To enhance the anti-corrosion performance of TC4 alloy across a wide temperature range for modern aircrafts operating in increasingly harsh environments, the (TiB+TiC) hybrid reinforced TC4 composites were prepared by...To enhance the anti-corrosion performance of TC4 alloy across a wide temperature range for modern aircrafts operating in increasingly harsh environments, the (TiB+TiC) hybrid reinforced TC4 composites were prepared by laser melting deposition (LMD) via the in-situ reaction between B_(4)C reinforcement and molten TC4 alloy. The effect of B_(4)C content (0, 0.5, 1.5, wt%) on the microstructure and room/high-temperature corrosion behaviour of the composites was investigated. Microstructural analysis revealed that the microstructure of the composites was significantly influenced by the B_(4)C content. The composite containing 0.5 wt% B_(4)C exhibited an optimal microstructure characterized by refined grains, equiaxed α-Ti transformed from lath-shaped α-Ti, well-distributed (TiB+TiC) phases with a proper amount and reduced pore/dislocation defects. This composite also demonstrated the best corrosion resistance at both room temperature (25 ℃) and high temperature (800 ℃), which was primarily attributed to its comprehensive advantages including a favorable microstructure, a uniform dispersion of thermally stable (TiB+TiC) phases and a stable passivation film.展开更多
In the era of big data,personalised recommendation systems are essential for enhancing user engagement and driving business growth.However,traditional recommendation algorithms,such as collaborative filtering,face sig...In the era of big data,personalised recommendation systems are essential for enhancing user engagement and driving business growth.However,traditional recommendation algorithms,such as collaborative filtering,face significant challenges due to data sparsity,algorithm scalability,and the difficulty of adapting to dynamic user preferences.These limitations hinder the ability of systems to provide highly accurate and personalised recommendations.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a clustering-based recommendation method that integrates an enhanced Grasshopper Optimisation Algorithm(GOA),termed LCGOA,to improve the accuracy and efficiency of recommendation systems by optimising cluster centroids in a dynamic environment.By combining the K-means algorithm with the enhanced GOA,which incorporates a Lévy flight mechanism and multi-strategy co-evolution,our method overcomes the centroid sensitivity issue,a key limitation in traditional clustering techniques.Experimental results across multiple datasets show that the proposed LCGOA-based method significantly outperforms conventional recommendation algorithms in terms of recommendation accuracy,offering more relevant content to users and driving greater customer satisfaction and business growth.展开更多
The problem of effluent total nitrogen(TN)at most of the wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in China is important for meeting the related water quality standards,even under the condition of high energy consumption.To a...The problem of effluent total nitrogen(TN)at most of the wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in China is important for meeting the related water quality standards,even under the condition of high energy consumption.To achieve better prediction and control of effluent TN concentration,an efficient prediction model,based on controllable operation parameters,was constructed in a sequencing batch reactor process.Compared with previous models,this model has two main characteristics:①Superficial gas velocity and anoxic time are controllable operation parameters and are selected as the main input parameters instead of dissolved oxygen to improve the model controllability,and②the model prediction accuracy is improved on the basis of a feedforward neural network(FFNN)with algorithm optimization.The results demonstrated that the FFNN model was efficiently optimized by scaled conjugate gradient,and the performance was excellent compared with other models in terms of the correlation coefficient(R).The optimized FFNN model could provide an accurate prediction of effluent TN based on influent water parameters and key control parameters.This study revealed the possible application of the optimized FFNN model for the efficient removal of pollutants and lower energy consumption at most of the WWTPs.展开更多
The objective of this study is to investigate themethods for soil liquefaction discrimination. Typically, predicting soilliquefaction potential involves conducting the standard penetration test (SPT), which requires f...The objective of this study is to investigate themethods for soil liquefaction discrimination. Typically, predicting soilliquefaction potential involves conducting the standard penetration test (SPT), which requires field testing and canbe time-consuming and labor-intensive. In contrast, the cone penetration test (CPT) provides a more convenientmethod and offers detailed and continuous information about soil layers. In this study, the feature matrix based onCPT data is proposed to predict the standard penetration test blow count N. The featurematrix comprises the CPTcharacteristic parameters at specific depths, such as tip resistance qc, sleeve resistance f s, and depth H. To fuse thefeatures on the matrix, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed for feature extraction. Additionally,Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to obtain the best combination of convolutional kernels and the number ofneurons. The study evaluated the robustness of the proposed model using multiple engineering field data sets.Results demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed conventional methods in predicting N values forvarious soil categories, including sandy silt, silty sand, and clayey silt. Finally, the proposed model was employedfor liquefaction discrimination. The liquefaction discrimination based on the predicted N values was comparedwith the measured N values, and the results showed that the discrimination results were in 75% agreement. Thestudy has important practical application value for foundation liquefaction engineering. Also, the novel methodadopted in this research provides new ideas and methods for research in related fields, which is of great academicsignificance.展开更多
