Optogenetics is a newly-introduced technology in the life sciences and is gaining increasing attention.It refers to the combination of optical technologies and genetic methods to control the activity of specific cell ...Optogenetics is a newly-introduced technology in the life sciences and is gaining increasing attention.It refers to the combination of optical technologies and genetic methods to control the activity of specific cell groups in living tissue,during which high-resolution spatial and temporal manipulation of cells is achieved.Optogenetics has been applied to numerous regions,including cerebral cortex,hippocampus,ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,striatum,spinal cord,and retina,and has revealed new directions of research in neuroscience and the treatment of related diseases.Since optogenetic tools are controllable at high spatial and temporal resolution,we discuss its applications in these regions in detail and the recent understanding of higher brain functions,such as reward-seeking,learning and memory,and sleep.Further,the possibilities of improved utility of this newly-emerging technology are discussed.We intend to provide a paradigm of the latest advances in neuroscience using optogenetics.展开更多
Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has spread rapidly since its onset in 2019[1].The pandemic is being effectively controlled in China,with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)playing a significant role[2,3].The World Health O...Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has spread rapidly since its onset in 2019[1].The pandemic is being effectively controlled in China,with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)playing a significant role[2,3].The World Health Organization(WHO)issued the“WHO Expert Meeting on Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of COVID-19”on March 31,2022,which determined the clinical efficacy and safety of TCM for COVID-19.The WHO declared an end to the COVID-19 global health emergency on May 5,2023,though it remained a global health threat.More than 7.7 billion people are infected with COVID-19 globally,with more than 230,000 new cases and 27,000 new hospitalized patients,causing over 3,300 deaths globally during the period July 1-28,2024[4].Thus,COVID-19 remains a threat due to constant viral variations,and new outbreaks may occur at any time.展开更多
This study aims to develop a trip energy consumption(TEC)estimation model for the electric bus(EB)fleet planning,operation,and life-cycle assessment.Leveraging the vast variations of temperature in Jilin Province,Chin...This study aims to develop a trip energy consumption(TEC)estimation model for the electric bus(EB)fleet planning,operation,and life-cycle assessment.Leveraging the vast variations of temperature in Jilin Province,China,real-world data of 31 EBs operating in 14 months were collected with temperatures fluctuating from27.0 to 35.0℃.TEC of an EB was divided into two parts,which are the energy required by the traction and battery thermal management system,and the energy required by the air conditioner(AC)system operation,respectively.The former was regressed by a logarithmic linear model with ambient temperature,curb weight,travel distance,and trip travel time as contributing factors.The optimum working temperature and regression parameters were obtained by combining Fibonacci and Weighted Least Square.The latter was estimated by the operation time of the AC system in cooling mode or heating mode.Model evaluation and sensitivity analysis were conducted.The results show that:(i)the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of the proposed model is 12.108%;(ii)the estimation accuracy of the model has a probability of 99.7814% meeting the requirements of EB fleet scheduling;(iii)the MAPE has a 1.746% reduction if considering passengers’boarding and alighting.展开更多
The advent of drones is leading to a paradigm shift in courier services,while their large-scale deployment is confined by a limited range.Here,we design a low-cost product that allows drones to drop parcels onto and p...The advent of drones is leading to a paradigm shift in courier services,while their large-scale deployment is confined by a limited range.Here,we design a low-cost product that allows drones to drop parcels onto and pick them up from the roofs of moving passenger vehicles.With this,we propose a ground-air cooperation(GAC)based business model for parcel delivery in an urban environment.As per our case study using real-world data in Beijing,the new business model will not only shorten the parcel delivery time by 86.5% with a comparable cost,but also reduce road traffic by 8.6%,leading to an annual social benefit of 6.67 billion USD for Beijing.The proposed model utilizes the currently“wasted or unused”rooftops of passenger vehicles and has the potential to replace most parcel trucks and trailers,thus fundamentally addressing the congestion,noise,pollution,and road wear and tear problems caused by trucks,and bringing in immense social benefit.展开更多
