A novel square-shaped metallacycle M,functionalized with carbazole and benzothiadiazole,was synthesized through coordination-driven self-assembly.The discrete metallacyclic architecture endows M with superior optical ...A novel square-shaped metallacycle M,functionalized with carbazole and benzothiadiazole,was synthesized through coordination-driven self-assembly.The discrete metallacyclic architecture endows M with superior optical properties owing to its rigid metallacyclic skeleton and donor-acceptor electronic structure.The femtosecond transient absorption(fs-TA)spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the macrocyclic skeleton significantly promotes the intramolecular charge transfer efficiency and the rapid formation of triplet states.Furthermore,leveraging M as a photocatalyst enabled to drive the cross-dehydrogenative coupling(CDC)reactions with>90%efficiency,which was facilitated by its persistent charge separation states and long-lived triplet states.This work highlights the critical role of metallacycle engineering in optimizing photophysical dynamics and advancing applications in smart optoelectronics and sustainable photocatalysis.展开更多
AIM To assess the efficiency of endoscopic trans-esophageal submucosal tunneling surgery(EESTS) technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.METHODS Nine pigs were assigned to EESTs. The procedures were a...AIM To assess the efficiency of endoscopic trans-esophageal submucosal tunneling surgery(EESTS) technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.METHODS Nine pigs were assigned to EESTs. The procedures were as follows: First, a long esophageal submucosal tunnel was established. Second, full-thickness myotomy was created. Third, an endoscope was entered into the abdominal cavity through a muscle incision and the endoscope was around the aorta ventralis. Eventually,celiac trunk ganglion neurolysis, partial hepatectomy and splenectomy, partial tissue resection in the area of the posterior peritoneum, and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) combined with lymph node dissection were performed. The animals were given antibiotics for 5 d and necropsied 7 d after surgery.RESULTS In all surgeries, one pig died from intraperitoneal hemorrhage after doing partial splenectomy, while the other pigs were alive after successfully operating other surgeries. For surgery of celiac trunk ganglion damage, at necropsy, there was no exudation in the abdominal cavity. Regarding surgery of partial hepatectomy, the wound with part healing was observed in the left hepatic lobe, and no bleeding or obvious exudation was seen. In surgery of partial splenectomy, massive hemorrhage was observed on the splenic wound surface, and the metal clips could not stop bleeding. After surgery of retroperitoneal tissue resection, mild tissue adhesion was observed in the abdominal cavity of one animal, and another one suffered from severe infection. For surgery of ESD and lymph node dissection, a moderate tissue adhesion was observed.CONCLUSION EESTS is a feasible and safe technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of extracts from Honghua （Flos Carthaml~ on lipopolysaccharide in- duced nitric oxide （NO） production in RAW 264.7 cells and the influence of the extracts on yeast a-glucosidase act...OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of extracts from Honghua （Flos Carthaml~ on lipopolysaccharide in- duced nitric oxide （NO） production in RAW 264.7 cells and the influence of the extracts on yeast a-glucosidase activity. The total flavonoid content of the extracts was also determined. METHODS： Cytotoxicity of the extracts to RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated by the ATPliteTM method. Inhibitory effects of the extracts on NO production were evaluated by Griess assay. Curcumin was used as a positive control. Screening of extracts for po- tential a-glucosidase inhibitors was done by a fiuo- rometric assay. The assay was based on the hydroly- sis of 4-methylumbelliferyl-a-D-glucopyranoside toform the fluorescent product, 4-methylumbellifer- one. Acarbose was used as a positive control. The total t3avonoid content was tested using kaempfer- ol as the standard. RESULTS： There were significant inhibitory effects on NO production when the extracts were 25-100 μg/ mL （P〈0.05） and curcumin was 2-4 μg/mL （P〈 0.001）. The extracts showed an inhibitory effect on a-glucosidase activity at the concentrations of 15.6-125 μg/mL with a half maximal （50%）inhibito- ry concentration （ICs0） of （32.8± 5.7） μg/mL, com- pared with the ICs0 of acarbose at （1.8±0.4） μg/mL. There was a significant difference between the two IC50 values （P〈0.001）. The total content of flavo- noids per gram of dried herb was 1.14 mg. CONCLUSION： Honghua （Flos Carthami） showed in- hibitory effects on NO production in activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and an inhibitory effect on yeast a-glucosidase. There might be a relationship between these pharmacological effects and its fla- vonoid content.展开更多
随着地球科学与生命科学的融合发展,由地质学、地貌学、古气候学、基因组学、系统发育学、种群遗传学和生物地理学等多学科关联形成的地理基因组学(geogenomics)将地表景观变化与生物演化联系起来,成为检验地质假设、重建地球历史及其...随着地球科学与生命科学的融合发展,由地质学、地貌学、古气候学、基因组学、系统发育学、种群遗传学和生物地理学等多学科关联形成的地理基因组学(geogenomics)将地表景观变化与生物演化联系起来,成为检验地质假设、重建地球历史及其生物协同演化的一个有效途径,并在全球生态保护方面展现出巨大潜力。本文通过Web of Science核心数据库的文献检索和计量分析,探讨了地理基因组学研究主题和热点的演变,并系统介绍了地理基因组学的基础概念和关键科学问题及其与相关研究领域的关系。作为一门正在兴起的多领域交叉学科,地理基因组学深度整合了地质、气候和基因组数据,反演了地质构造运动、生物类群分化历史和分布变迁的时空格局和相互影响,对促进地质学和生物进化研究具有重要意义。本文重点关注5个研究内容:检验地质假说、阐明区域或洲际尺度的地质过程、推断区域多样性演化历史、地质重建中的不确定性与尺度效应以及病原体的地理分布模式和扩散起源。目前,尽管我国在这一领域的相关研究还非常有限,但已针对若干重要科学问题展开,如青藏高原的差异性隆升历史,长江和黄河水系的演变等。未来还应进一步加强多学科方法的应用,开发更好的工具,并推动建立全球地理基因组学研究数据库。展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To observe the influence of different moxibustion durations on hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin(POMC)and prodynorphin(PDYN)mRNA expressions and plasmaβ-endorphin(β-EP)content in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)ra...OBJECTIVE:To observe the influence of different moxibustion durations on hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin(POMC)and prodynorphin(PDYN)mRNA expressions and plasmaβ-endorphin(β-EP)content in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)rats,to understand the mechanism of moxibustion analgesia and its dose-effect relationship.METHODS:Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly selected from 48 male Wistar rats as a normal control group.The RA model was created by raising rats in a windy(blowing with electric fan),cold(6℃±2℃),and wet(80%-90%humidity)environment for 20 days,12 h each day.This was followed byinjectionofFreund'scompleteadjuvant(0.15 mL)into the ankle.Then,rats were randomly divided into a model group,moxibustion groupⅠ,and moxibustion groupⅡ,with 12 rats in each group.In moxibustion groupsⅠandⅡ,moxibustion was given at Shenshu(BL 23)and Zusanli(ST 36)for 20and 40 min,respectively,once daily for 15 days.Hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content were determined.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group,the pressure pain threshold decreased,while the hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content increased in the moxibustion groups(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the pressure pain threshold,hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content in the moxibustion groups increased significantly(P<0.01).Compared the moxibustion groupⅠ,the pain threshold,hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content in moxibustion groupⅡsignificantly increased(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Moxibustion has an analgesic effect and increases hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content inRArats.TheanalgesiceffectinmoxibustiongroupⅡisbetterthanthatinmoxibustiongroupⅠ.展开更多
