Multifunctional semiconductors play an important role in developing advanced photoelectric technologies.In this work,based on an octahedral replacement strategy in chalcogenides,a new selenide semiconductor NaMn_(3)Ga...Multifunctional semiconductors play an important role in developing advanced photoelectric technologies.In this work,based on an octahedral replacement strategy in chalcogenides,a new selenide semiconductor NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)was rationally designed,and synthesized by the flux method.The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric(NCS)P_(6)space group,and is composed of unique prismatic[NaSe_(6)],octahedral[MnSe_(6)]and tetrahedral[GaSe_(4)]motifs,inheriting the stable three-dimensional framework built by the octahedral and tetrahedral units in the A^(Ⅰ)Mg_(3)^(Ⅱ)C_(3)^(Ⅲ)Q_(8)^(Ⅵ)family.NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)shows the largest known secondary nonlinear optical(NLO)response of~2.1×AgGaS_(2)(AGS)in the A^(Ⅰ)Mg_(3)^(Ⅱ)C_(3)^(Ⅲ)Q_(8)^(Ⅵ)family,and a high laser-induced damage threshold of~3.0×AGS.Meanwhile,the introduction of Mn2t with unpaired 3d electrons induces a strong red emission band(685–805 nm)under the excitation source of 496 nm,as well as a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic(AFM)transition at 7.3 K.The results confirm that NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)possesses multifunctional features including significant NLO response,fluorescence emission and AFM properties,and illustrate that replacing octahedral units with approaching size and geometry(like[MgSe_(6)]and[MnSe_(6)])could be a feasible way to develop multifunctional chalcogenides.展开更多
An optimization design was conducted for the shape of the pressure vessel with a thin-shell shell. During this process, the optimization calculation was performed with the aid of the genetic algorithm toolbox included...An optimization design was conducted for the shape of the pressure vessel with a thin-shell shell. During this process, the optimization calculation was performed with the aid of the genetic algorithm toolbox included in Matlab. Firstly, through the parametric modeling function of APDL, models such as arc-shaped, parabolic, elliptical, and those generated by the fitting curve command were successfully constructed. Meanwhile, the relevant settings of material properties were accomplished, and the static analysis was conducted. Secondly, the optimization calculation process was initiated using the genetic algorithm toolbox in Matlab. Eventually, through analysis and judgment, the model generated by the fitting curve command was relatively superior within the category of the best shape.展开更多
This study aims to explore the influence of the laying angle on the pressure shell structure made of composite materials under the condition of a fixed shape. By using a composite material composed of a mixture of T80...This study aims to explore the influence of the laying angle on the pressure shell structure made of composite materials under the condition of a fixed shape. By using a composite material composed of a mixture of T800 carbon fiber and AG80 epoxy resin to design pressure vessels, this material combination can significantly improve the interlaminar shear strength and heat resistance. The article elaborates on the basic concepts and failure criteria of composite materials, such as the maximum stress criterion, the maximum strain criterion, the Tsai-Hill criterion, etc. With the help of the APDL parametric modeling language, the arc-shaped, parabolic, elliptical, and fitting curve-shaped pressure vessel models are accurately constructed, and the material property settings and mesh division are completed. Subsequently, APDL is used for static analysis, and the genetic algorithm toolbox built into Matlab is combined to carry out optimization calculations to determine the optimal laying angle. The research results show that the equivalent stress corresponding to the optimal laying angle of the arc-shaped pressure vessel is 5.3685e+08 Pa, the elliptical one is 5.1969e+08 Pa, the parabolic one is 5.8692e+08 Pa, and the fitting curve-shaped one is 5.36862e+08 Pa. Among them, the stress distribution of the fitting curve-shaped pressure vessel is relatively more uniform, with a deformation of 0.568E−03 m, a minimum equivalent stress value of 0.261E+09 Pa, a maximum equivalent stress value of 0.537E+09 Pa, and a ratio of 0.48, which conforms to the equivalent stress criterion. In addition, the fitting curve of this model can adapt to various models and has higher practical value. However, the stress distribution of the elliptical and parabolic pressure vessels is uneven, and their applicability is poor. In the future, further exploration can be conducted on the application of the fitting curve model in composite materials to optimize the design of pressure vessels. This study provides important theoretical support and practical guidance for the design of composite material pressure vessels.展开更多