1.Introduction As one of the priorities for government subsidies and financial incentives,the global stock of electric buses(EBs)has exceeded 670,000 units by the end of 2021(IEA,2022).Despite recent achievements in p...1.Introduction As one of the priorities for government subsidies and financial incentives,the global stock of electric buses(EBs)has exceeded 670,000 units by the end of 2021(IEA,2022).Despite recent achievements in procuring EBs,it still represents less than 4%of the global fleet size.The large-scale implementation of this grid-dependent technology confronts two key challenges:(1)limited range combined with long charging time and(2)insufficient charging infrastructure(Perumal et al.,2021).These impediments are now being tackled by(1)high energy density and(2)the opportunity for fast charging.We are optimistic about battery technology,but the current experiments are still a long way from becoming commercially viable.Besides,the authors argue that the utilization of the pricey charging station/lane will be unexpectedly low.With two terminal chargers available for energy replenishment,the authors approximated the daily charging requirement for sixteen EBs on the fully electrified bus Line 16 in Gothenburg,Sweden.The result in Fig.1(a)indicates that the average daily occupancy was 10.3%,with Terminals 1 and 2 seeing 10%and 10.76%,respectively.We expect utilization to grow as the market and investor expectations mature.The amount of enhanced usage through shared charging stations will,however,be considerably constrained due to the particular position and access time of bus terminals.展开更多
Purpose–The purpose of this study is to develop an optimization method for charging plans with the implementation of time-of-day(TOD)electricity tariff,to reduce electricity bill.Design/methodology/approach–Two opti...Purpose–The purpose of this study is to develop an optimization method for charging plans with the implementation of time-of-day(TOD)electricity tariff,to reduce electricity bill.Design/methodology/approach–Two optimization models for charging plans respectively with fixed and stochastic trip travel times are developed,to minimize the electricity costs of daily operation of an electric bus.The charging time is taken as the optimization variable.The TOD electricity tariff is considered,and the energy consumption model is developed based on real operation data.An optimal charging plan provides charging times at bus idle times in operation hours during the whole day(charging time is 0 if the bus is not get charged at idle time)which ensure the regular operation of every trip served by this bus.Findings–The electricity costs of the bus route can be reduced by applying the optimal charging plans.Originality/value–This paper produces a viable option for transit agencies to reduce their operation costs.展开更多
Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to optimize the design of charging station deployed at the terminal station for electric transit,with explicit consideration of heterogenous charging modes.Design/methodology/appr...Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to optimize the design of charging station deployed at the terminal station for electric transit,with explicit consideration of heterogenous charging modes.Design/methodology/approach–The authors proposed a bi-level model to optimize the decision-making at both tactical and operational levels simultaneously.Specifically,at the operational level(i.e.lower level),the service schedule and recharging plan of electric buses are optimized under specific design of charging station.The objective of lower-level model is to minimize total daily operational cost.This model is solved by a tailored column generation-based heuristic algorithm.At the tactical level(i.e.upper level),the design of charging station is optimized based upon the results obtained at the lower level.A tabu search algorithm is proposed subsequently to solve the upper-level model.Findings–This study conducted numerical cases to validate the applicability of the proposed model.Some managerial insights stemmed from numerical case studies are revealed and discussed,which can help transit agencies design charging station scientifically.Originality/value–The joint consideration of heterogeneous charging modes in charging station would further lower the operational cost of electric transit and speed up the market penetration of battery electric buses.展开更多
Objective:To construct the knowledge graph of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing,analyze basic knowledge of materia medica,explore implicit knowledge,and conduct visualization display,as well as provide methodological references ...Objective:To construct the knowledge graph of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing,analyze basic knowledge of materia medica,explore implicit knowledge,and conduct visualization display,as well as provide methodological references for the study of ancient traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)books.Background:The research and utilization of ancient TCM books are relatively limited at present.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,knowledge graph-related technology has brought light to this field.Methods:The types of knowledge entities and relationships between entities in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing were analyzed.A training corpus data set was produced by using the begin-inside-outside sequence labeling method,a self-developed Chinese natural language processing text labeling system was used for text labeling,the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers model was used to recognize named entities,the relationships between entities were set based on rules and semantic associations,the data into the Neo4j-community 4.4.9 graph database was imported by using Cypher language for storage and visualization display after knowledge fusion,and finally,a knowledge graph was constructed.Results:The knowledge graph of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing included 5273 nodes and 11,064 relationships.The schema layer contained 14 entity types and 15 relationship types.Through the query,knowledge can be visualized from the aspects of classification,property,and 7 mutual relationships of herbal combinations.Conclusion:The knowledge graph constructed in this study directly reflects the knowledge recorded in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing and the relationship between them,which is suitable for knowledge mining and intuitive multidimensional display of ancient TCM books.展开更多
