Background: Suicide among physicians is a serious public health issue, with an extremely complex and multifactorial behavior. Aim: The aim of this study was to use the theme “Suicide among Physicians” to exemplify t...Background: Suicide among physicians is a serious public health issue, with an extremely complex and multifactorial behavior. Aim: The aim of this study was to use the theme “Suicide among Physicians” to exemplify the analysis of methodological similarities between the scientific content available at MEDLINE and BVS databases, as scientific research tools. Methods: This is a systematic review with metanalysis. The following combinations of keywords were used for data search in the referred databases: “suicide” AND “physicians” AND “public heath”. Results: Three hundred and thirteen publications were identified, but only 16 studies were chosen. Great association was found between MEDLINE and BVS databases and the Odds Ratio regarding the theme: “Suicide among physicians”. Conclusions: Considering the similarities found in the utilization of the two analyzed databases, it was possible to identify that suicide among physicians is associated with the exercise of an important professional role in the society and in the workplace. With regard to scientific information, the p-value-obtained value (<0.05) seems to be statistically significant for the association between the suggested theme and the methodological similarities of the scientific information available in the analyzed databases. Thus, these open-access research tools are considered scientific reliable tools.展开更多
S?o Paulo State is the main sugar cane producer and these agricultural activities are carried out in predominantly sandy soils, which require large amounts of phosphate fertilizers and amendments. This work evaluated ...S?o Paulo State is the main sugar cane producer and these agricultural activities are carried out in predominantly sandy soils, which require large amounts of phosphate fertilizers and amendments. This work evaluated the fertilizer-effect on the Al, Ba, Fe, Mn and Ni released in a watershed with influence of sugar cane crops in the S?o Paulo State, Brazil, namely the Monjolo Grande Stream basin. Five surface water sampling campaigns were carried out at the mouth of Monjolo Grande Stream in February, April, June, September and November 2010, characterizing the following parameters: discharge, pH, temperature, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen and total and dissolved concentrations of Al, Ba, Fe, Mn and Ni. Approximately 99% of Al and Fe are transported annually in association with suspended sediments carried to the Monjolo Grande Stream by sheet erosion. The results also demonstrated that the increasing Al, Ba, Fe and Mn concentrations dissolved in the waters of the Monjolo Grande Stream basin in the wet season are associated to phosphate fertilizers and amendments that are used extensively in agrichemical activities. However, with the current application rates, there has been no increase in the dissolved concentrations of these metals at levels that could pose risks to human health.展开更多
Dermatomycoses are a group of diseases worldwide distributed and affect skin, hair and nails. Several fungal species can be envolved and keratinophilic fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epide...Dermatomycoses are a group of diseases worldwide distributed and affect skin, hair and nails. Several fungal species can be envolved and keratinophilic fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton are very common. These infections are globally distributed and their incidence has progressively increased. Despite their high incidence, few studies have been carried out in HIV-infected patients, regarding frequency, clinical presentations, and species identification. This study aimed to evaluate some epidemiological and clinical aspects of dermatophytosis in HIV-infected patients and to attempt phenotypical and molecular characteristics of their agents. Of 398 patients included, 306 were HIV-infected. Clinical data and samples of skin, hair and nail lesions were simultaneously obtained. The dermatophytes yielded in culture were phenotypically identified and evaluated by ITS-RFLP and ITS (Internal Transcribed Space) sequencing. Dermatophytes frequency in HIV-infected patients with cutaneous lesions was 11.76% similar to the 15.22% observed in non-HIV individuals. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common isolated species in both groups. Throught ITS-RFLP, 29/32 (90.63%) of dermatophytes isolates were identified at the species level. From the 10 isolates randomly selected for ITS sequencing, seven confirmed the ITS-RFLP results while three Trichophyton sp. were not identified as dermatophytes. The identification of these species in HIV-infected patients is highly desirable in order to improve the knowledge of their frequency, geographical distribution and relation to clinical presentation.展开更多
Objective: As isolates of Cryptococcus are frequently kept collection stocks in institutions, sometimes without proper characterization, we sought to determine the genotype profiles, protease and phospholipase activit...Objective: As isolates of Cryptococcus are frequently kept collection stocks in institutions, sometimes without proper characterization, we sought to determine the genotype profiles, protease and phospholipase activities “in vitro” and the susceptibility testing for azoles and amphotericin B. Methodology: 84 isolates from several regions of Brazil (40 samples from clinical origin and 44 isolates from environmental origin) were maintained at the microorganism’s bank of the Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-USP) of the São Paulo University, in São Paulo, Brazil. This isolates was submitted fungal strains determination, DNA extraction and purification, determination of genotype by URA5 gene RFLP of CGB-positive isolates, protease and phospholipase activity and susceptibility to antifungals. Results: Of six CGB positive isolates tested by RFLP-PCR, only four presented a genomic profile consistent C. gattii species (VGII), while two other were C. neoformans (VNI and VNIII), indicating the existence of canavanine-resistante C. neoformans isolates in the culture collections. The clinical isolates secreted higher levels of phospholipase and environmental isolates but no differences were observed for the protease levels. Almost all isolates were sensible to azoles and amphotericin B. Conclusion: We point out in this research the existence of C. neoformans strains resistant to canavanine and intrinsic characteristic of C. gatti. These results demonstrate the importance to perform a detailed characterization of isolates kept in culture collections.展开更多
文摘Background: Suicide among physicians is a serious public health issue, with an extremely complex and multifactorial behavior. Aim: The aim of this study was to use the theme “Suicide among Physicians” to exemplify the analysis of methodological similarities between the scientific content available at MEDLINE and BVS databases, as scientific research tools. Methods: This is a systematic review with metanalysis. The following combinations of keywords were used for data search in the referred databases: “suicide” AND “physicians” AND “public heath”. Results: Three hundred and thirteen publications were identified, but only 16 studies were chosen. Great association was found between MEDLINE and BVS databases and the Odds Ratio regarding the theme: “Suicide among physicians”. Conclusions: Considering the similarities found in the utilization of the two analyzed databases, it was possible to identify that suicide among physicians is associated with the exercise of an important professional role in the society and in the workplace. With regard to scientific information, the p-value-obtained value (<0.05) seems to be statistically significant for the association between the suggested theme and the methodological similarities of the scientific information available in the analyzed databases. Thus, these open-access research tools are considered scientific reliable tools.
