The regenerative capacities of organs in adult mammals vary significantly.Unlike the liver,which possesses remarkable regenerative potential,the repair of cardiac injuries has long posed a critical medical challenge.R...The regenerative capacities of organs in adult mammals vary significantly.Unlike the liver,which possesses remarkable regenerative potential,the repair of cardiac injuries has long posed a critical medical challenge.Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of the immune microenvironment in repairing damage in these tissues,but the key cell types and their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood.In this study,we established a model of concurrent physical trauma to the hearts and livers of adult mice,revealing that these two injured tissues drive distinct immune microenvironments.The liver primarily accumulates lymphocytes,whereas the heart recruits macrophages and neutrophils.Notably,CD160^(+)CD8^(+)intraepithelial lymphocytes in the liver were found to suppress fibrosis postliver injury and mitigate cardiac fibrosis when delivered via hydrogel patches.Conversely,in response to heart trauma,recruited inflammatory macrophages not only express proinflammatory cytokines but also coexpress CCRL2.While CCRL2 did not directly alter the intensity of the inflammatory response,it facilitated fibroblast proliferation and migration through its interaction with Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase on fibroblasts.These findings elucidated the contrasting immune microenvironments between the heart and liver following injury and provided novel insights and strategies for diagnosing and treating cardiac diseases.展开更多
Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside is derived from the dried root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.in the Paeoniaceae family,which holds significant value as a traditional Chinese medicine.This study investigated that M...Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside is derived from the dried root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.in the Paeoniaceae family,which holds significant value as a traditional Chinese medicine.This study investigated that Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside(MCTG)improved diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by targeting sirtuin 1(SIRT1)mediated autophagy pathway.Mechanistic insights were gained using DKD model rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)to delineate how MCTG operated in the treatment of DKD.Furthermore,network pharmacology was used to identify the primary metabolic pathways affected by MCTG,with key targets being confirmed through polymerase chain reaction(PCR),Western blot,Transmission electron microscope,immunofluorescence staining and monodansylcadaverine(MDC)staining.Finally,small interfering RNA transfection testified SIRT1 in advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)-induced HUVECs injury.MCTG effectively decreased blood glucose rise in DKD rats and reduced levels of cytokines and biochemical indicators.Network pharmacology revealed that metabolism was the main pathway of Moutan Cortex,and the main targets were verified by PCR and protein experiments.Based on these results,we found that Moutan Cortex could improve DKD and SIRT1 was a potential target.Furthermore,knockdown of SIRT1 attenuated AGEs-induced the expression of Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II/I(LC3 II/I)in HUVECs.In summary,this study demonstrated that Moutan Cortex could alleviate DKD via down-regulating SIRT1-mediated autophagy pathway.展开更多
非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是全球最常见且致命的恶性肿瘤之一,早期NSCLC以手术切除为主要治疗手段。肿瘤经气腔扩散(spread through air spaces,STAS)是一种肿瘤向肺部气腔扩散的新型传播模式,其与亚肺叶切除术...非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是全球最常见且致命的恶性肿瘤之一,早期NSCLC以手术切除为主要治疗手段。肿瘤经气腔扩散(spread through air spaces,STAS)是一种肿瘤向肺部气腔扩散的新型传播模式,其与亚肺叶切除术后的发生、复发和远处转移密切相关,使其成为手术方式选择和预后评估中至关重要的考虑因素。STAS阳性患者的术后复发率显著高于STAS阴性患者,其分子机制涉及肿瘤微环境的重塑、特异性基因突变及上皮-间质转化等过程。包括计算机断层扫描(CT)和正电子发射断层扫描/CT在内的影像技术已显示出术前预测STAS的潜力,但其准确性和可操作性仍有待提升。本文综述了STAS的定义、病理特征及相关机制,重点探讨STAS阳性患者的手术方式选择及其在早期NSCLC亚肺叶切除术后癌症复发中的作用,并提出未来研究方向,包括优化STAS的术前诊断方法、探索分子靶向治疗以及建立基于影像学的精准预测模型。展开更多
Supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))fracturing stands out a promising waterless stimulation technique in the development of unconventional resources.While numerous studies have delved into the inducedfracture mechanism of ...Supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))fracturing stands out a promising waterless stimulation technique in the development of unconventional resources.While numerous studies have delved into the inducedfracture mechanism of SC-CO_(2),the small scale of rock samples and synthetic materials used in many studies have limited a comprehensive understanding of fracture propagation in unconventional formations.In this study,cubic tight sandstone samples with dimensions of 300 mm were employed to conduct SC-CO_(2)fractu ring experiments under true-triaxial stre ss conditions.The spatial morphology and quantitative attributes of fracture induced by water and SC-CO_(2)fracturing were compared,while the impact of in-situ stress on fracture propagation was also investigated.The results indicate that the SCCO_(2)fracturing takes approximately ten times longer than water fracturing.Furthermore,under identical stress condition,the breakdown pressure(BP)for SC-CO_(2)fracturing is nearly 25%lower than that for water fracturing.A quantitative analysis of fracture morphology reveals that water fracturing typically produces relatively simple fracture pattern,with the primary fracture distribution predominantly controlled by bedding planes.In contrast,SC-CO_(2)fracturing results in a more complex fracture morphology.As the differential of horizontal principal stress increases,the BP for SC-CO_(2)fractured rock exhibits a downward trend,and the induced fracture morphology becomes more simplified.Moreover,the presence of abnormal in-situ stress leads to a further increase in the BP for SC-CO_(2)fracturing,simultaneously enhancing the development of a more conductive fracture network.These findings provide critical insights into the efficiency and behavior of SC-CO_(2)fracturing in comparison to traditional water-based fracturing,offering valuable implication for its potential applications in unconventional reservoirs.展开更多