The widespread use of energy storage systems in electric bus transit centers presents new opportunities and challenges for bus charging and transit center energy management.A unified optimization model is proposed to ...The widespread use of energy storage systems in electric bus transit centers presents new opportunities and challenges for bus charging and transit center energy management.A unified optimization model is proposed to jointly optimize the bus charging plan and energy storage system power profile.The model optimizes overall costs by considering battery aging,time-of-use tariffs,and capacity service charges.The model is linearized by a series of relaxations of the nonlinear constraints.This means that we can obtain the exact solution of the model quickly with a commercial solver that is fully adapted to the time scale of day-ahead scheduling.The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can optimize the bus charging time,charging power,and power profile of energy storage systems in seconds.Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the proposed method significantly reduces the cost and has sufficient robustness to uncertain fluctuations in photovoltaics and office loads.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB503700)
文摘Optogenetics is a newly-introduced technology in the life sciences and is gaining increasing attention.It refers to the combination of optical technologies and genetic methods to control the activity of specific cell groups in living tissue,during which high-resolution spatial and temporal manipulation of cells is achieved.Optogenetics has been applied to numerous regions,including cerebral cortex,hippocampus,ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,striatum,spinal cord,and retina,and has revealed new directions of research in neuroscience and the treatment of related diseases.Since optogenetic tools are controllable at high spatial and temporal resolution,we discuss its applications in these regions in detail and the recent understanding of higher brain functions,such as reward-seeking,learning and memory,and sleep.Further,the possibilities of improved utility of this newly-emerging technology are discussed.We intend to provide a paradigm of the latest advances in neuroscience using optogenetics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82105055,82305440)Basic Research Funds of Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-074,ZZ160308)CACMS Innovation Fund(2023007,CI2021B003,CI2021A00704,CI2021A00507).
文摘Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has spread rapidly since its onset in 2019[1].The pandemic is being effectively controlled in China,with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)playing a significant role[2,3].The World Health Organization(WHO)issued the“WHO Expert Meeting on Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of COVID-19”on March 31,2022,which determined the clinical efficacy and safety of TCM for COVID-19.The WHO declared an end to the COVID-19 global health emergency on May 5,2023,though it remained a global health threat.More than 7.7 billion people are infected with COVID-19 globally,with more than 230,000 new cases and 27,000 new hospitalized patients,causing over 3,300 deaths globally during the period July 1-28,2024[4].Thus,COVID-19 remains a threat due to constant viral variations,and new outbreaks may occur at any time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52131203)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2019M661214&2020T130240)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2020-JCXK-40).
文摘This study aims to develop a trip energy consumption(TEC)estimation model for the electric bus(EB)fleet planning,operation,and life-cycle assessment.Leveraging the vast variations of temperature in Jilin Province,China,real-world data of 31 EBs operating in 14 months were collected with temperatures fluctuating from27.0 to 35.0℃.TEC of an EB was divided into two parts,which are the energy required by the traction and battery thermal management system,and the energy required by the air conditioner(AC)system operation,respectively.The former was regressed by a logarithmic linear model with ambient temperature,curb weight,travel distance,and trip travel time as contributing factors.The optimum working temperature and regression parameters were obtained by combining Fibonacci and Weighted Least Square.The latter was estimated by the operation time of the AC system in cooling mode or heating mode.Model evaluation and sensitivity analysis were conducted.The results show that:(i)the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of the proposed model is 12.108%;(ii)the estimation accuracy of the model has a probability of 99.7814% meeting the requirements of EB fleet scheduling;(iii)the MAPE has a 1.746% reduction if considering passengers’boarding and alighting.
文摘The advent of drones is leading to a paradigm shift in courier services,while their large-scale deployment is confined by a limited range.Here,we design a low-cost product that allows drones to drop parcels onto and pick them up from the roofs of moving passenger vehicles.With this,we propose a ground-air cooperation(GAC)based business model for parcel delivery in an urban environment.As per our case study using real-world data in Beijing,the new business model will not only shorten the parcel delivery time by 86.5% with a comparable cost,but also reduce road traffic by 8.6%,leading to an annual social benefit of 6.67 billion USD for Beijing.The proposed model utilizes the currently“wasted or unused”rooftops of passenger vehicles and has the potential to replace most parcel trucks and trailers,thus fundamentally addressing the congestion,noise,pollution,and road wear and tear problems caused by trucks,and bringing in immense social benefit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.52221005 and 52220105001).