AIM To explore the let-7a-mediated anti-cancer effect of Yangzheng Sanjie decoction(YZSJD) in gastric cancer(GC) cells.METHODS YZSJD-containing serum(YCS) was prepared using traditional Chinese medicine serum pharmaco...AIM To explore the let-7a-mediated anti-cancer effect of Yangzheng Sanjie decoction(YZSJD) in gastric cancer(GC) cells.METHODS YZSJD-containing serum(YCS) was prepared using traditional Chinese medicine serum pharmacology methods. After YCS treatment, cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively, and mi RNA expression profiles were determined using q PCR arrays. Let-7a expression was examined by in situ hybridization in GC tissues and by q PCR in GC cells. c-Myc protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in GC tissues, and by Western blot in cell lines.RESULTS YZSJD significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in AGS and HS-746 T GC cells. After treatment with YCS, the mi RNA expression profiles were altered and the reduced let-7a levels in both cell lines were up-regulated, accompanied by a decrease in c-Myc expression. Moreover, decreased let-7a expression and increased c-Myc expression were observed during the progression of gastric mucosa cancerization.CONCLUSION YZSJD inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of GC cells by restoring the aberrant expression of let-7a and c-Myc.展开更多
There are several malignancies of the digestive system(including gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma), which are the most common types of cancer and a major cause of death worldwid...There are several malignancies of the digestive system(including gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma), which are the most common types of cancer and a major cause of death worldwide. MicroRNA(miR)-7 is abundant in the pancreas, playing an important role in pancreatic development and endocrine function. Expression of miR-7 is downregulated in digestive system malignancies compared with normal tissue. Although there are contrasting results for miR-7 expression, almost all research reveals that miR-7 is a tumor suppressor, by targeting various genes in specific pathways. Moreover, miR-7 can target different genes simultaneously in different malignancies of the digestive system. By acting on many cytokines, miR-7 is also involved in many gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases as a significant carcinogenic factor. Consequently, miR-7 might be a biomarker or therapeutic target gene in digestive system malignancies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although nonpharmacological interventions(NPI) for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) have been applied clinically, their relative efficacy and safety are poorly understood.AIM To compare and rank different NPI ...BACKGROUND Although nonpharmacological interventions(NPI) for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) have been applied clinically, their relative efficacy and safety are poorly understood.AIM To compare and rank different NPI in the treatment of IBS.METHODS Five electronic databases were searched from their inception to January 12, 2020. Data of included publications were analyzed using network meta-analysis(NMA). Quality of endpoints were assessed by tools of the Cochrane Handbook and the GRADEpro software. Pooled relative risk or standardized mean difference with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) probability value was conducted to rank the examined interventions. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of results and test the source of heterogeneity.RESULTS Forty randomized controlled trials with 4196 participants were included in this NMA. Compared with routine pharmacotherapies and placebo, acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) had better efficacy in relieving IBS symptoms. Based on the SUCRA values, acupuncture ranked first in improving overall clinical efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. CBT ranked first in lowering the scores of IBS symptom severity scale, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale.CONCLUSION This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of NPI for improving IBS symptoms, which to some extent recommended several interventions for clinical practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)is a common form of chronic glomer-ulonephritis.Currently,IgAN is one of the main causes of chronic renal failure in China;its prognosis varies greatly between patients,wit...BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)is a common form of chronic glomer-ulonephritis.Currently,IgAN is one of the main causes of chronic renal failure in China;its prognosis varies greatly between patients,with renal function at the time of diagnosis and prognosis being strongly correlated.Mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)is a drug with a good immunomodulatory effect and is commonly used clinically.However,its effects in IgAN have not yet been clearly demonstrated.Therefore,herein,we retrospectively compared the effectiveness and safety of prednisone alone or combined with MMF for the treatment of primary IgAN with moderate-to-severe renal impairment.METHODS Between January 2011 and December 2020,200 patients with moderate-to-severe IgAN were included in this study,all of whom were admitted to Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University.All patients underwent a renal puncture biopsy,which revealed primary IgAN with a glomerular filtration rate(GFR)of 30–60 mL/min.The patients were divided into a glucocorticoid therapy group(GTG)and an immunosuppressive therapy group(ITG)according to the different treatment regimens,with 100 patients in each group.Based on general treatments,such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers,patients in the GTG were administered prednisone 0.5–0.8 mg/(kg·d^(-1))for 4–8 wk,which was reduced by 5 mg every two weeks until the maintenance(30 mg/d)dose was reached and maintained for 12 mo.In the ITG,MMF was administered at 1.0 g/d for 6–12 mo,followed by a maintenance dosage of 0.5 g/d for 12 mo.Age,sex,blood pressure,24-h urinary egg white measurement,serum creatinine(Scr),blood uric acid,blood albumin,blood potassium(K),hemoglobin,GFR,alanine aminotransferase,total cholesterol(T-CHO),fasting blood glucose,and body mass index were recorded.The 24-h urinary protein,Scr,and GFR levels were recorded 3,6,9,and 12 mo after treatment.Follow-up data were also collected.RESULTS No discernible differences existed between the two groups in terms of age,sex,blood pressure,creatinine,24-h urinary protein level,GFR,or other biochemical indicators at the time of enrollment.Both regimens significantly reduced the 24-h urinary protein quantitation and stabilized renal function.Nine months after treatment,the 24-h urinary protein and Scr of the ITG decreased more significantly than those of the GTG.By the 12th month of treatment,the 24-h urinary protein and Scr in both groups continued to decrease compared to those by the 9th month.In addition,the overall response rate in the ITG was significantly higher than that in the GTG.The occurrence of side effects did not vary significantly between the two regimens;however,endpoint events were significantly more common in the GTG than in the ITG.The follow-up time for the GTG was noticeably lower than that for the ITG.CONCLUSION Prednisone combined with MMF was effective for the treatment of IgAN with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction.展开更多