Revealing the structure evolution of interfacial active species during a dynamic catalytic process is a challenging but pivotal issue for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.Here,we successfully prepare ...Revealing the structure evolution of interfacial active species during a dynamic catalytic process is a challenging but pivotal issue for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.Here,we successfully prepare sub-nanometric Pt clusters(~0.8 nm)encapsulated within the defects of CeO_(2)nanorods via an in-situ defect engineering methodology.The as-prepared Pt@d-CeO_(2)catalyst significantly boosts the activity and stability in the water-gas shift(WGS)reaction compared to other analogs.Based on controlled experiments and complementary(in-situ)spectroscopic studies,a reversible encapsulation induced by active site transformation between the Pt^(2+)-terminal hydroxyl and Pt^(δ+)-O vacancy species at the interface is revealed,which enables to evoke the enhanced performance.Our findings not only offer practical guidance for the design of high-efficiency catalysts but also bring a new understanding of the exceptional performance of WGS in a holistic view,which shows a great application potential in materials and catalysis.展开更多
Bacterial blight(BB),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo),poses a significant threat to rice production,particularly in Asia and West Africa.Breeding resistance against BB in elite rice varieties is cruci...Bacterial blight(BB),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo),poses a significant threat to rice production,particularly in Asia and West Africa.Breeding resistance against BB in elite rice varieties is crucial to advancing rice breeding program and supporting smallholder farmers.Transcription Activator-Like effectors(TALes)are key virulence factors in Xoo,with some targeting the susceptibility(S)genes such as the sugar transporter SWEET genes in rice.Among these,SWEET14 is an important S gene,with its promoter bound by the TALe TalC which exists across all sequenced African Xoo isolates.In the present study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9-based cytidine and adenine base editors to alter the effector binding element(EBE)of TalC in the promoter of SWEET14 in rice cultivars Kitaake,IR24,and Zhonghua 11.Mutations with C to T changes in EBE led to reduced SWEET14 induction by TalC-containing Xoo strains,resulting in resistance to African Xoo isolates reliant on TalC for virulence.Conversely,A to G changes retained SWEET14 inducibility and susceptibility to Xoo in edited lines.Importantly,no off-target mutations were detected at predicted sites,and the edited lines exhibited no obvious defects in major agronomic traits in Kitaake.These results underscore the effectiveness of base editing systems for both molecular biology research and crop improvement endeavors.展开更多
The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the liv...The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.展开更多
Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)employs multiple mechanisms,such as phagocytosis and autophagy,to evade innate immune clearance and establish infection.In the present study,we identified the ESX-1 secretion-associated ...Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)employs multiple mechanisms,such as phagocytosis and autophagy,to evade innate immune clearance and establish infection.In the present study,we identified the ESX-1 secretion-associated protein EspL,which promotes Mtb survival by inhibiting phagosome maturation and autophagy initiation.EspL knockout decreased Mtb intracellular survival,while EspL overexpression increased bacterial survival by interfering with phagocytosis and autophagy.EspL interacts with ULK1 and promotes its phosphorylation at Ser^(757),leading to the inhibition of autophagy initiation.Additionally,overexpression of EspL reduced antigen presentation and T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo.Our findings revealed that EspL interferes with autophagy and antigen presenta-tion by suppressing ULK1 activation.These insights provide a novel understanding of Mtb pathogenicity.展开更多