文摘1.Introduction As one of the priorities for government subsidies and financial incentives,the global stock of electric buses(EBs)has exceeded 670,000 units by the end of 2021(IEA,2022).Despite recent achievements in procuring EBs,it still represents less than 4%of the global fleet size.The large-scale implementation of this grid-dependent technology confronts two key challenges:(1)limited range combined with long charging time and(2)insufficient charging infrastructure(Perumal et al.,2021).These impediments are now being tackled by(1)high energy density and(2)the opportunity for fast charging.We are optimistic about battery technology,but the current experiments are still a long way from becoming commercially viable.Besides,the authors argue that the utilization of the pricey charging station/lane will be unexpectedly low.With two terminal chargers available for energy replenishment,the authors approximated the daily charging requirement for sixteen EBs on the fully electrified bus Line 16 in Gothenburg,Sweden.The result in Fig.1(a)indicates that the average daily occupancy was 10.3%,with Terminals 1 and 2 seeing 10%and 10.76%,respectively.We expect utilization to grow as the market and investor expectations mature.The amount of enhanced usage through shared charging stations will,however,be considerably constrained due to the particular position and access time of bus terminals.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71771062)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(NO.2019M661214&2020T130240)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020-JCXK-40).
文摘Purpose–The purpose of this study is to develop an optimization method for charging plans with the implementation of time-of-day(TOD)electricity tariff,to reduce electricity bill.Design/methodology/approach–Two optimization models for charging plans respectively with fixed and stochastic trip travel times are developed,to minimize the electricity costs of daily operation of an electric bus.The charging time is taken as the optimization variable.The TOD electricity tariff is considered,and the energy consumption model is developed based on real operation data.An optimal charging plan provides charging times at bus idle times in operation hours during the whole day(charging time is 0 if the bus is not get charged at idle time)which ensure the regular operation of every trip served by this bus.Findings–The electricity costs of the bus route can be reduced by applying the optimal charging plans.Originality/value–This paper produces a viable option for transit agencies to reduce their operation costs.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72101115)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(No.BK20210316).
文摘Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to optimize the design of charging station deployed at the terminal station for electric transit,with explicit consideration of heterogenous charging modes.Design/methodology/approach–The authors proposed a bi-level model to optimize the decision-making at both tactical and operational levels simultaneously.Specifically,at the operational level(i.e.lower level),the service schedule and recharging plan of electric buses are optimized under specific design of charging station.The objective of lower-level model is to minimize total daily operational cost.This model is solved by a tailored column generation-based heuristic algorithm.At the tactical level(i.e.upper level),the design of charging station is optimized based upon the results obtained at the lower level.A tabu search algorithm is proposed subsequently to solve the upper-level model.Findings–This study conducted numerical cases to validate the applicability of the proposed model.Some managerial insights stemmed from numerical case studies are revealed and discussed,which can help transit agencies design charging station scientifically.Originality/value–The joint consideration of heterogeneous charging modes in charging station would further lower the operational cost of electric transit and speed up the market penetration of battery electric buses.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3502900)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A00409)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82305439).
文摘Objective:To construct the knowledge graph of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing,analyze basic knowledge of materia medica,explore implicit knowledge,and conduct visualization display,as well as provide methodological references for the study of ancient traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)books.Background:The research and utilization of ancient TCM books are relatively limited at present.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,knowledge graph-related technology has brought light to this field.Methods:The types of knowledge entities and relationships between entities in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing were analyzed.A training corpus data set was produced by using the begin-inside-outside sequence labeling method,a self-developed Chinese natural language processing text labeling system was used for text labeling,the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers model was used to recognize named entities,the relationships between entities were set based on rules and semantic associations,the data into the Neo4j-community 4.4.9 graph database was imported by using Cypher language for storage and visualization display after knowledge fusion,and finally,a knowledge graph was constructed.Results:The knowledge graph of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing included 5273 nodes and 11,064 relationships.The schema layer contained 14 entity types and 15 relationship types.Through the query,knowledge can be visualized from the aspects of classification,property,and 7 mutual relationships of herbal combinations.Conclusion:The knowledge graph constructed in this study directly reflects the knowledge recorded in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing and the relationship between them,which is suitable for knowledge mining and intuitive multidimensional display of ancient TCM books.
基金supported in part by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52220105001).
文摘The widespread use of energy storage systems in electric bus transit centers presents new opportunities and challenges for bus charging and transit center energy management.A unified optimization model is proposed to jointly optimize the bus charging plan and energy storage system power profile.The model optimizes overall costs by considering battery aging,time-of-use tariffs,and capacity service charges.The model is linearized by a series of relaxations of the nonlinear constraints.This means that we can obtain the exact solution of the model quickly with a commercial solver that is fully adapted to the time scale of day-ahead scheduling.The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can optimize the bus charging time,charging power,and power profile of energy storage systems in seconds.Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the proposed method significantly reduces the cost and has sufficient robustness to uncertain fluctuations in photovoltaics and office loads.