Objective Aim of our study was to compare hematological parameters in Tibetan natives with those in Han migrants living on the Tibet plateau in order to determine the potential effects of age,gender,and ethnicity on h...Objective Aim of our study was to compare hematological parameters in Tibetan natives with those in Han migrants living on the Tibet plateau in order to determine the potential effects of age,gender,and ethnicity on hematological response to hypoxia.Methods Blood hemoglobin(Hb,g/dl),hematocrit(Hct,%),red blood cells(RBC,10~6/mm^3) were measured in 3 588 healthy Tibetan natives and 3 371 Han migrants ranging in age from 5 to 72 years,living at a mean altitudes of 2 664 m,3 813 m,4 525 m and 5 226 m.Results Hemoglobin(Hb) concentration analysis was made by multiple regression equations relating hemoglobin to altitude and age.For 2 093 Han males,Hb =9.612+ 0.001440xaltitude+ 0.06148 xage.For1 948 Tibetan males,Hb =12.202+ 0.000462xaltitude+ 0.02893 xage.For 1 278 Han females,Hb = 10.858+0.000939xaltitude+ 0.02632 xage.For 1 640 Tibetan females,Hb =11.402+ 0.000626xaltitude+ 0.00412 xage.Each of the four equations was statistically significant(P<0.001),and had variance(r2) of 0.86 or more,indicating that altitude and age accounted for at least 85%of the variation in hemoglobin levels.The coefficients for altitude and for age were higher(P<0.05) in Han males than in Tibetan males and higher(P<0.05)in Han females than in Tibetan females.The Tibetan postmenopausal females had higher Hb values than premenopausal females only presented at altitude above 4 000 m while this phenomenon was beginning at altitude of 2 664 m among Han females.Conclusion We conclude that gender and increasing age in Tibetans are associated with lower hemoglobin values than those in Han at high altitude,and we speculate that genetic factors seems to be important.展开更多
Chronic pollution in aquatic ecosystems can lead to many adverse effects,including a greater susceptibility to pathogens among resident biota.Trifloxystrobin(TFS)is a strobilurin fungicide widely used in Asia to contr...Chronic pollution in aquatic ecosystems can lead to many adverse effects,including a greater susceptibility to pathogens among resident biota.Trifloxystrobin(TFS)is a strobilurin fungicide widely used in Asia to control soybean rust.However,it has the potential to enter aquatic ecosystems,where it may impair fish resistance to viral infections.To explore the potential environmental risks of TFS,we characterized the antiviral capacities of fish chronically exposed to TFS and subsequently infected with spring viraemia of carp virus(SVCV).Although TFS exhibited no significant cytotoxicity at the tested environmental concentrations during viral challenge,SVCV replication increased significantly in a time-dependent manner within epithelioma papulosum cyprini(EPC)cells and zebrafish exposed to 25μg/L TFS.Results showed that the highest viral load was more than 100-fold that of the controls.Intracellular biochemical assays indicated that autophagy was induced by TFS,and associated changes included an increase in autophagosomes,conversion of LC3-II,accumulation of Beclin-1,and degradation of P62 in EPC cells and zebrafish.In addition,TFS markedly decreased the expression and phosphorylation of mTOR,indicating that activation of TFS may be associated with the mTORmediated autophagy pathway.This study provides new insights into the mechanism of the immunosuppressive effects of TFS on non-target aquatic hosts and suggests that the existence of TFS in aquatic environments may contribute to outbreaks of viral diseases.展开更多
Accelerated blood clearance(ABC) phenomenon is common in many PEGylated nanocarriers, whose mechanism has not been completely elucidated yet. In this study, the correlation between Kupffer cells(KCs) and ABC phenomeno...Accelerated blood clearance(ABC) phenomenon is common in many PEGylated nanocarriers, whose mechanism has not been completely elucidated yet. In this study, the correlation between Kupffer cells(KCs) and ABC phenomenon has been studied by KCs-targeted liposomes inducing ABC phenomenon and KCs depletion. In other words, the 4-aminophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside(APM) lipid derivative DSPE-PEG 2000-APM(DPM), and 4-aminophenyl-β-L-fucopyranoside(APF) lipid derivative DSPE-PEG 2000-APF(DPF) were conjugated and modified on alendronate sodium(AD) liposomes to specifically target and deplete KCs. The dualligand modified PEGylated liposomes(MFPL) showed stronger ability to damage KCs in vitro and in vivo, which also could indirectly illustrate that dual-ligand modification could better target KCs. Besides, the hepatic biodistribution and pharmacokinetics could directly prove that MFPL had a stronger targeting ability to KCs. In addition, in depletion rats, plasma concentration and splenic biodistribution of MFPL and PEGylated liposomes(PL) were significantly elevated and hepatic biodistribution was significantly reduced, which demonstrated that KCs played an important role on elimination of nanoparticles. What’s more, ABC phenomenon of the secondary injection of PL was stronger in KCs depletion rats than that in normal rats, which indicated that depletion of KCs prolonged the circulation of PL in the first injection repeatedly stimulating B-cells in the marginal region of the spleen and causing it to secrete more IgM antibodies. This could also illustrate that anti-PEG IgM takes up a major station compared with KCs. Most important of all, KCs-targeted liposomes could induce a stronger ABC phenomenon than PL in normal rats, which declared that based on the same IgM concentration, the more the KCs were stimulated, the stronger ABC phenomenon was induced. However, in depletion rats, this difference of ABC phenomenon between PL and MFPL could no more exist, further demonstrating that KCs could participate and play a certain role in the ABC phenomenon.展开更多
Polycrystalline LaCrO3（LCO） thin films are deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition and used as the switching material to construct resistive random access memory devices. The unipolar resist...Polycrystalline LaCrO3（LCO） thin films are deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition and used as the switching material to construct resistive random access memory devices. The unipolar resistive switching（RS） behavior in the Au/LCO/Pt devices exhibits a high resistance ratio of ~104 between the high resistance state（HRS） and low resistance state（LRS） and exhibits excellent endurance/retention characteristics.The conduction mechanism of the HRS in the high voltage range is dominated by the Schottky emission, while the Ohmic conduction dictates the LRS and the low voltage range of HRS. The RS behavior in the Au/LCO/Pt devices can be understood by the formation and rupture of conducting filaments consisting of oxygen vacancies,which is validated by the temperature dependence of resistance and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results.Further analysis shows that the reset current IR and reset power PR in the reset processes exhibit a scaling law with the resistance in LRS（R0）, which indicates that the Joule heating effect plays an essential role in the RS behavior of the Au/LCO/Pt devices.展开更多