The exploration of titanium alloy applications in railway transportation aims to meet the newly emerged demand for vehicles that are lighter and more efficient.This research focuses on the potential of these materials...The exploration of titanium alloy applications in railway transportation aims to meet the newly emerged demand for vehicles that are lighter and more efficient.This research focuses on the potential of these materials to concurrently reduce vehicle weight and enhance efficiency,sustainability,and safety.Challenges faced include high production and processing costs,durability issues in harsh railway environments,and environmental impacts associated with alloy production.Research findings indicate that innovative alloy design and advanced processing techniques,such as powder metallurgy,additive manufacturing,and surface treatment,significantly improve the applicability of titanium alloys in railway applications.These methods substantially increase energy efficiency and safety.Additionally,advancements in environmentally sustainable practices in the production of titanium alloys address ecological concerns.As research progresses,the study and development of low-cost,high-performance titanium alloys highlight the need for more efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes.Exploring new alloy compositions and applying emerging technologies in processing and manufacturing are key areas for future research.These advancements are expected to enhance the role of titanium alloys in revolutionizing railway transportation,aligning with global trends towards sustainability and performance improvement.This research underscores the significant potential contribution of titanium alloys to future efficient and eco-friendly rail travel.展开更多
Diamond,an ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor material,is promising for solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors in extreme environments.However,when exposed to high-temperature conditions,diamond photodetector surfaces ar...Diamond,an ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor material,is promising for solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors in extreme environments.However,when exposed to high-temperature conditions,diamond photodetector surfaces are unavoidably terminated with oxygen,leading to low photoresponsivity.To address this limitation,single-crystalline diamond nanowires(DNWs)embedded with platinum(Pt)nanoparticles were developed using Pt film deposition followed by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)homoepitaxial growth.During the CVD,Pt nanoparticles(approximately 20 nm in diameter)undergo dewetting and become uniformly embedded within the single-crystalline DNWs.Photodetectors fabricated with these Pt nanoparticles-embedded DNWs achieve a responsivity of 68.5 A W^(−1) under 220 nm illumination at room temperature,representing an improvement of approximately 2000 times compared to oxygen-terminated bulk diamond devices.Notably,the responsivity further increases with temperature,reaching an exceptional value of 3098.7 A W^(−1) at 275℃.This outstanding performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the one-dimensional nanowire structure,deep-level defects,the localized surface plasmon resonance effects induced by embedded Pt nanoparticles,and localized Schottky junctions at the Pt/diamond interface,which enhance optical absorption,carrier generation,and separation efficiency.These results highlight the significant potential of Pt nanoparticles-embedded DNWs for advanced deep ultraviolet detection in harsh environments,including aerospace,industrial monitoring,and other applications.展开更多
The initiation and progression of colorectal cancer(CRC)are profoundly influenced by the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune system,underscoring the clinical importance of exploring the bidirec...The initiation and progression of colorectal cancer(CRC)are profoundly influenced by the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune system,underscoring the clinical importance of exploring the bidirectional regulatory mechanisms of the microbiota-immune axis within the CRC immune microenvironment.Emerging evidence indicates that the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiota play a vital role in modulating the host’s immune responses,while the immune system,in turn,can reciprocally regulate the structure and function of the microbiota.Despite significant insights into the role of the microbiota-immune axis in CRC progression,several critical questions remain unanswered-including how microbial heterogeneity affects therapeutic outcomes and the specific consequences of dysregulated regulatory mechanisms on the immune microenvironment.This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the compositional features of the CRC immune microenvironment,examine the bidirectional molecular mechanisms underpinning the microbiotaimmune axis,and evaluate the potential of targeted therapeutic strategies,thereby offering novel research perspectives and clinical applications for CRC treatment.展开更多
This study decouples the material microstructure into matrix and void phases.The undamaged constitutive is derived from the matrix phase,while the void phase contributes to damage evolution.A constitutive model is est...This study decouples the material microstructure into matrix and void phases.The undamaged constitutive is derived from the matrix phase,while the void phase contributes to damage evolution.A constitutive model is established by coupling the two.According to the void-phase evolution during damage,a damage sequence interaction model is proposed.Tests on new vehicles and vehicles in service materials yield stress-strain curves of materials without and with fatigue damage and measure the apparent elastic modulus.The damage sequence interaction model accurately predicts the residual mechanical properties of undamaged materials.A trolley collision test validates the constitutive model.Collision simulations at 25,36,and 48 km/h reveal that compared with undamaged models,the maximum vertical lift heights of moving vehicles with fatigue damage are 4.54%,3.74%,and 9.17%lower,respectively,and the maximum longitudinal compressions of stationary vehicles are 4.76%,14.53%,and 33.15%higher respectively.This research emphasizes the importance of considering fatigue damage in vehicle design and maintenance.The damage sequence interaction model has high engineering application value,applicable to vehicle safety checks and design,and provides a reference for improving relevant standards.展开更多
