em>accelerated expansion</em>, because repeated evidences obtained by several technics since the well known observations performed by Edwin Powell Hubble. The world scientific community was astonished by these observations, and since then until today, countless calculations have been made that only leave the hypothesis of the existence of an unknown <em>cosmic entity</em> that has the particularity of repelling matter from each other when it is sufficiently separated by huge amounts of that entity, which was called as “<em>dark energy</em>”. This “<em>dark energy</em>” is a completely unknown thing, and it is understood by some researchers as the convenient hypothesis, because it is which emerges from deep calculations and observations. Bearing in mind that we already know about all cosmic objects and systems are in rotation, both locally and not so locally, and that everything is full and endowed with intrinsic and extrinsic angular momentum, it seems logical to think that <em>rotational dynamics</em> must also apply to the more extensive, and that if locally (and not so locally) we perceive and infer rotating objects everywhere, then they must also exist globally. So, starting from the idea that rotation is omnipresent, at every level of sizes;from the invisibly small to the invisibly large, I thought that it is really wise to cover it through <em>rotation dynamics</em>, or that in the worst case, we cannot ignore the fact of the omnipresent rotation in any entity to infer. And this is the main reason for the resolution and the motivation of the birth of the publication of this study. Based on this seemingly simple idea, these results and conclusions of this study was reached: following a formal logic and evidence of the accelerated unfolding of the cosmic fabric, another hypothesis is proposed as an alternative to the existence of the “<em>dark energy</em>”: The <em>intensities of centrifugal acceleration fluxes</em> exceed the <em>intensities of gravitational fluxes</em>, which are not sufficient to compensate for the <em>centrifugal flux</em>, which is why baryonic and exotic matter, energy, space and time are extended, in geometric progression with respect to our apparent time. So, this unfolding of the cosmic fabric might not be caused by a “<em>dark energy</em>”, but by <em>centrifugal fields of rotational-orbital domains</em>. Besides all the above, this publication has a double purpose, because it is also intended to cover another matter;these deep attentions to the Rotational Dynamics also derive in another solution or hypothesis regarding the formed mystery after observing the incoherent too high velocity of matter in the far latitudes in spiral galaxies: The hypothesis of the existence of the so-called “<em>dark matter</em>” arises from the observation that, in spiral galaxies, all that matter which is located beyond a critical distance from the galactic rotation axis, travels too fast, while the calculations illustrate an insufficient intensity of <em>gravitational acceleration flux</em> to explain that speed and to retain all that matter while maintaining the orbital distance. However, the concept I present here, is that, in a spiral galaxy, all those matter which is positioned farthest from the <em>main rotation axis</em>, is effectively lost in space as time goes by, or what is the same, the <em>intensity of the centrifugal acceleration field</em> is not compensated by that of the <em>gravitational field</em>, and the destiny of every spiral galaxy is a more or less homogeneous and compact disk-shaped galaxy. As a basic NOTE to be taken into account;in the present article we intend to show the radical, meticulous and delicate relation that exists in the considerations of the <u>classic concept of “<em>isolated system of particles</em>”</u>, with the <u>degrees of the consistencies of the connections between all those “<em>particles</em>”</u>, whether they are inter-material bonds, or, in a relativistic scope, bonds between the same cosmic fabric. And this is so, because the idea of “<em>isolated</em>” falls directly and precisely on the criterion that we put to the <u>degree of consistency of each connection between each “<em>part</em>” or “<em>particle</em>”</u> that integrates the presumed and inferred concept of “<em>isolated system</em>” with respect to the rest of systems or universe.