Today’s explosion of data urgently requires memory technologies capable of storing large volumes of data in shorter time frames,a feat unattain-able with Flash or DRAM.Intel Optane,commonly referred to as three-dimen...Today’s explosion of data urgently requires memory technologies capable of storing large volumes of data in shorter time frames,a feat unattain-able with Flash or DRAM.Intel Optane,commonly referred to as three-dimensional phase change memory,stands out as one of the most promising candidates.The Optane with cross-point architecture is constructed through layering a storage element and a selector known as the ovonic threshold switch(OTS).The OTS device,which employs chalcogenide film,has thereby gathered increased attention in recent years.In this paper,we begin by providing a brief introduction to the discovery process of the OTS phenomenon.Subsequently,we summarize the key elec-trical parameters of OTS devices and delve into recent explorations of OTS materials,which are categorized as Se-based,Te-based,and S-based material systems.Furthermore,we discuss various models for the OTS switching mechanism,including field-induced nucleation model,as well as several carrier injection models.Additionally,we review the progress and innovations in OTS mechanism research.Finally,we highlight the successful application of OTS devices in three-dimensional high-density memory and offer insights into their promising performance and extensive prospects in emerging applications,such as self-selecting memory and neuromorphic computing.展开更多
The ability to control nonclassical light emission from a single quantum emitter by an integrated cavity may unleash new perspectives for integrated photonic quantum applications.However,coupling a single quantum emit...The ability to control nonclassical light emission from a single quantum emitter by an integrated cavity may unleash new perspectives for integrated photonic quantum applications.However,coupling a single quantum emitter to cavity within photonic circuitry towards creation of the Purcell-enhanced single-photon emission is elusive due to the complexity of integrating active devices in low-loss photonic circuits.Here we demonstrate a hybrid micro-ring resonator(HMRR)coupled with self-assembled quantum dots(QDs)for cavity-enhanced deterministic single-photon emission.The HMRR cavity supports whispering-gallery modes with quality factors up to 7.8×103.By further introducing a micro-heater,we show that the photon emission of QDs can be locally and dynamically tuned over one free spectral ranges of the HMRR(~4 nm).This allows precise tuning of individual QDs in resonance with the cavity modes,thereby enhancing single-photon emission with a Purcell factor of about 4.9.Our results on the hybrid integrated cavities coupled with two-level quantum emitters emerge as promising devices for chip-based scalable photonic quantum applications.展开更多
Terahertz(THz)detectors using MEMS resonators have attracted great interests owing to their high sensitivity,rapid response,and room-temperature operation capability.For easy integration with CMOS circuits,silicon(Si)...Terahertz(THz)detectors using MEMS resonators have attracted great interests owing to their high sensitivity,rapid response,and room-temperature operation capability.For easy integration with CMOS circuits,silicon(Si)based MEMS detectors are highly desirable.Here we report an uncooled THz bolometer using doubly-clamped Si on insulator(SOI)MEMS beam resonator with piezoresistive readout.When external heat is applied to the MEMS beam,the resonance frequency shifts owing to the thermal strain in the beam,demonstrating a thermal responsivity up to 149W^(−1).SOI MEMS resonators exhibit a thermal response time of about 88μs,which is over 3 times faster than that of GaAs MEMS detectors.Furthermore,electrical readout of the MEMS vibrations is achieved by using the piezoresistive effect of Si,offering a low frequency noise density of 2.7 mHz/√Hz,and subsequently a noise equivalent power(NEP)of about 36 pW/√Hz for the current devices.Optical measurement using a FTIR spectrometer shows that SOI MEMS bolometers has a broadband THz response across 1-10 THz range.These results demonstrate that SOI MEMS bolometer features fast response and high sensitivity,while also being compact,broadband,and CMOS-compatible,highlighting its strong potential for advanced THz spectroscopy and imaging applications.展开更多
Natural products are effective in the treatment and the prevention of human,animal and plant diseases.Therefore,natural products may also be considered to treat fish diseases.Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma(ATR)is a herbal ...Natural products are effective in the treatment and the prevention of human,animal and plant diseases.Therefore,natural products may also be considered to treat fish diseases.Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma(ATR)is a herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.However,little is known about how its active ingredients exert the beneficial effects.Here,Four effective active ingredients of ATR and their 81 targets were investigated,which affected the anti-inflammatory response.Among them,kaempferol-JUN was identified as a key regulatory module in anti-inflammatory immune responses,and kaempferol interacted with the CiJUN protein and inhibited CiJUN levels.Silencing CiJUN gene in Ctenopharyn-godon idella kidney(CIK)cells enhanced anti-inflammatory activity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila,whereas anti-inflammatory activity and resistance were impaired after CiJUN overexpression.The mortality rate of diseased grass carp was reduced after treatment with kaempferol,as were the inflammatory and oxidant effects.Also,grass carp showed enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects after feeding with kaempferol.The results provide further insights into the use of kaempferol to prevent and treat fish diseases.展开更多