The abiotic oxidation of divalentmanganese(Mn(Ⅱ))and the formation of Mn oxides are important geochemical processes,which control the mobility and availability of Mn as well as element cycling and pollutant behavior ...The abiotic oxidation of divalentmanganese(Mn(Ⅱ))and the formation of Mn oxides are important geochemical processes,which control the mobility and availability of Mn as well as element cycling and pollutant behavior in soils.It was found that iron(oxyhydr)oxides can catalyze Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation,but the effects of the coexisting dissolved organic matter(DOM)molecules on the catalysis of different iron(oxyhydr)oxides for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation are poorly understood.Herein,we investigated Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation under the impacts of the interactions between iron(oxyhydr)oxides(i.e.,ferrihydrite,goethite and hematite)and DOM molecules.Simultaneously,we elucidated the variations of DOM composition and properties.Our results indicated that the catalysis of iron(oxyhydr)oxides for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation was significantly inhibited by DOM.Moreover,DOM had less inhibiting effect on the catalysis of ferrihydrite for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation and the formation of Mn oxides(e.g.,hausmannite and buserite)relative to goethite and hematite,whichwas partially because of the higher electron transfer capacities of ferrihydrite.Meanwhile,DOM molecules with high nominal oxidation state of carbon(NOSC),molecular weight,unsaturation and aromaticity were selectively adsorbed and oxidized by Mn oxides,including the oxygenated phenols and polyphenols.The newly formed molecules mainly belonged to phenols depleted of oxygen and aliphatics.Furthermore,NOSC was a key molecular characteristic for controlling DOM composition during DOM adsorption and oxidation by Mn oxides when iron minerals were present.Overall,our research contributes to understanding Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation mechanisms under heterogeneous systems and behaviors of DOM molecules in the environment.展开更多
In this paper,we develop a fourth-order conservative wavelet-based shock-capturing scheme.The scheme is constructed by combining a wavelet collocation upwind method with the monotonic tangent of hyperbola for interfac...In this paper,we develop a fourth-order conservative wavelet-based shock-capturing scheme.The scheme is constructed by combining a wavelet collocation upwind method with the monotonic tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing(THINC)technique.We employ boundary variation diminishing(BVD)reconstruction to enhance the scheme’s effectiveness in handling shocks.First,we prove that wavelet collocation upwind schemes based on interpolating wavelets can be reformulated into a conservative form within the framework of wavelet theory,forming the foundation of the proposed scheme.The new fourthorder accurate scheme possesses significantly better spectral resolution than the fifth-and even seventh-order WENO-Z(weighted essentially non-oscillatory)schemes over the entire wave-number range.Moreover,the inherent low-pass filtering property of the wavelet bases allows them to filter high-frequency numerical oscillations,endowing the wavelet upwind scheme with robustness and accuracy in solving problems under extreme conditions.Notably,due to the wavelet multiresolution approximation,the proposed scheme possesses a distinctive shape-preserving property absent in the WENO-Z schemes and the fifth-order schemes with BVD reconstruction based on polynomials.Furthermore,compared to the fifth-order scheme with BVD reconstruction based on polynomials—which is significantly superior to the WENO schemes—the proposed scheme further enhances the ability to capture discontinuities.展开更多
Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion.Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopo...Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion.Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopolymers,swimming bacteria,artificial swimmers,and animal herds.In contrast to wet active matter,dry active matter is an active system characterized by the absence of significant hydrodynamic interactions and conserved momentum.In dry active matter,the role of surrounding fluids is providing viscous friction at low Reynolds numbers and can be neglected at high Reynolds numbers.This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent experimental,computational,and theoretical advances in understanding phase transitions and critical phenomena in dry aligning active matter,including polar particles,self-propelled rods,active nematics,and their chiral counterparts.Various ways of determining phase transition points as well as non-equilibrium phenomena,such as collective motion,cluster formation,and creation and annihilation of topological defects are reviewed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFA1309100)the distinguished Young Scientist Fund of NSFC(82125016)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Program(82230061)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Special Program(82341216)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LHDMD22H100002)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1101803 and 2021ZD0203304)supported by the Jiangsu Science and Technology Project(Social Development)(BE2019669)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071046,82100540)supported by the 111 Program(D20036).
