Decreased functional β-cell mass is the hallmark of diabetes, but the cause of this metabolic defect remains elusive. Here, we show that the levels of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10(GRB10), a negative re...Decreased functional β-cell mass is the hallmark of diabetes, but the cause of this metabolic defect remains elusive. Here, we show that the levels of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10(GRB10), a negative regulator of insulin and m TORC1 signaling, are markedly induced in islets of diabetic mice and high glucose-treated insulinoma cell line INS-1 cells. β-cell-specific knockout of Grb10 in mice increased β-cell mass and improved β-cell function. Grb10-deficient β-cells exhibit enhanced m TORC1 signaling and reduced β-cell dedifferentiation, which could be blocked by rapamycin. On the contrary, Grb10 overexpression induced β-cell dedifferentiation in MIN6 cells. Our study identifies GRB10 as a critical regulator of β-cell dedifferentiation and β-cell mass, which exerts its effect by inhibiting m TORC1 signaling.展开更多
Circular polarizers based on the metasurface suffer from a trade-off between the structural complexity and thepolarization extinction ratio (ER). Herein, we present a single-layer chiral metasurface with strong circul...Circular polarizers based on the metasurface suffer from a trade-off between the structural complexity and thepolarization extinction ratio (ER). Herein, we present a single-layer chiral metasurface with strong circular dichroism. Thestructure turns a circularly polarized incident beam into a linearly polarized beam, achieving a high circular polarization ER. Theoperating wavelength of the proposed metasurface is tunable by changing the geometric parameters. The metasurface's localizedsurface plasmon resonances between structures ensure strong chiral optical effects. We further experimentally demonstrate thecircular dichroism of the fabricated metasurface.展开更多
Advances in direct laser writing to attain super-resolution are required to improve fabrication performance and develop potential applications for nanophotonics.In this study,a novel technique using single-color perip...Advances in direct laser writing to attain super-resolution are required to improve fabrication performance and develop potential applications for nanophotonics.In this study,a novel technique using single-color peripheral photoinhibition lithography was developed to improve the resolution of direct laser writing while preventing the chromatic aberration characteristics of conventional multicolor photoinhibition lithography,thus offering a robust tool for fabricating 2D and 3D nanophotonic structures.A minimal feature size of 36 nm and a resolution of 140 nm were achieved with a writing speed that was at least 10 times faster than existing photoinhibition lithography.Superresolution and fast scanning enable the fabrication of spin-decoupled metasurfaces in the visible range within a printing duration of a few minutes.Finally,a subwavelength photonic crystal with a near-ultraviolet structural color was fabricated to demonstrate the potential of 3D printing.This technique is a flexible and reliable tool for fabricating ultracompact optical devices.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91749118, 82070807, 81770775, 81730022)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (2021JJ30976)National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFA0801903, 2018YFC2000100)。
文摘Decreased functional β-cell mass is the hallmark of diabetes, but the cause of this metabolic defect remains elusive. Here, we show that the levels of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10(GRB10), a negative regulator of insulin and m TORC1 signaling, are markedly induced in islets of diabetic mice and high glucose-treated insulinoma cell line INS-1 cells. β-cell-specific knockout of Grb10 in mice increased β-cell mass and improved β-cell function. Grb10-deficient β-cells exhibit enhanced m TORC1 signaling and reduced β-cell dedifferentiation, which could be blocked by rapamycin. On the contrary, Grb10 overexpression induced β-cell dedifferentiation in MIN6 cells. Our study identifies GRB10 as a critical regulator of β-cell dedifferentiation and β-cell mass, which exerts its effect by inhibiting m TORC1 signaling.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3206000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022QZJH29)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92050115 and 42201336)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ21F050003)。
文摘Circular polarizers based on the metasurface suffer from a trade-off between the structural complexity and thepolarization extinction ratio (ER). Herein, we present a single-layer chiral metasurface with strong circular dichroism. Thestructure turns a circularly polarized incident beam into a linearly polarized beam, achieving a high circular polarization ER. Theoperating wavelength of the proposed metasurface is tunable by changing the geometric parameters. The metasurface's localizedsurface plasmon resonances between structures ensure strong chiral optical effects. We further experimentally demonstrate thecircular dichroism of the fabricated metasurface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62125504,61827825,and 22105180)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF0502700)+2 种基金Major Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD21F050002)Major Scientific Project of Zhejiang Lab(2020MC0AE01),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX2021272 and 2020M681956)Zhejiang Postdoctoral Science Fund for Excellent Project(511300-X82101).
文摘Advances in direct laser writing to attain super-resolution are required to improve fabrication performance and develop potential applications for nanophotonics.In this study,a novel technique using single-color peripheral photoinhibition lithography was developed to improve the resolution of direct laser writing while preventing the chromatic aberration characteristics of conventional multicolor photoinhibition lithography,thus offering a robust tool for fabricating 2D and 3D nanophotonic structures.A minimal feature size of 36 nm and a resolution of 140 nm were achieved with a writing speed that was at least 10 times faster than existing photoinhibition lithography.Superresolution and fast scanning enable the fabrication of spin-decoupled metasurfaces in the visible range within a printing duration of a few minutes.Finally,a subwavelength photonic crystal with a near-ultraviolet structural color was fabricated to demonstrate the potential of 3D printing.This technique is a flexible and reliable tool for fabricating ultracompact optical devices.