Photodetectors equipped with multi-parameter control hold the potential to deliver exceptional performance in a wide range of scenarios,paving the way for developing novel spin-opto-electronic devices.Nevertheless,the...Photodetectors equipped with multi-parameter control hold the potential to deliver exceptional performance in a wide range of scenarios,paving the way for developing novel spin-opto-electronic devices.Nevertheless,the integration of such capabilities within a single device is challenging due to the necessity of harmonizing multiple materials with varying degrees of freedom.In this study,we introduce the van der Waals magnet CrSBr,featuring inherent anisotropy and distinctive spin-electronic coupling,to this realm.The linear dichroic ratio of the photocurrent in CrSBr tunneling device can reach~60 at 1.65 K,and the photoresponse experiences a significant boost with increasing magnetic field.Additionally,the unique spin-charge coupling engenders a photon energy-dependent photocurrent that is modulated by an external field and is validated by first-principle calculations.Our findings elucidate the effective multi-parameter control of photodetection based on vdWs magnet CrsBr,highlighting its potential applications in cutting-edge optoelectronic devices and as a highly sensitive probe medium.展开更多
Polarization‐resolved photosensor is crucial in imaging and communication technologies.Molybdenum trichloride(MoCl_(3)),as a typical two‐dimensional(2D)transition metal trihalide,features the largest distortion in t...Polarization‐resolved photosensor is crucial in imaging and communication technologies.Molybdenum trichloride(MoCl_(3)),as a typical two‐dimensional(2D)transition metal trihalide,features the largest distortion in the transition metal‐based honeycomb skeletons,giving rise to the intrinsic in‐plane anisot-ropy that is ideal for polarization‐resolved optoelectronic devices.Here,we report the synthesis of MoCl_(3)van der Waals crystals using a solid‐phase re-action method for the application of a polarization‐sensitive photodetector.The as‐synthesized MoCl_(3)demonstrates high single crystallinity,which is validated by collaborating with X‐ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and Raman characterizations.Additionally,the intrinsic lattice anisotropy of MoCl_(3)is illustrated by probing the orientation‐specific phonon vibration modes using polarized Raman and second‐harmonic generation spectra.By leveraging the extraordinary anisotropic characteristic,we fabricated MoCl_(3)photosensors for the detection of polarized optical signals,with a high linear dichroic ratio of 4.2 at 532 nm and fast photoresponse speed(<2 ms)from visible to near‐infrared bands.Moreover,the device demonstrates outstanding ambient stability,as revealed by its retained photoresponse behavior after being exposed to air for 6 months.Our results demonstrate the advantages of highly anisotropic crys-tals in hosting polarization‐sensitive photosensing functions,opening up new possibilities in developing innovative optoelectronic units.展开更多
Combining logical function and memory characteristics of transistors is an ideal strategy for enhancing computational efficiency of transistor devices.Here,we rationally design a tri-gate two-dimensional(2D)ferroelect...Combining logical function and memory characteristics of transistors is an ideal strategy for enhancing computational efficiency of transistor devices.Here,we rationally design a tri-gate two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectric van der Waals heterostructures device based on copper indium thiophosphate(CuInP_(2)S_(6))and few layers tungsten disulfide(WS_(2)),and demonstrate its multi-functional applications in multi-valued state of data,non-volatile storage,and logic operation.By co-regulating the input signals across the tri-gate,we show that the device can switch functions flexibly at a low supply voltage of 6 V,giving rise to an ultra-high current switching ratio of 107 and a low subthreshold swing of 53.9 mV/dec.These findings offer perspectives in designing smart 2D devices with excellent functions based on ferroelectric van der Waals heterostructures.展开更多
The fabrication of electrocatalysts with high activity and acid stability for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is an urgent need,yet extremely challenging.Here,we report the design and successful fabrication of a ...The fabrication of electrocatalysts with high activity and acid stability for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is an urgent need,yet extremely challenging.Here,we report the design and successful fabrication of a high performance self-supported cogwheel arrays-like nanoporous Ir_(x)Ru_(1−x)O_(2) catalyst with abundant atomic steps for acidic OER using a facile alloy-spinningelectrochemical activation method that allows large-scale fabrication.The obtained Ir_(x)Ru_(1−x)O_(2) catalysts merely need overpotentials of 211 and 295 mV to deliver catalytic current densities of 10 and 300 mA·cm^(−2) in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4),respectively,and can sustain constant OER electrolysis for at least 140 h at a high current density of 300 mA·cm^(−2).Further density functional theory(DFT)calculations uncover that such high intrinsic activities mainly originate from the largely exposed high-index atomic step planes,which markedly lower the limiting potential of the rate-determining step(RDS)of OER.These findings provide an insight into the exploration of high performance electrocatalysts,and open up an avenue for further developing the state-of-theart Ir and/or Ru-based catalysts for large-scale practical applications.展开更多