文摘The regenerative capacities of organs in adult mammals vary significantly.Unlike the liver,which possesses remarkable regenerative potential,the repair of cardiac injuries has long posed a critical medical challenge.Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of the immune microenvironment in repairing damage in these tissues,but the key cell types and their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood.In this study,we established a model of concurrent physical trauma to the hearts and livers of adult mice,revealing that these two injured tissues drive distinct immune microenvironments.The liver primarily accumulates lymphocytes,whereas the heart recruits macrophages and neutrophils.Notably,CD160^(+)CD8^(+)intraepithelial lymphocytes in the liver were found to suppress fibrosis postliver injury and mitigate cardiac fibrosis when delivered via hydrogel patches.Conversely,in response to heart trauma,recruited inflammatory macrophages not only express proinflammatory cytokines but also coexpress CCRL2.While CCRL2 did not directly alter the intensity of the inflammatory response,it facilitated fibroblast proliferation and migration through its interaction with Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase on fibroblasts.These findings elucidated the contrasting immune microenvironments between the heart and liver following injury and provided novel insights and strategies for diagnosing and treating cardiac diseases.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82474093,81973536)Jiangsu Province“Blue and Green Project”(184080H10240)+2 种基金Graduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu(KYCX23_0871)the National Natural Science Foundation of the Youth Science Fund Project(81703775)Health Research Program of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission(Q202107).
文摘Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside is derived from the dried root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.in the Paeoniaceae family,which holds significant value as a traditional Chinese medicine.This study investigated that Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside(MCTG)improved diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by targeting sirtuin 1(SIRT1)mediated autophagy pathway.Mechanistic insights were gained using DKD model rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)to delineate how MCTG operated in the treatment of DKD.Furthermore,network pharmacology was used to identify the primary metabolic pathways affected by MCTG,with key targets being confirmed through polymerase chain reaction(PCR),Western blot,Transmission electron microscope,immunofluorescence staining and monodansylcadaverine(MDC)staining.Finally,small interfering RNA transfection testified SIRT1 in advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)-induced HUVECs injury.MCTG effectively decreased blood glucose rise in DKD rats and reduced levels of cytokines and biochemical indicators.Network pharmacology revealed that metabolism was the main pathway of Moutan Cortex,and the main targets were verified by PCR and protein experiments.Based on these results,we found that Moutan Cortex could improve DKD and SIRT1 was a potential target.Furthermore,knockdown of SIRT1 attenuated AGEs-induced the expression of Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II/I(LC3 II/I)in HUVECs.In summary,this study demonstrated that Moutan Cortex could alleviate DKD via down-regulating SIRT1-mediated autophagy pathway.
文摘非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是全球最常见且致命的恶性肿瘤之一,早期NSCLC以手术切除为主要治疗手段。肿瘤经气腔扩散(spread through air spaces,STAS)是一种肿瘤向肺部气腔扩散的新型传播模式,其与亚肺叶切除术后的发生、复发和远处转移密切相关,使其成为手术方式选择和预后评估中至关重要的考虑因素。STAS阳性患者的术后复发率显著高于STAS阴性患者,其分子机制涉及肿瘤微环境的重塑、特异性基因突变及上皮-间质转化等过程。包括计算机断层扫描(CT)和正电子发射断层扫描/CT在内的影像技术已显示出术前预测STAS的潜力,但其准确性和可操作性仍有待提升。本文综述了STAS的定义、病理特征及相关机制,重点探讨STAS阳性患者的手术方式选择及其在早期NSCLC亚肺叶切除术后癌症复发中的作用,并提出未来研究方向,包括优化STAS的术前诊断方法、探索分子靶向治疗以及建立基于影像学的精准预测模型。
基金funded by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Nos.52304008,52404038,52474043)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023MD734223)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Well Stability and Fluid&Rock Mechanics in Oil and Gas Reservoir of Shaanxi Province(No.23JS047)the Youth Talent Lifting Program of Xi'an Science and Technology Association(No.959202413078)。