To investigate the effects of long-term low dose hormone replacement therapy （HRT） on postmenopaosal women in homone level, cognition score, hippocampus volume, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy （MRS） parameters...To investigate the effects of long-term low dose hormone replacement therapy （HRT） on postmenopaosal women in homone level, cognition score, hippocampus volume, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy （MRS） parameters. Methods A total of 182 postmenopausal women aged 50-87 years were chosen at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and assigned to HRT group and control group. The volunteers of HRT group had taken low dose hormone [ estradiol （E2 ） 0. 5-1.0 mg and progesterone 0.5-2.0 mg, once a day ] for 4-33 years. The concentrations of E2, progesterone, and testosterone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The gene types of apolipoprotein E （ApoE） were measured by polymerase chain reaction, and the subjects with susceptible genes （ ApoE ε3/ε4） of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） were screened. Their hippocampus volumes and MRS parameters were obtained through magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and results in two groups were analyzed by statistical method. Results Compared with control group, the concentrations of E2 at each age stage in HRT group were significantly higher （P 〈0. 05） except the 80-89 years old subgroup; yet, there were no statistical differences in the concentrations of progesterone and testosterone between the two groups. There was no obvious difference in ApoE subtypes distribution between the two groups The results of hippocampus MRI for the subjects with susceptible genes ApoE ε3/ε4 （HRT group 14 cases, control group 11 cases） showed that the ratio of bilateral hippocampus volume to whole brain volume in HRT group （0. 406 ± 0.028） was signiticantlyhigher than control gronp （0.369±0.031, P〈0.05）. Theresults of ^1H MRS for the subjects with susceptible genes ApoE ε3/ε4 （ HRT group 12 cases, control group 11 cases） showed that the N-acetylaspartate/total creatine at the area of hippocampus in HRT group （ 1.54±0. 08 ） were significantly higher than control group （ 1.45±0. 13, P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions For postmenopausal women, long-term low dose HRT can maintain the physiological concentration of E2 in plasma. Furthermore, the hippocampus MRI performed on those with ApoE ε3/ε3 genes shows that long-term low dose HRT can prevent hippocampus atrophy, which is beneficial to maintain the brain function and prevent AD.展开更多
Schizophrenia(SCZ)is a devastating and complicated mental disorder accompanied by variable positive and negative symptoms and cognitive deficits.Although many genetic risk factors have been identified,SCZ is also cons...Schizophrenia(SCZ)is a devastating and complicated mental disorder accompanied by variable positive and negative symptoms and cognitive deficits.Although many genetic risk factors have been identified,SCZ is also considered as a neurodevelopmental disorder.Elucidation of the pathogenesis and the development of treatment is challenging because complex interactions occur between these genetic risk factors and environment in essential neurodevelopmental processes.Adult neural stem cells share a lot of similarities with embryonic neural stem cells and provide a promising model for studying neuronal development in adulthood.These adult neural stem cells also play an important role in cognitive functions including temporal and spatial memory encoding and context discrimination,which have been shown to be closely linked with many psychiatric disorders,such as SCZ.Here in this review,we focus on the SCZ risk genes and the key components in related signaling pathways in adult hippocampal neural stem cells and summarize their roles in adult neurogenesis and animal behaviors.We hope that this would be helpful for the understanding of the contribution of dysregulated adult neural stem cells in the pathogenesis of SCZ and for the identification of potential therapeutic targets,which could facilitate the development of novel medication and treatment.展开更多
To investigate the effect of Myocardin related transcription factor A(MRTF-A)on apoptosis induced by ischemic/reperfusion(I/R),middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)in rats were applied to mimic I/R.The ...To investigate the effect of Myocardin related transcription factor A(MRTF-A)on apoptosis induced by ischemic/reperfusion(I/R),middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)in rats were applied to mimic I/R.The neurological deficit score,cerebral infarct size,cortical neuron apoptosis and cleaved caspase 3 level were evaluated to determine the effect and the level of apoptosis by TTC straining,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)straining,Western blot and immunofuorescence staining.The myeloid cell leukemia-1(Mcl-1)expression,release of cytochrome C(Cyt C)and its colocalization with apoptotic pro-tease activating factor-1(Apaf-1)were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),Western blot,and immunofuorescence staining.The results showed that MRTF-A over-expression could decrease the neurological deficit score and reduce cerebral infarct size(P<0.01 versus Sham).In the MRTF-A-I/R group,TUNEL-positive cells and apoptosis ratio(%)(51.61±6.17%)were significantly decreased compared to the Neg-I/R group(76.45±8.77%)at 24 h reperfusion.Meanwhile,the cleaved caspase 3 expression revealed a similar trend while the expression of Mcl-1 was the opposite.Moreover,MRTF-A overexpression significantly enhanced Mcl-1 fAuorescence intensity,which up-regulated the mRNA and protein level(P<0.05or P<0.01 versus Neg-I/R).Furthermore,MRTF-A overexpression markedly inhibited the release of Cyt C,and decreased the colocalization with Apaf-1 in the cytoplasm(P<0.05 or P<0.01.versus Neg-I/R).All the data indicated that MRTF-A overexpression could improve the neu-rological function against cerebral I/R-induced apoptosis since underlying mechanism might be involved in the Mc-1/Cyt C/cleaved caspase 3 signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective：To investigate the relationship between sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） and some cardiovascular disorders in adult habitual snorers as well as the effectiveness of nasal continuous positive airway pr...Objective：To investigate the relationship between sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） and some cardiovascular disorders in adult habitual snorers as well as the effectiveness of nasal continuous positive airway pressure（NCPAP） on those with OSAHS. Methods： With the use of polysomnography, 262 adult habitual snorers were examined and divided into the OSAHS group and the Non-OSAHS group （control）. Using ambulatory electrocardiogram and blood pressure measurement, daily nocturnal rhythm of blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate variability, some arrythmias and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease were monitored and compared between the two groups, before and after 14 days of treatment with NCPAP in the OSAHS group. Results.This study indicated a higher incidence （39.6%） of OSAHS in adult snorers and demonstrated that there was a significantly higher incidence of hypertension, disappearance of the daily nocturnal rhythm of blood pressure, poor effectiveness of nitrate on angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, decreased heart rate variability during sleep, increased arrythmias and lower SpO2 levels in the OSAHS group than in the Non-OSAHS group. After NCPAP treatment during sleep, snoring control, significantly higher SpO2 and lower apnea hypopnea indices were achieved in the OSAHS group; heart rate variability and daily nocturnal rhythm of blood pressure returned to normal levels. Conclusion：The results of this research suggested that there was a close relationship between the development of OSAHS and some cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, NCPAP treatment was effective not only on OSAHS but also on coexisting cardiovascular disorders.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22301079 and 22473002)the University Annual Scientific Research Plan of Anhui Province(No.2022AH010013)Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Application of Optoelectronic Information Materials(No.OIM-2024-09).