Growth of high-quality large-sized crystals using the traditional chemical vapor transport(CVT)or vertical Bridgman(VB)technique is costly and time-consuming,limiting its practical industrial application.Here,we propo...Growth of high-quality large-sized crystals using the traditional chemical vapor transport(CVT)or vertical Bridgman(VB)technique is costly and time-consuming,limiting its practical industrial application.Here,we propose an ultrafast crystal growth process with low energy consumption and capability of producing crystals of excellent quality,and demonstrate that large-sized GaSe crystals with a lateral size of 0.5 to 1 cm can be obtained within a short period of 5 min.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)studies clearly indicate that the as-grown crystals have a good crystallinity.To further show the potential application of the resulting GaSe crystals,we fabricate the few-layer GaSe-based photodetector,which exhibits low dark current of 21 pA and fast response of 34 ms under 405 nm illumination.Our proposed technique for rapid crystal growth could be further extended to other metallenes with low-melting point,such as Bi-,Sn-,In-,Pb-based crystals,opening up a new avenue in fulfilling diverse potential optoelectronics applications of two-dimensional(2D)crystals.展开更多
The world is facing an ever-growing global energy crisis with unprecedented depth and complexity.The sustainable development of high energy density lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and portable electric dev...The world is facing an ever-growing global energy crisis with unprecedented depth and complexity.The sustainable development of high energy density lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and portable electric devices has become a feasible way to deal with this problem.Silicon suboxides(SiO_(x))have been deemed as one of the most promising anode materials because of their ultrahigh theoretical lithium storage capacity,proper working potential,natural abundance,and environmental friendliness.However,the mass utilization of SiO_(x)-based anodes is severely obstructed by their low electrical conductivity and inevitable volume expansion.While lithium silicate and lithium oxide formed in the first lithiation process act as buffer layers to some extent,it is urgent to address the accompanying low initial Coulombic efficiency and unsatisfactory cycling stability.In this review,we summarized recent advances in the synthesis methods of SiO_(x)-based materials.Besides,the benefits and shortcomings of the various methods are briefly concluded.Then,we discussed the effective combination of SiO_(x) with carbon materials and designs of porous structure,which could considerably enhance the electrochemical performance in detail.Furthermore,progresses on the modified strategies,advanced characteristics and industrial applications for SiO_(x)-based anodes are also mentioned.Finally,the remaining challenges encountered and future perspectives on SiO_(x)-based anodes are highlighted.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density storage systems due to their superior energy density,cost-effectiveness,and environmental frie...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density storage systems due to their superior energy density,cost-effectiveness,and environmental friendliness.However,several critical challenges impede their practical application,including the shuttle effect,low conductivity,and volume expansion.Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),with its unique structure and properties,offers potential advantages in catalysis,polarization inhibition,electron conductivity,and sulfurization resistance,which may address these issues.This review concentrates on applying g-C_(3)N_(4) material to enhance Li-S battery performance.The research progress on g-C_(3)N_(4) in this context is explored from two primary perspectives:the modification of g-C_(3)N_(4) itself and its compounding with other materials.Regarding the modification of g-C_(3)N_(4),the focus is on defect engineering and the nanocrystallization of its structure.In terms of composites,the review examines the use of g-C_(3)N_(4) doped with metals,non-metals,graphene,porous carbon,and heterojunctions in electrodes and electrolytes.Ultimately,this review proposes strategies for the rational design of g-C_(3)N_(4) materials to optimize their application in Li-S batteries.Reviewing the current research progress and trends aims to provide new insights and directions for future research in the field.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01E30)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0880000)+1 种基金the Open Fund of the Anhui Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices(AHKL2024KF02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22475234,22335007,22193044 and 22361132544).