文摘Supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))fracturing stands out a promising waterless stimulation technique in the development of unconventional resources.While numerous studies have delved into the inducedfracture mechanism of SC-CO_(2),the small scale of rock samples and synthetic materials used in many studies have limited a comprehensive understanding of fracture propagation in unconventional formations.In this study,cubic tight sandstone samples with dimensions of 300 mm were employed to conduct SC-CO_(2)fractu ring experiments under true-triaxial stre ss conditions.The spatial morphology and quantitative attributes of fracture induced by water and SC-CO_(2)fracturing were compared,while the impact of in-situ stress on fracture propagation was also investigated.The results indicate that the SCCO_(2)fracturing takes approximately ten times longer than water fracturing.Furthermore,under identical stress condition,the breakdown pressure(BP)for SC-CO_(2)fracturing is nearly 25%lower than that for water fracturing.A quantitative analysis of fracture morphology reveals that water fracturing typically produces relatively simple fracture pattern,with the primary fracture distribution predominantly controlled by bedding planes.In contrast,SC-CO_(2)fracturing results in a more complex fracture morphology.As the differential of horizontal principal stress increases,the BP for SC-CO_(2)fractured rock exhibits a downward trend,and the induced fracture morphology becomes more simplified.Moreover,the presence of abnormal in-situ stress leads to a further increase in the BP for SC-CO_(2)fracturing,simultaneously enhancing the development of a more conductive fracture network.These findings provide critical insights into the efficiency and behavior of SC-CO_(2)fracturing in comparison to traditional water-based fracturing,offering valuable implication for its potential applications in unconventional reservoirs.
文摘Revealing the structure evolution of interfacial active species during a dynamic catalytic process is a challenging but pivotal issue for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.Here,we successfully prepare sub-nanometric Pt clusters(~0.8 nm)encapsulated within the defects of CeO_(2)nanorods via an in-situ defect engineering methodology.The as-prepared Pt@d-CeO_(2)catalyst significantly boosts the activity and stability in the water-gas shift(WGS)reaction compared to other analogs.Based on controlled experiments and complementary(in-situ)spectroscopic studies,a reversible encapsulation induced by active site transformation between the Pt^(2+)-terminal hydroxyl and Pt^(δ+)-O vacancy species at the interface is revealed,which enables to evoke the enhanced performance.Our findings not only offer practical guidance for the design of high-efficiency catalysts but also bring a new understanding of the exceptional performance of WGS in a holistic view,which shows a great application potential in materials and catalysis.
基金supported by a sub-award to the University of Missouri from the Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf funded by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(OPP1155704)(Bing Yang)and the China Scholar Council(Chenhao Li,as a joint Ph.D.student).
文摘Bacterial blight(BB),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae(Xoo),poses a significant threat to rice production,particularly in Asia and West Africa.Breeding resistance against BB in elite rice varieties is crucial to advancing rice breeding program and supporting smallholder farmers.Transcription Activator-Like effectors(TALes)are key virulence factors in Xoo,with some targeting the susceptibility(S)genes such as the sugar transporter SWEET genes in rice.Among these,SWEET14 is an important S gene,with its promoter bound by the TALe TalC which exists across all sequenced African Xoo isolates.In the present study,we utilized CRISPR/Cas9-based cytidine and adenine base editors to alter the effector binding element(EBE)of TalC in the promoter of SWEET14 in rice cultivars Kitaake,IR24,and Zhonghua 11.Mutations with C to T changes in EBE led to reduced SWEET14 induction by TalC-containing Xoo strains,resulting in resistance to African Xoo isolates reliant on TalC for virulence.Conversely,A to G changes retained SWEET14 inducibility and susceptibility to Xoo in edited lines.Importantly,no off-target mutations were detected at predicted sites,and the edited lines exhibited no obvious defects in major agronomic traits in Kitaake.These results underscore the effectiveness of base editing systems for both molecular biology research and crop improvement endeavors.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52172409)Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(Grant No.BX20240298)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682024GF023)Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation Project(Grant No.LBH-Z23041).
文摘The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number U21A20259the National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant number 2021YFD1800401.