文摘A novel square-shaped metallacycle M,functionalized with carbazole and benzothiadiazole,was synthesized through coordination-driven self-assembly.The discrete metallacyclic architecture endows M with superior optical properties owing to its rigid metallacyclic skeleton and donor-acceptor electronic structure.The femtosecond transient absorption(fs-TA)spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the macrocyclic skeleton significantly promotes the intramolecular charge transfer efficiency and the rapid formation of triplet states.Furthermore,leveraging M as a photocatalyst enabled to drive the cross-dehydrogenative coupling(CDC)reactions with>90%efficiency,which was facilitated by its persistent charge separation states and long-lived triplet states.This work highlights the critical role of metallacycle engineering in optimizing photophysical dynamics and advancing applications in smart optoelectronics and sustainable photocatalysis.
基金Scientific Research Support Fund for Chinese PLA General Hospital,No.2012FCTSYS-3035
文摘AIM To assess the efficiency of endoscopic trans-esophageal submucosal tunneling surgery(EESTS) technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.METHODS Nine pigs were assigned to EESTs. The procedures were as follows: First, a long esophageal submucosal tunnel was established. Second, full-thickness myotomy was created. Third, an endoscope was entered into the abdominal cavity through a muscle incision and the endoscope was around the aorta ventralis. Eventually,celiac trunk ganglion neurolysis, partial hepatectomy and splenectomy, partial tissue resection in the area of the posterior peritoneum, and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) combined with lymph node dissection were performed. The animals were given antibiotics for 5 d and necropsied 7 d after surgery.RESULTS In all surgeries, one pig died from intraperitoneal hemorrhage after doing partial splenectomy, while the other pigs were alive after successfully operating other surgeries. For surgery of celiac trunk ganglion damage, at necropsy, there was no exudation in the abdominal cavity. Regarding surgery of partial hepatectomy, the wound with part healing was observed in the left hepatic lobe, and no bleeding or obvious exudation was seen. In surgery of partial splenectomy, massive hemorrhage was observed on the splenic wound surface, and the metal clips could not stop bleeding. After surgery of retroperitoneal tissue resection, mild tissue adhesion was observed in the abdominal cavity of one animal, and another one suffered from severe infection. For surgery of ESD and lymph node dissection, a moderate tissue adhesion was observed.CONCLUSION EESTS is a feasible and safe technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.
基金Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2010-102)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of extracts from Honghua （Flos Carthaml~ on lipopolysaccharide in- duced nitric oxide （NO） production in RAW 264.7 cells and the influence of the extracts on yeast a-glucosidase activity. The total flavonoid content of the extracts was also determined. METHODS： Cytotoxicity of the extracts to RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated by the ATPliteTM method. Inhibitory effects of the extracts on NO production were evaluated by Griess assay. Curcumin was used as a positive control. Screening of extracts for po- tential a-glucosidase inhibitors was done by a fiuo- rometric assay. The assay was based on the hydroly- sis of 4-methylumbelliferyl-a-D-glucopyranoside toform the fluorescent product, 4-methylumbellifer- one. Acarbose was used as a positive control. The total t3avonoid content was tested using kaempfer- ol as the standard. RESULTS： There were significant inhibitory effects on NO production when the extracts were 25-100 μg/ mL （P〈0.05） and curcumin was 2-4 μg/mL （P〈 0.001）. The extracts showed an inhibitory effect on a-glucosidase activity at the concentrations of 15.6-125 μg/mL with a half maximal （50%）inhibito- ry concentration （ICs0） of （32.8± 5.7） μg/mL, com- pared with the ICs0 of acarbose at （1.8±0.4） μg/mL. There was a significant difference between the two IC50 values （P〈0.001）. The total content of flavo- noids per gram of dried herb was 1.14 mg. CONCLUSION： Honghua （Flos Carthami） showed in- hibitory effects on NO production in activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and an inhibitory effect on yeast a-glucosidase. There might be a relationship between these pharmacological effects and its fla- vonoid content.