文摘Multifunctional semiconductors play an important role in developing advanced photoelectric technologies.In this work,based on an octahedral replacement strategy in chalcogenides,a new selenide semiconductor NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)was rationally designed,and synthesized by the flux method.The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric(NCS)P_(6)space group,and is composed of unique prismatic[NaSe_(6)],octahedral[MnSe_(6)]and tetrahedral[GaSe_(4)]motifs,inheriting the stable three-dimensional framework built by the octahedral and tetrahedral units in the A^(Ⅰ)Mg_(3)^(Ⅱ)C_(3)^(Ⅲ)Q_(8)^(Ⅵ)family.NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)shows the largest known secondary nonlinear optical(NLO)response of~2.1×AgGaS_(2)(AGS)in the A^(Ⅰ)Mg_(3)^(Ⅱ)C_(3)^(Ⅲ)Q_(8)^(Ⅵ)family,and a high laser-induced damage threshold of~3.0×AGS.Meanwhile,the introduction of Mn2t with unpaired 3d electrons induces a strong red emission band(685–805 nm)under the excitation source of 496 nm,as well as a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic(AFM)transition at 7.3 K.The results confirm that NaMn_(3)Ga_(3)Se_(8)possesses multifunctional features including significant NLO response,fluorescence emission and AFM properties,and illustrate that replacing octahedral units with approaching size and geometry(like[MgSe_(6)]and[MnSe_(6)])could be a feasible way to develop multifunctional chalcogenides.
文摘An optimization design was conducted for the shape of the pressure vessel with a thin-shell shell. During this process, the optimization calculation was performed with the aid of the genetic algorithm toolbox included in Matlab. Firstly, through the parametric modeling function of APDL, models such as arc-shaped, parabolic, elliptical, and those generated by the fitting curve command were successfully constructed. Meanwhile, the relevant settings of material properties were accomplished, and the static analysis was conducted. Secondly, the optimization calculation process was initiated using the genetic algorithm toolbox in Matlab. Eventually, through analysis and judgment, the model generated by the fitting curve command was relatively superior within the category of the best shape.
文摘This study aims to explore the influence of the laying angle on the pressure shell structure made of composite materials under the condition of a fixed shape. By using a composite material composed of a mixture of T800 carbon fiber and AG80 epoxy resin to design pressure vessels, this material combination can significantly improve the interlaminar shear strength and heat resistance. The article elaborates on the basic concepts and failure criteria of composite materials, such as the maximum stress criterion, the maximum strain criterion, the Tsai-Hill criterion, etc. With the help of the APDL parametric modeling language, the arc-shaped, parabolic, elliptical, and fitting curve-shaped pressure vessel models are accurately constructed, and the material property settings and mesh division are completed. Subsequently, APDL is used for static analysis, and the genetic algorithm toolbox built into Matlab is combined to carry out optimization calculations to determine the optimal laying angle. The research results show that the equivalent stress corresponding to the optimal laying angle of the arc-shaped pressure vessel is 5.3685e+08 Pa, the elliptical one is 5.1969e+08 Pa, the parabolic one is 5.8692e+08 Pa, and the fitting curve-shaped one is 5.36862e+08 Pa. Among them, the stress distribution of the fitting curve-shaped pressure vessel is relatively more uniform, with a deformation of 0.568E−03 m, a minimum equivalent stress value of 0.261E+09 Pa, a maximum equivalent stress value of 0.537E+09 Pa, and a ratio of 0.48, which conforms to the equivalent stress criterion. In addition, the fitting curve of this model can adapt to various models and has higher practical value. However, the stress distribution of the elliptical and parabolic pressure vessels is uneven, and their applicability is poor. In the future, further exploration can be conducted on the application of the fitting curve model in composite materials to optimize the design of pressure vessels. This study provides important theoretical support and practical guidance for the design of composite material pressure vessels.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2022YFA1203902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.12425402 and no.12250007)+1 种基金Bejing Natural Science Foundation(no.JQ21018)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0003 and 2023M740122).