文摘S?o Paulo State is the main sugar cane producer and these agricultural activities are carried out in predominantly sandy soils, which require large amounts of phosphate fertilizers and amendments. This work evaluated the fertilizer-effect on the Al, Ba, Fe, Mn and Ni released in a watershed with influence of sugar cane crops in the S?o Paulo State, Brazil, namely the Monjolo Grande Stream basin. Five surface water sampling campaigns were carried out at the mouth of Monjolo Grande Stream in February, April, June, September and November 2010, characterizing the following parameters: discharge, pH, temperature, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen and total and dissolved concentrations of Al, Ba, Fe, Mn and Ni. Approximately 99% of Al and Fe are transported annually in association with suspended sediments carried to the Monjolo Grande Stream by sheet erosion. The results also demonstrated that the increasing Al, Ba, Fe and Mn concentrations dissolved in the waters of the Monjolo Grande Stream basin in the wet season are associated to phosphate fertilizers and amendments that are used extensively in agrichemical activities. However, with the current application rates, there has been no increase in the dissolved concentrations of these metals at levels that could pose risks to human health.
文摘Dermatomycoses are a group of diseases worldwide distributed and affect skin, hair and nails. Several fungal species can be envolved and keratinophilic fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton are very common. These infections are globally distributed and their incidence has progressively increased. Despite their high incidence, few studies have been carried out in HIV-infected patients, regarding frequency, clinical presentations, and species identification. This study aimed to evaluate some epidemiological and clinical aspects of dermatophytosis in HIV-infected patients and to attempt phenotypical and molecular characteristics of their agents. Of 398 patients included, 306 were HIV-infected. Clinical data and samples of skin, hair and nail lesions were simultaneously obtained. The dermatophytes yielded in culture were phenotypically identified and evaluated by ITS-RFLP and ITS (Internal Transcribed Space) sequencing. Dermatophytes frequency in HIV-infected patients with cutaneous lesions was 11.76% similar to the 15.22% observed in non-HIV individuals. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common isolated species in both groups. Throught ITS-RFLP, 29/32 (90.63%) of dermatophytes isolates were identified at the species level. From the 10 isolates randomly selected for ITS sequencing, seven confirmed the ITS-RFLP results while three Trichophyton sp. were not identified as dermatophytes. The identification of these species in HIV-infected patients is highly desirable in order to improve the knowledge of their frequency, geographical distribution and relation to clinical presentation.
文摘Objective: As isolates of Cryptococcus are frequently kept collection stocks in institutions, sometimes without proper characterization, we sought to determine the genotype profiles, protease and phospholipase activities “in vitro” and the susceptibility testing for azoles and amphotericin B. Methodology: 84 isolates from several regions of Brazil (40 samples from clinical origin and 44 isolates from environmental origin) were maintained at the microorganism’s bank of the Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-USP) of the São Paulo University, in São Paulo, Brazil. This isolates was submitted fungal strains determination, DNA extraction and purification, determination of genotype by URA5 gene RFLP of CGB-positive isolates, protease and phospholipase activity and susceptibility to antifungals. Results: Of six CGB positive isolates tested by RFLP-PCR, only four presented a genomic profile consistent C. gattii species (VGII), while two other were C. neoformans (VNI and VNIII), indicating the existence of canavanine-resistante C. neoformans isolates in the culture collections. The clinical isolates secreted higher levels of phospholipase and environmental isolates but no differences were observed for the protease levels. Almost all isolates were sensible to azoles and amphotericin B. Conclusion: We point out in this research the existence of C. neoformans strains resistant to canavanine and intrinsic characteristic of C. gatti. These results demonstrate the importance to perform a detailed characterization of isolates kept in culture collections.