文摘随着地球科学与生命科学的融合发展,由地质学、地貌学、古气候学、基因组学、系统发育学、种群遗传学和生物地理学等多学科关联形成的地理基因组学(geogenomics)将地表景观变化与生物演化联系起来,成为检验地质假设、重建地球历史及其生物协同演化的一个有效途径,并在全球生态保护方面展现出巨大潜力。本文通过Web of Science核心数据库的文献检索和计量分析,探讨了地理基因组学研究主题和热点的演变,并系统介绍了地理基因组学的基础概念和关键科学问题及其与相关研究领域的关系。作为一门正在兴起的多领域交叉学科,地理基因组学深度整合了地质、气候和基因组数据,反演了地质构造运动、生物类群分化历史和分布变迁的时空格局和相互影响,对促进地质学和生物进化研究具有重要意义。本文重点关注5个研究内容:检验地质假说、阐明区域或洲际尺度的地质过程、推断区域多样性演化历史、地质重建中的不确定性与尺度效应以及病原体的地理分布模式和扩散起源。目前,尽管我国在这一领域的相关研究还非常有限,但已针对若干重要科学问题展开,如青藏高原的差异性隆升历史,长江和黄河水系的演变等。未来还应进一步加强多学科方法的应用,开发更好的工具,并推动建立全球地理基因组学研究数据库。
基金Supported by 973 Program:the Research of Law and Principle of Moxibustion(No.2009CB522905)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To observe the influence of different moxibustion durations on hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin(POMC)and prodynorphin(PDYN)mRNA expressions and plasmaβ-endorphin(β-EP)content in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)rats,to understand the mechanism of moxibustion analgesia and its dose-effect relationship.METHODS:Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly selected from 48 male Wistar rats as a normal control group.The RA model was created by raising rats in a windy(blowing with electric fan),cold(6℃±2℃),and wet(80%-90%humidity)environment for 20 days,12 h each day.This was followed byinjectionofFreund'scompleteadjuvant(0.15 mL)into the ankle.Then,rats were randomly divided into a model group,moxibustion groupⅠ,and moxibustion groupⅡ,with 12 rats in each group.In moxibustion groupsⅠandⅡ,moxibustion was given at Shenshu(BL 23)and Zusanli(ST 36)for 20and 40 min,respectively,once daily for 15 days.Hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content were determined.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group,the pressure pain threshold decreased,while the hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content increased in the moxibustion groups(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the pressure pain threshold,hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content in the moxibustion groups increased significantly(P<0.01).Compared the moxibustion groupⅠ,the pain threshold,hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content in moxibustion groupⅡsignificantly increased(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Moxibustion has an analgesic effect and increases hypothalamic POMC and PDYN mRNA expression levels and plasmaβ-EP content inRArats.TheanalgesiceffectinmoxibustiongroupⅡisbetterthanthatinmoxibustiongroupⅠ.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81273735 and No.81373563Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China,No.2016A020215135 and No.2013B021800169The Specific Research Fund for TCM Science and Technology of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine,China,No.YN2014ZH05
文摘AIM To explore the let-7a-mediated anti-cancer effect of Yangzheng Sanjie decoction(YZSJD) in gastric cancer(GC) cells.METHODS YZSJD-containing serum(YCS) was prepared using traditional Chinese medicine serum pharmacology methods. After YCS treatment, cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively, and mi RNA expression profiles were determined using q PCR arrays. Let-7a expression was examined by in situ hybridization in GC tissues and by q PCR in GC cells. c-Myc protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in GC tissues, and by Western blot in cell lines.RESULTS YZSJD significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in AGS and HS-746 T GC cells. After treatment with YCS, the mi RNA expression profiles were altered and the reduced let-7a levels in both cell lines were up-regulated, accompanied by a decrease in c-Myc expression. Moreover, decreased let-7a expression and increased c-Myc expression were observed during the progression of gastric mucosa cancerization.CONCLUSION YZSJD inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of GC cells by restoring the aberrant expression of let-7a and c-Myc.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81273735Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China,No.2013B021800169Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Research Projects of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine,China,No.YN2014ZH05
文摘There are several malignancies of the digestive system(including gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma), which are the most common types of cancer and a major cause of death worldwide. MicroRNA(miR)-7 is abundant in the pancreas, playing an important role in pancreatic development and endocrine function. Expression of miR-7 is downregulated in digestive system malignancies compared with normal tissue. Although there are contrasting results for miR-7 expression, almost all research reveals that miR-7 is a tumor suppressor, by targeting various genes in specific pathways. Moreover, miR-7 can target different genes simultaneously in different malignancies of the digestive system. By acting on many cytokines, miR-7 is also involved in many gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases as a significant carcinogenic factor. Consequently, miR-7 might be a biomarker or therapeutic target gene in digestive system malignancies.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81774238, No. 81373563, and No.30772689Construction of Chinese First-class Discipline of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2017, No.70+2 种基金Construction of Chinese First-class Discipline Research of Key Project of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine([2020] No. 62,[2019] No. 5, and[2018] No. 6)Construction of High-level University of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(2016, No. 64)Innovation Team to Foster Scientific Research Projects of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.2016KYTD07。
文摘BACKGROUND Although nonpharmacological interventions(NPI) for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) have been applied clinically, their relative efficacy and safety are poorly understood.AIM To compare and rank different NPI in the treatment of IBS.METHODS Five electronic databases were searched from their inception to January 12, 2020. Data of included publications were analyzed using network meta-analysis(NMA). Quality of endpoints were assessed by tools of the Cochrane Handbook and the GRADEpro software. Pooled relative risk or standardized mean difference with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) probability value was conducted to rank the examined interventions. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of results and test the source of heterogeneity.RESULTS Forty randomized controlled trials with 4196 participants were included in this NMA. Compared with routine pharmacotherapies and placebo, acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) had better efficacy in relieving IBS symptoms. Based on the SUCRA values, acupuncture ranked first in improving overall clinical efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. CBT ranked first in lowering the scores of IBS symptom severity scale, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale.CONCLUSION This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of NPI for improving IBS symptoms, which to some extent recommended several interventions for clinical practice.
基金This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University(approval no.KY23117).
文摘BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)is a common form of chronic glomer-ulonephritis.Currently,IgAN is one of the main causes of chronic renal failure in China;its prognosis varies greatly between patients,with renal function at the time of diagnosis and prognosis being strongly correlated.Mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)is a drug with a good immunomodulatory effect and is commonly used clinically.However,its effects in IgAN have not yet been clearly demonstrated.Therefore,herein,we retrospectively compared the effectiveness and safety of prednisone alone or combined with MMF for the treatment of primary IgAN with moderate-to-severe renal impairment.METHODS Between January 2011 and December 2020,200 patients with moderate-to-severe IgAN were included in this study,all of whom were admitted to Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University.All patients underwent a renal puncture biopsy,which revealed primary IgAN with a glomerular filtration rate(GFR)of 30–60 mL/min.The patients were divided into a glucocorticoid therapy group(GTG)and an immunosuppressive therapy group(ITG)according to the different treatment regimens,with 100 patients in each group.Based on general treatments,such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers,patients in the GTG were administered prednisone 0.5–0.8 mg/(kg·d^(-1))for 4–8 wk,which was reduced by 5 mg every two weeks until the maintenance(30 mg/d)dose was reached and maintained for 12 mo.In the ITG,MMF was administered at 1.0 g/d for 6–12 mo,followed by a maintenance dosage of 0.5 g/d for 12 mo.Age,sex,blood pressure,24-h urinary egg white measurement,serum creatinine(Scr),blood uric acid,blood albumin,blood potassium(K),hemoglobin,GFR,alanine aminotransferase,total cholesterol(T-CHO),fasting blood glucose,and body mass index were recorded.The 24-h urinary protein,Scr,and GFR levels were recorded 3,6,9,and 12 mo after treatment.Follow-up data were also collected.RESULTS No discernible differences existed between the two groups in terms of age,sex,blood pressure,creatinine,24-h urinary protein level,GFR,or other biochemical indicators at the time of enrollment.Both regimens significantly reduced the 24-h urinary protein quantitation and stabilized renal function.Nine months after treatment,the 24-h urinary protein and Scr of the ITG decreased more significantly than those of the GTG.By the 12th month of treatment,the 24-h urinary protein and Scr in both groups continued to decrease compared to those by the 9th month.In addition,the overall response rate in the ITG was significantly higher than that in the GTG.The occurrence of side effects did not vary significantly between the two regimens;however,endpoint events were significantly more common in the GTG than in the ITG.The follow-up time for the GTG was noticeably lower than that for the ITG.CONCLUSION Prednisone combined with MMF was effective for the treatment of IgAN with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction.