文摘Photodetectors equipped with multi-parameter control hold the potential to deliver exceptional performance in a wide range of scenarios,paving the way for developing novel spin-opto-electronic devices.Nevertheless,the integration of such capabilities within a single device is challenging due to the necessity of harmonizing multiple materials with varying degrees of freedom.In this study,we introduce the van der Waals magnet CrSBr,featuring inherent anisotropy and distinctive spin-electronic coupling,to this realm.The linear dichroic ratio of the photocurrent in CrSBr tunneling device can reach~60 at 1.65 K,and the photoresponse experiences a significant boost with increasing magnetic field.Additionally,the unique spin-charge coupling engenders a photon energy-dependent photocurrent that is modulated by an external field and is validated by first-principle calculations.Our findings elucidate the effective multi-parameter control of photodetection based on vdWs magnet CrsBr,highlighting its potential applications in cutting-edge optoelectronic devices and as a highly sensitive probe medium.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2024YFA1410700Funding by Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,Grant/Award Number:2025A04J4771+3 种基金the Scientific Research Innovation Project of Graduate School of South China Normal UniversityNational Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:62374038,62204051Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,Grant/Award Number:22ZR1405700Shanghai Rising‐Star Program,Grant/Award Number:22QA1401000。
文摘Polarization‐resolved photosensor is crucial in imaging and communication technologies.Molybdenum trichloride(MoCl_(3)),as a typical two‐dimensional(2D)transition metal trihalide,features the largest distortion in the transition metal‐based honeycomb skeletons,giving rise to the intrinsic in‐plane anisot-ropy that is ideal for polarization‐resolved optoelectronic devices.Here,we report the synthesis of MoCl_(3)van der Waals crystals using a solid‐phase re-action method for the application of a polarization‐sensitive photodetector.The as‐synthesized MoCl_(3)demonstrates high single crystallinity,which is validated by collaborating with X‐ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and Raman characterizations.Additionally,the intrinsic lattice anisotropy of MoCl_(3)is illustrated by probing the orientation‐specific phonon vibration modes using polarized Raman and second‐harmonic generation spectra.By leveraging the extraordinary anisotropic characteristic,we fabricated MoCl_(3)photosensors for the detection of polarized optical signals,with a high linear dichroic ratio of 4.2 at 532 nm and fast photoresponse speed(<2 ms)from visible to near‐infrared bands.Moreover,the device demonstrates outstanding ambient stability,as revealed by its retained photoresponse behavior after being exposed to air for 6 months.Our results demonstrate the advantages of highly anisotropic crys-tals in hosting polarization‐sensitive photosensing functions,opening up new possibilities in developing innovative optoelectronic units.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62104073)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M691088)+1 种基金the Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program(No.2019ZT08X639)Z.C.W.acknowledges the European Research Executive Agency(Project 101079184-FUNLAYERS).
文摘Combining logical function and memory characteristics of transistors is an ideal strategy for enhancing computational efficiency of transistor devices.Here,we rationally design a tri-gate two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectric van der Waals heterostructures device based on copper indium thiophosphate(CuInP_(2)S_(6))and few layers tungsten disulfide(WS_(2)),and demonstrate its multi-functional applications in multi-valued state of data,non-volatile storage,and logic operation.By co-regulating the input signals across the tri-gate,we show that the device can switch functions flexibly at a low supply voltage of 6 V,giving rise to an ultra-high current switching ratio of 107 and a low subthreshold swing of 53.9 mV/dec.These findings offer perspectives in designing smart 2D devices with excellent functions based on ferroelectric van der Waals heterostructures.
基金supported by the S&T Partnership and International S&T Cooperation Program of Shanghai Cooperation Organization(No.2020E01040)the High-level Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2020000039)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFB0104400 and 2016YFB0100100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62104073,21825202,92045302,21972055,and 21733012)Newton Advanced Fellowships(No.NAF/R2/180603)B.L.acknowledges the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21573255).