文摘Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)employs multiple mechanisms,such as phagocytosis and autophagy,to evade innate immune clearance and establish infection.In the present study,we identified the ESX-1 secretion-associated protein EspL,which promotes Mtb survival by inhibiting phagosome maturation and autophagy initiation.EspL knockout decreased Mtb intracellular survival,while EspL overexpression increased bacterial survival by interfering with phagocytosis and autophagy.EspL interacts with ULK1 and promotes its phosphorylation at Ser^(757),leading to the inhibition of autophagy initiation.Additionally,overexpression of EspL reduced antigen presentation and T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo.Our findings revealed that EspL interferes with autophagy and antigen presenta-tion by suppressing ULK1 activation.These insights provide a novel understanding of Mtb pathogenicity.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375159)Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System(Grant No.2025RVL-T14).
文摘The exploration of titanium alloy applications in railway transportation aims to meet the newly emerged demand for vehicles that are lighter and more efficient.This research focuses on the potential of these materials to concurrently reduce vehicle weight and enhance efficiency,sustainability,and safety.Challenges faced include high production and processing costs,durability issues in harsh railway environments,and environmental impacts associated with alloy production.Research findings indicate that innovative alloy design and advanced processing techniques,such as powder metallurgy,additive manufacturing,and surface treatment,significantly improve the applicability of titanium alloys in railway applications.These methods substantially increase energy efficiency and safety.Additionally,advancements in environmentally sustainable practices in the production of titanium alloys address ecological concerns.As research progresses,the study and development of low-cost,high-performance titanium alloys highlight the need for more efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes.Exploring new alloy compositions and applying emerging technologies in processing and manufacturing are key areas for future research.These advancements are expected to enhance the role of titanium alloys in revolutionizing railway transportation,aligning with global trends towards sustainability and performance improvement.This research underscores the significant potential contribution of titanium alloys to future efficient and eco-friendly rail travel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172056,62125406,62304226,52188101,62450124,and 62074150)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1200801)the Special Projects of the Central Government in Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development(2024010859-JH6/1006).
文摘Diamond,an ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor material,is promising for solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors in extreme environments.However,when exposed to high-temperature conditions,diamond photodetector surfaces are unavoidably terminated with oxygen,leading to low photoresponsivity.To address this limitation,single-crystalline diamond nanowires(DNWs)embedded with platinum(Pt)nanoparticles were developed using Pt film deposition followed by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)homoepitaxial growth.During the CVD,Pt nanoparticles(approximately 20 nm in diameter)undergo dewetting and become uniformly embedded within the single-crystalline DNWs.Photodetectors fabricated with these Pt nanoparticles-embedded DNWs achieve a responsivity of 68.5 A W^(−1) under 220 nm illumination at room temperature,representing an improvement of approximately 2000 times compared to oxygen-terminated bulk diamond devices.Notably,the responsivity further increases with temperature,reaching an exceptional value of 3098.7 A W^(−1) at 275℃.This outstanding performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the one-dimensional nanowire structure,deep-level defects,the localized surface plasmon resonance effects induced by embedded Pt nanoparticles,and localized Schottky junctions at the Pt/diamond interface,which enhance optical absorption,carrier generation,and separation efficiency.These results highlight the significant potential of Pt nanoparticles-embedded DNWs for advanced deep ultraviolet detection in harsh environments,including aerospace,industrial monitoring,and other applications.
文摘The initiation and progression of colorectal cancer(CRC)are profoundly influenced by the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune system,underscoring the clinical importance of exploring the bidirectional regulatory mechanisms of the microbiota-immune axis within the CRC immune microenvironment.Emerging evidence indicates that the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiota play a vital role in modulating the host’s immune responses,while the immune system,in turn,can reciprocally regulate the structure and function of the microbiota.Despite significant insights into the role of the microbiota-immune axis in CRC progression,several critical questions remain unanswered-including how microbial heterogeneity affects therapeutic outcomes and the specific consequences of dysregulated regulatory mechanisms on the immune microenvironment.This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the compositional features of the CRC immune microenvironment,examine the bidirectional molecular mechanisms underpinning the microbiotaimmune axis,and evaluate the potential of targeted therapeutic strategies,thereby offering novel research perspectives and clinical applications for CRC treatment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175123)Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Innovation Research Group Project(Grant No.2025NSFTD0014)Independent Research Project of RVL(Grant No.2024RVL-T03).