基金supported by the "973" National Basic Research Program(2012 CB 518202,and "Pre-973" National Basic Research Program(2012 CB 722506)
文摘Objective Aim of our study was to compare hematological parameters in Tibetan natives with those in Han migrants living on the Tibet plateau in order to determine the potential effects of age,gender,and ethnicity on hematological response to hypoxia.Methods Blood hemoglobin(Hb,g/dl),hematocrit(Hct,%),red blood cells(RBC,10~6/mm^3) were measured in 3 588 healthy Tibetan natives and 3 371 Han migrants ranging in age from 5 to 72 years,living at a mean altitudes of 2 664 m,3 813 m,4 525 m and 5 226 m.Results Hemoglobin(Hb) concentration analysis was made by multiple regression equations relating hemoglobin to altitude and age.For 2 093 Han males,Hb =9.612+ 0.001440xaltitude+ 0.06148 xage.For1 948 Tibetan males,Hb =12.202+ 0.000462xaltitude+ 0.02893 xage.For 1 278 Han females,Hb = 10.858+0.000939xaltitude+ 0.02632 xage.For 1 640 Tibetan females,Hb =11.402+ 0.000626xaltitude+ 0.00412 xage.Each of the four equations was statistically significant(P<0.001),and had variance(r2) of 0.86 or more,indicating that altitude and age accounted for at least 85%of the variation in hemoglobin levels.The coefficients for altitude and for age were higher(P<0.05) in Han males than in Tibetan males and higher(P<0.05)in Han females than in Tibetan females.The Tibetan postmenopausal females had higher Hb values than premenopausal females only presented at altitude above 4 000 m while this phenomenon was beginning at altitude of 2 664 m among Han females.Conclusion We conclude that gender and increasing age in Tibetans are associated with lower hemoglobin values than those in Han at high altitude,and we speculate that genetic factors seems to be important.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902410)Program of State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products(KF20200106)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY21C190002)Foundation of Ningbo City of China(202003N4120)。
文摘Chronic pollution in aquatic ecosystems can lead to many adverse effects,including a greater susceptibility to pathogens among resident biota.Trifloxystrobin(TFS)is a strobilurin fungicide widely used in Asia to control soybean rust.However,it has the potential to enter aquatic ecosystems,where it may impair fish resistance to viral infections.To explore the potential environmental risks of TFS,we characterized the antiviral capacities of fish chronically exposed to TFS and subsequently infected with spring viraemia of carp virus(SVCV).Although TFS exhibited no significant cytotoxicity at the tested environmental concentrations during viral challenge,SVCV replication increased significantly in a time-dependent manner within epithelioma papulosum cyprini(EPC)cells and zebrafish exposed to 25μg/L TFS.Results showed that the highest viral load was more than 100-fold that of the controls.Intracellular biochemical assays indicated that autophagy was induced by TFS,and associated changes included an increase in autophagosomes,conversion of LC3-II,accumulation of Beclin-1,and degradation of P62 in EPC cells and zebrafish.In addition,TFS markedly decreased the expression and phosphorylation of mTOR,indicating that activation of TFS may be associated with the mTORmediated autophagy pathway.This study provides new insights into the mechanism of the immunosuppressive effects of TFS on non-target aquatic hosts and suggests that the existence of TFS in aquatic environments may contribute to outbreaks of viral diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81373334 and 81573375)
文摘Accelerated blood clearance(ABC) phenomenon is common in many PEGylated nanocarriers, whose mechanism has not been completely elucidated yet. In this study, the correlation between Kupffer cells(KCs) and ABC phenomenon has been studied by KCs-targeted liposomes inducing ABC phenomenon and KCs depletion. In other words, the 4-aminophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside(APM) lipid derivative DSPE-PEG 2000-APM(DPM), and 4-aminophenyl-β-L-fucopyranoside(APF) lipid derivative DSPE-PEG 2000-APF(DPF) were conjugated and modified on alendronate sodium(AD) liposomes to specifically target and deplete KCs. The dualligand modified PEGylated liposomes(MFPL) showed stronger ability to damage KCs in vitro and in vivo, which also could indirectly illustrate that dual-ligand modification could better target KCs. Besides, the hepatic biodistribution and pharmacokinetics could directly prove that MFPL had a stronger targeting ability to KCs. In addition, in depletion rats, plasma concentration and splenic biodistribution of MFPL and PEGylated liposomes(PL) were significantly elevated and hepatic biodistribution was significantly reduced, which demonstrated that KCs played an important role on elimination of nanoparticles. What’s more, ABC phenomenon of the secondary injection of PL was stronger in KCs depletion rats than that in normal rats, which indicated that depletion of KCs prolonged the circulation of PL in the first injection repeatedly stimulating B-cells in the marginal region of the spleen and causing it to secrete more IgM antibodies. This could also illustrate that anti-PEG IgM takes up a major station compared with KCs. Most important of all, KCs-targeted liposomes could induce a stronger ABC phenomenon than PL in normal rats, which declared that based on the same IgM concentration, the more the KCs were stimulated, the stronger ABC phenomenon was induced. However, in depletion rats, this difference of ABC phenomenon between PL and MFPL could no more exist, further demonstrating that KCs could participate and play a certain role in the ABC phenomenon.
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences’Large-Scale Scientific Facility under Grant No U1532149the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No2014CB931704
文摘Polycrystalline LaCrO3（LCO） thin films are deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition and used as the switching material to construct resistive random access memory devices. The unipolar resistive switching（RS） behavior in the Au/LCO/Pt devices exhibits a high resistance ratio of ~104 between the high resistance state（HRS） and low resistance state（LRS） and exhibits excellent endurance/retention characteristics.The conduction mechanism of the HRS in the high voltage range is dominated by the Schottky emission, while the Ohmic conduction dictates the LRS and the low voltage range of HRS. The RS behavior in the Au/LCO/Pt devices can be understood by the formation and rupture of conducting filaments consisting of oxygen vacancies,which is validated by the temperature dependence of resistance and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results.Further analysis shows that the reset current IR and reset power PR in the reset processes exhibit a scaling law with the resistance in LRS（R0）, which indicates that the Joule heating effect plays an essential role in the RS behavior of the Au/LCO/Pt devices.
