To the Editor:Radiation therapy(RT)is important in treating thoracic tumors.However,RT inevitably causes damage to normal lungs,leading to radiation-induced lung injury(RILI).Physical and biological factors conjointly...To the Editor:Radiation therapy(RT)is important in treating thoracic tumors.However,RT inevitably causes damage to normal lungs,leading to radiation-induced lung injury(RILI).Physical and biological factors conjointly determine RILI.Understanding the role of physical technology development in reducing RILI is more conducive to developing and applying radiotherapy physical technology.The physical technology mentioned here is mainly based on the principles and methods of physics(engineering)applied in RT.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Large-scale studies on the role of multivitamin-mineral(MVM)supplementation in preventing and managing acute respiratory infections(AURIs)are limited in Chinese populations.This study eval ua...Background and Objectives:Large-scale studies on the role of multivitamin-mineral(MVM)supplementation in preventing and managing acute respiratory infections(AURIs)are limited in Chinese populations.This study eval uated the impact of routine MVM use on AURI prevalence and symptom severity in a community-based Chinese cohort.Methods and Study Design:This retrospective study was conducted among community-based populations across China(n=3,415).Using a structured questionnaire,participants self-reported episodes of AURIs over three months.Based on regular use of MVM for at least 3 months,eligible participants were categorized into the MVM group and the control group.The impact of MVM on the frequency and severity of AURIs was assessed.Rigorous methodological approaches were applied to minimize potential biases.Results:The period prevalence of AURIs was significantly lower in the MVM group(29.9%)compared to controls(45.6%),odds ratio(OR)=0.508(p<0.001).After propensity score matching,demographic and lifestyle factors were comparable between groups.The period prevalence of AURIs was 31.7%and 44.8%in the MVM and control groups(OR=0.572,p<0.001).Subgroup analysis indicated the protective effect of MVM supplementation was particularly significant among participants aged≥45 years(OR=0.407,p<0.001).The MVM group reported lower prevalence of nasal congestion(OR=0.624,p<0.001),sore throat(OR=0.575,p<0.001),headache(OR=0.642,p<0.001),diarrhea(OR=0.718,0.026),sneezing(OR=0.651,p=0.002),and fatigue(OR=0.694,p=0.004)relative to the control group.Conclu sions:Daily MVM supplementation for at least 3 months reduced the period prevalence of the common cold and influenza and may contribute to enhanced immune resilience in the Chinese population.展开更多
Quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA) is increasingly valued by researchers because of its nanoscale size and very low power consumption. However, in the manufacture of nanoscale devices prone to various forms of defects...Quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA) is increasingly valued by researchers because of its nanoscale size and very low power consumption. However, in the manufacture of nanoscale devices prone to various forms of defects, which will affect the subsequent circuits design. Therefore, fault-tolerant QCA architectures have become a new research direction. The purpose of this paper is to build a novel fault-tolerant three-input majority gate based on normal cells. Compared with the previous structures, the majority gate shows high fault tolerance under single-cell and double-cell omission defects. In order to examine the functionality of the proposed structure, some physical proofs under single cell missing defects are provided. Besides, two new fault-tolerant decoders are constructed based on the proposed majority gate. In order to fully demonstrate the performance of the proposed decoder, the previous decoders were thoroughly compared in terms of fault tolerance, area and delay. The result shows that the proposed design has a good fault tolerance characteristic, while the performance in other aspects is also quite good.展开更多
基金Project of Science,Technology Department of Yunnan Province and Kunming Medical University(No.202101AY070001-164)
文摘To the Editor:Radiation therapy(RT)is important in treating thoracic tumors.However,RT inevitably causes damage to normal lungs,leading to radiation-induced lung injury(RILI).Physical and biological factors conjointly determine RILI.Understanding the role of physical technology development in reducing RILI is more conducive to developing and applying radiotherapy physical technology.The physical technology mentioned here is mainly based on the principles and methods of physics(engineering)applied in RT.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100600/2022YFF1100604)Haleon China.
文摘Background and Objectives:Large-scale studies on the role of multivitamin-mineral(MVM)supplementation in preventing and managing acute respiratory infections(AURIs)are limited in Chinese populations.This study eval uated the impact of routine MVM use on AURI prevalence and symptom severity in a community-based Chinese cohort.Methods and Study Design:This retrospective study was conducted among community-based populations across China(n=3,415).Using a structured questionnaire,participants self-reported episodes of AURIs over three months.Based on regular use of MVM for at least 3 months,eligible participants were categorized into the MVM group and the control group.The impact of MVM on the frequency and severity of AURIs was assessed.Rigorous methodological approaches were applied to minimize potential biases.Results:The period prevalence of AURIs was significantly lower in the MVM group(29.9%)compared to controls(45.6%),odds ratio(OR)=0.508(p<0.001).After propensity score matching,demographic and lifestyle factors were comparable between groups.The period prevalence of AURIs was 31.7%and 44.8%in the MVM and control groups(OR=0.572,p<0.001).Subgroup analysis indicated the protective effect of MVM supplementation was particularly significant among participants aged≥45 years(OR=0.407,p<0.001).The MVM group reported lower prevalence of nasal congestion(OR=0.624,p<0.001),sore throat(OR=0.575,p<0.001),headache(OR=0.642,p<0.001),diarrhea(OR=0.718,0.026),sneezing(OR=0.651,p=0.002),and fatigue(OR=0.694,p=0.004)relative to the control group.Conclu sions:Daily MVM supplementation for at least 3 months reduced the period prevalence of the common cold and influenza and may contribute to enhanced immune resilience in the Chinese population.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61271122)
文摘Quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA) is increasingly valued by researchers because of its nanoscale size and very low power consumption. However, in the manufacture of nanoscale devices prone to various forms of defects, which will affect the subsequent circuits design. Therefore, fault-tolerant QCA architectures have become a new research direction. The purpose of this paper is to build a novel fault-tolerant three-input majority gate based on normal cells. Compared with the previous structures, the majority gate shows high fault tolerance under single-cell and double-cell omission defects. In order to examine the functionality of the proposed structure, some physical proofs under single cell missing defects are provided. Besides, two new fault-tolerant decoders are constructed based on the proposed majority gate. In order to fully demonstrate the performance of the proposed decoder, the previous decoders were thoroughly compared in terms of fault tolerance, area and delay. The result shows that the proposed design has a good fault tolerance characteristic, while the performance in other aspects is also quite good.