文摘This study decouples the material microstructure into matrix and void phases.The undamaged constitutive is derived from the matrix phase,while the void phase contributes to damage evolution.A constitutive model is established by coupling the two.According to the void-phase evolution during damage,a damage sequence interaction model is proposed.Tests on new vehicles and vehicles in service materials yield stress-strain curves of materials without and with fatigue damage and measure the apparent elastic modulus.The damage sequence interaction model accurately predicts the residual mechanical properties of undamaged materials.A trolley collision test validates the constitutive model.Collision simulations at 25,36,and 48 km/h reveal that compared with undamaged models,the maximum vertical lift heights of moving vehicles with fatigue damage are 4.54%,3.74%,and 9.17%lower,respectively,and the maximum longitudinal compressions of stationary vehicles are 4.76%,14.53%,and 33.15%higher respectively.This research emphasizes the importance of considering fatigue damage in vehicle design and maintenance.The damage sequence interaction model has high engineering application value,applicable to vehicle safety checks and design,and provides a reference for improving relevant standards.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207309 and 22306087)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ40369 and 2023JJ40547)the Program for Education Department of Hunan Province,China(No.21B0405).
文摘The abiotic oxidation of divalentmanganese(Mn(Ⅱ))and the formation of Mn oxides are important geochemical processes,which control the mobility and availability of Mn as well as element cycling and pollutant behavior in soils.It was found that iron(oxyhydr)oxides can catalyze Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation,but the effects of the coexisting dissolved organic matter(DOM)molecules on the catalysis of different iron(oxyhydr)oxides for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation are poorly understood.Herein,we investigated Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation under the impacts of the interactions between iron(oxyhydr)oxides(i.e.,ferrihydrite,goethite and hematite)and DOM molecules.Simultaneously,we elucidated the variations of DOM composition and properties.Our results indicated that the catalysis of iron(oxyhydr)oxides for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation was significantly inhibited by DOM.Moreover,DOM had less inhibiting effect on the catalysis of ferrihydrite for Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation and the formation of Mn oxides(e.g.,hausmannite and buserite)relative to goethite and hematite,whichwas partially because of the higher electron transfer capacities of ferrihydrite.Meanwhile,DOM molecules with high nominal oxidation state of carbon(NOSC),molecular weight,unsaturation and aromaticity were selectively adsorbed and oxidized by Mn oxides,including the oxygenated phenols and polyphenols.The newly formed molecules mainly belonged to phenols depleted of oxygen and aliphatics.Furthermore,NOSC was a key molecular characteristic for controlling DOM composition during DOM adsorption and oxidation by Mn oxides when iron minerals were present.Overall,our research contributes to understanding Mn(Ⅱ)oxidation mechanisms under heterogeneous systems and behaviors of DOM molecules in the environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11925204).
文摘In this paper,we develop a fourth-order conservative wavelet-based shock-capturing scheme.The scheme is constructed by combining a wavelet collocation upwind method with the monotonic tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing(THINC)technique.We employ boundary variation diminishing(BVD)reconstruction to enhance the scheme’s effectiveness in handling shocks.First,we prove that wavelet collocation upwind schemes based on interpolating wavelets can be reformulated into a conservative form within the framework of wavelet theory,forming the foundation of the proposed scheme.The new fourthorder accurate scheme possesses significantly better spectral resolution than the fifth-and even seventh-order WENO-Z(weighted essentially non-oscillatory)schemes over the entire wave-number range.Moreover,the inherent low-pass filtering property of the wavelet bases allows them to filter high-frequency numerical oscillations,endowing the wavelet upwind scheme with robustness and accuracy in solving problems under extreme conditions.Notably,due to the wavelet multiresolution approximation,the proposed scheme possesses a distinctive shape-preserving property absent in the WENO-Z schemes and the fifth-order schemes with BVD reconstruction based on polynomials.Furthermore,compared to the fifth-order scheme with BVD reconstruction based on polynomials—which is significantly superior to the WENO schemes—the proposed scheme further enhances the ability to capture discontinuities.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12047503)Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.WIUCASQD2023009)。
文摘Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion.Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopolymers,swimming bacteria,artificial swimmers,and animal herds.In contrast to wet active matter,dry active matter is an active system characterized by the absence of significant hydrodynamic interactions and conserved momentum.In dry active matter,the role of surrounding fluids is providing viscous friction at low Reynolds numbers and can be neglected at high Reynolds numbers.This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent experimental,computational,and theoretical advances in understanding phase transitions and critical phenomena in dry aligning active matter,including polar particles,self-propelled rods,active nematics,and their chiral counterparts.Various ways of determining phase transition points as well as non-equilibrium phenomena,such as collective motion,cluster formation,and creation and annihilation of topological defects are reviewed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11964016)the HongLiu First-class Disciplines Development Program of Lanzhou University of Technology.The authors were grateful to the National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen.