文摘To investigate the effects of long-term low dose hormone replacement therapy （HRT） on postmenopaosal women in homone level, cognition score, hippocampus volume, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy （MRS） parameters. Methods A total of 182 postmenopausal women aged 50-87 years were chosen at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and assigned to HRT group and control group. The volunteers of HRT group had taken low dose hormone [ estradiol （E2 ） 0. 5-1.0 mg and progesterone 0.5-2.0 mg, once a day ] for 4-33 years. The concentrations of E2, progesterone, and testosterone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The gene types of apolipoprotein E （ApoE） were measured by polymerase chain reaction, and the subjects with susceptible genes （ ApoE ε3/ε4） of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） were screened. Their hippocampus volumes and MRS parameters were obtained through magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and results in two groups were analyzed by statistical method. Results Compared with control group, the concentrations of E2 at each age stage in HRT group were significantly higher （P 〈0. 05） except the 80-89 years old subgroup; yet, there were no statistical differences in the concentrations of progesterone and testosterone between the two groups. There was no obvious difference in ApoE subtypes distribution between the two groups The results of hippocampus MRI for the subjects with susceptible genes ApoE ε3/ε4 （HRT group 14 cases, control group 11 cases） showed that the ratio of bilateral hippocampus volume to whole brain volume in HRT group （0. 406 ± 0.028） was signiticantlyhigher than control gronp （0.369±0.031, P〈0.05）. Theresults of ^1H MRS for the subjects with susceptible genes ApoE ε3/ε4 （ HRT group 12 cases, control group 11 cases） showed that the N-acetylaspartate/total creatine at the area of hippocampus in HRT group （ 1.54±0. 08 ） were significantly higher than control group （ 1.45±0. 13, P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions For postmenopausal women, long-term low dose HRT can maintain the physiological concentration of E2 in plasma. Furthermore, the hippocampus MRI performed on those with ApoE ε3/ε3 genes shows that long-term low dose HRT can prevent hippocampus atrophy, which is beneficial to maintain the brain function and prevent AD.
文摘Schizophrenia(SCZ)is a devastating and complicated mental disorder accompanied by variable positive and negative symptoms and cognitive deficits.Although many genetic risk factors have been identified,SCZ is also considered as a neurodevelopmental disorder.Elucidation of the pathogenesis and the development of treatment is challenging because complex interactions occur between these genetic risk factors and environment in essential neurodevelopmental processes.Adult neural stem cells share a lot of similarities with embryonic neural stem cells and provide a promising model for studying neuronal development in adulthood.These adult neural stem cells also play an important role in cognitive functions including temporal and spatial memory encoding and context discrimination,which have been shown to be closely linked with many psychiatric disorders,such as SCZ.Here in this review,we focus on the SCZ risk genes and the key components in related signaling pathways in adult hippocampal neural stem cells and summarize their roles in adult neurogenesis and animal behaviors.We hope that this would be helpful for the understanding of the contribution of dysregulated adult neural stem cells in the pathogenesis of SCZ and for the identification of potential therapeutic targets,which could facilitate the development of novel medication and treatment.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.31171327 and 81770377)the Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2017CFB448).
文摘To investigate the effect of Myocardin related transcription factor A(MRTF-A)on apoptosis induced by ischemic/reperfusion(I/R),middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)in rats were applied to mimic I/R.The neurological deficit score,cerebral infarct size,cortical neuron apoptosis and cleaved caspase 3 level were evaluated to determine the effect and the level of apoptosis by TTC straining,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)straining,Western blot and immunofuorescence staining.The myeloid cell leukemia-1(Mcl-1)expression,release of cytochrome C(Cyt C)and its colocalization with apoptotic pro-tease activating factor-1(Apaf-1)were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),Western blot,and immunofuorescence staining.The results showed that MRTF-A over-expression could decrease the neurological deficit score and reduce cerebral infarct size(P<0.01 versus Sham).In the MRTF-A-I/R group,TUNEL-positive cells and apoptosis ratio(%)(51.61±6.17%)were significantly decreased compared to the Neg-I/R group(76.45±8.77%)at 24 h reperfusion.Meanwhile,the cleaved caspase 3 expression revealed a similar trend while the expression of Mcl-1 was the opposite.Moreover,MRTF-A overexpression significantly enhanced Mcl-1 fAuorescence intensity,which up-regulated the mRNA and protein level(P<0.05or P<0.01 versus Neg-I/R).Furthermore,MRTF-A overexpression markedly inhibited the release of Cyt C,and decreased the colocalization with Apaf-1 in the cytoplasm(P<0.05 or P<0.01.versus Neg-I/R).All the data indicated that MRTF-A overexpression could improve the neu-rological function against cerebral I/R-induced apoptosis since underlying mechanism might be involved in the Mc-1/Cyt C/cleaved caspase 3 signaling pathway.
文摘Objective：To investigate the relationship between sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） and some cardiovascular disorders in adult habitual snorers as well as the effectiveness of nasal continuous positive airway pressure（NCPAP） on those with OSAHS. Methods： With the use of polysomnography, 262 adult habitual snorers were examined and divided into the OSAHS group and the Non-OSAHS group （control）. Using ambulatory electrocardiogram and blood pressure measurement, daily nocturnal rhythm of blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate variability, some arrythmias and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease were monitored and compared between the two groups, before and after 14 days of treatment with NCPAP in the OSAHS group. Results.This study indicated a higher incidence （39.6%） of OSAHS in adult snorers and demonstrated that there was a significantly higher incidence of hypertension, disappearance of the daily nocturnal rhythm of blood pressure, poor effectiveness of nitrate on angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, decreased heart rate variability during sleep, increased arrythmias and lower SpO2 levels in the OSAHS group than in the Non-OSAHS group. After NCPAP treatment during sleep, snoring control, significantly higher SpO2 and lower apnea hypopnea indices were achieved in the OSAHS group; heart rate variability and daily nocturnal rhythm of blood pressure returned to normal levels. Conclusion：The results of this research suggested that there was a close relationship between the development of OSAHS and some cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, NCPAP treatment was effective not only on OSAHS but also on coexisting cardiovascular disorders.