文摘The fabrication of electrocatalysts with high activity and acid stability for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is an urgent need,yet extremely challenging.Here,we report the design and successful fabrication of a high performance self-supported cogwheel arrays-like nanoporous Ir_(x)Ru_(1−x)O_(2) catalyst with abundant atomic steps for acidic OER using a facile alloy-spinningelectrochemical activation method that allows large-scale fabrication.The obtained Ir_(x)Ru_(1−x)O_(2) catalysts merely need overpotentials of 211 and 295 mV to deliver catalytic current densities of 10 and 300 mA·cm^(−2) in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4),respectively,and can sustain constant OER electrolysis for at least 140 h at a high current density of 300 mA·cm^(−2).Further density functional theory(DFT)calculations uncover that such high intrinsic activities mainly originate from the largely exposed high-index atomic step planes,which markedly lower the limiting potential of the rate-determining step(RDS)of OER.These findings provide an insight into the exploration of high performance electrocatalysts,and open up an avenue for further developing the state-of-theart Ir and/or Ru-based catalysts for large-scale practical applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62104073,51402219,11904412,and 6210031084)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M691088)+2 种基金Y.S.acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51602200 and 61874074)the(Key)Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(No.2016KZDXM008)This project was supported by Shenzhen Peacock Plan(No.KQTD2016053112042971).
文摘Growth of high-quality large-sized crystals using the traditional chemical vapor transport(CVT)or vertical Bridgman(VB)technique is costly and time-consuming,limiting its practical industrial application.Here,we propose an ultrafast crystal growth process with low energy consumption and capability of producing crystals of excellent quality,and demonstrate that large-sized GaSe crystals with a lateral size of 0.5 to 1 cm can be obtained within a short period of 5 min.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)studies clearly indicate that the as-grown crystals have a good crystallinity.To further show the potential application of the resulting GaSe crystals,we fabricate the few-layer GaSe-based photodetector,which exhibits low dark current of 21 pA and fast response of 34 ms under 405 nm illumination.Our proposed technique for rapid crystal growth could be further extended to other metallenes with low-melting point,such as Bi-,Sn-,In-,Pb-based crystals,opening up a new avenue in fulfilling diverse potential optoelectronics applications of two-dimensional(2D)crystals.
基金This work was supported partially by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFC3900905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52234001,62104703,and 52074119)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province(No.2018TP1017)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.22A0045)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC1003)the Changsha Science and Technology Foundation(No.kq2208162)Joint Funds of Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Post-graduate(No.CX20220512).
文摘The world is facing an ever-growing global energy crisis with unprecedented depth and complexity.The sustainable development of high energy density lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and portable electric devices has become a feasible way to deal with this problem.Silicon suboxides(SiO_(x))have been deemed as one of the most promising anode materials because of their ultrahigh theoretical lithium storage capacity,proper working potential,natural abundance,and environmental friendliness.However,the mass utilization of SiO_(x)-based anodes is severely obstructed by their low electrical conductivity and inevitable volume expansion.While lithium silicate and lithium oxide formed in the first lithiation process act as buffer layers to some extent,it is urgent to address the accompanying low initial Coulombic efficiency and unsatisfactory cycling stability.In this review,we summarized recent advances in the synthesis methods of SiO_(x)-based materials.Besides,the benefits and shortcomings of the various methods are briefly concluded.Then,we discussed the effective combination of SiO_(x) with carbon materials and designs of porous structure,which could considerably enhance the electrochemical performance in detail.Furthermore,progresses on the modified strategies,advanced characteristics and industrial applications for SiO_(x)-based anodes are also mentioned.Finally,the remaining challenges encountered and future perspectives on SiO_(x)-based anodes are highlighted.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271211),Chinascience and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3185),ChinaHORIZON-Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions-2021-PF(No.101065098),European Union.
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density storage systems due to their superior energy density,cost-effectiveness,and environmental friendliness.However,several critical challenges impede their practical application,including the shuttle effect,low conductivity,and volume expansion.Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),with its unique structure and properties,offers potential advantages in catalysis,polarization inhibition,electron conductivity,and sulfurization resistance,which may address these issues.This review concentrates on applying g-C_(3)N_(4) material to enhance Li-S battery performance.The research progress on g-C_(3)N_(4) in this context is explored from two primary perspectives:the modification of g-C_(3)N_(4) itself and its compounding with other materials.Regarding the modification of g-C_(3)N_(4),the focus is on defect engineering and the nanocrystallization of its structure.In terms of composites,the review examines the use of g-C_(3)N_(4) doped with metals,non-metals,graphene,porous carbon,and heterojunctions in electrodes and electrolytes.Ultimately,this review proposes strategies for the rational design of g-C_(3)N_(4) materials to optimize their application in Li-S batteries.Reviewing the current research progress and trends aims to provide new insights and directions for future research in the field.