The rapid advancement of wireless communication and the increasing demand for electromagnetic stealth have intensified the need for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.This work introduces an inn...The rapid advancement of wireless communication and the increasing demand for electromagnetic stealth have intensified the need for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.This work introduces an innovative bio-inspired strategy for synthesizing silicon carbide nanostructures anchored on biomass-derived carbon from fig skin via a high-temperature vapor–solid deposition method.By precisely modulating the silicon-to-carbon ratio,we developed various silicon carbide morphologies—including spherical,coral-like,and linear architectures—of which the coral-like configuration(silicon-carbide-3(SC-3))exhibited remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities.Specifically,SC-3 achieved a minimum reflection loss of-51.27 dB at 14.1 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.64 GHz.The enhanced absorption is attributed to the synergistic effects of interface polarization,dipole polarization,and multiple internal reflections fostered by the unique porous structure.These findings underscore the versatility of biomass-derived carbon in tailoring advanced nanostructures and pave the way for developing next-generation electromagnetic absorbers with optimized impedance matching and broadband capabilities.展开更多
Recently,dimensionless figure of merit(ZT)beyond 1.0 has been demonstrated in diamondoid Cu_(2)SnSe_(3),positioning it as a low-cost and ecofriendly thermoelectric alternative,and sparking intense interest in further ...Recently,dimensionless figure of merit(ZT)beyond 1.0 has been demonstrated in diamondoid Cu_(2)SnSe_(3),positioning it as a low-cost and ecofriendly thermoelectric alternative,and sparking intense interest in further optimizing its thermoelectric properties.However,its intrinsic monoclinic structure and the compact packing of tetrahedral coordination lead to a light valence band and high thermal conductivity,which impede further performance improvement in Cu_(2)SnSe_(3).Thus,developing effective approaches to altering the local structure of Cu_(2)SnSe_(3)is important for further optimizing its thermoelectric performance.Herein,we identified and thoroughly investigated the atomic off-centering behavior in Cu_(2)SnSe_(3),and demonstrated the electronic and phonon transport properties of Cu_(2)SnSe_(3)can be significantly enhanced by carefully modifying its monoclinic lattice into a distorted zinc-blende cubic structure via introducing Cd and off-centering Ag elements.This structure transition leads to band convergence and a reduction in the deformation potential of the material,resulting in a 7-fold enhancement in the density-of-state effective mass and an 85%increase in carrier mobility.Additionally,the off-centering effect results in strong acoustic-optical phonon scattering and an ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.3 W m^(-1)K^(-1).Consequently,a maximum ZT of 1.3 was obtained at 800 K for the Cu_(1.85)Ag_(0.15)Sn_(0.9)Cd_(0.1)Se_(3).展开更多
The use of porous skeletons for encapsulating phase change materials(PCMs)is an effective approach to addressing issues such as leakage,low thermal conductivity,and poor photothermal conversion efficiency.Inspired by ...The use of porous skeletons for encapsulating phase change materials(PCMs)is an effective approach to addressing issues such as leakage,low thermal conductivity,and poor photothermal conversion efficiency.Inspired by the hollow skeletal structure found in birds in nature,high-quality 3D interconnected hollow diamond foam(HDF)was fabricated using a series of processes,including microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition(CVD),laser perforation,and acid immersion.This HDF was then used as a scaffold to encapsulate PEG2000.The results demonstrate that HDF significantly reduces the supercooling degree and latent heat discrepancy of PEG2000.Compared to pure PEG2000,the thermal conductivity of the HDF/PEG increased by 378%,while its latent heat reached 111.48 J/g,accompanied by a photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 86.68%.The significant performance improvement is mainly attributed to the combination of the excellent properties of the diamond with the inherent advantages of the 3D interconnected structure in HDF,which creates a high-conductivity transport network inside.Moreover,the HDF/PEG composite extends the temperature cycling time of electronic components by 4 times for heating and 2.3 times for cooling,thereby prolonging the operational lifetime of electronic devices.HDF/PEG offers an integrated solution for solar energy collection,photothermal conversion,heat dissipation in electronic components,and thermal energy transfer/storage.This innovative approach provides innovative ideas for the design and fabrication of composite PCMs and has great application potential,such as solar energy utilization,thermal management,and thermal energy storage.展开更多
With the increasing number of distributed flexible resources with energy storage capabilities in virtual power plants(VPPs),the traditional market clearing model that only includes quantity and price bids cannot fully...With the increasing number of distributed flexible resources with energy storage capabilities in virtual power plants(VPPs),the traditional market clearing model that only includes quantity and price bids cannot fully unlock their potential flexibility.In light of this,we propose a market clearing model for energy-constrained virtual power plants(EC-VPPs)based on distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization(DRCCO)with moment information.Furthermore,to address the uncertainty of EC-VPPs in the electricity market,a pricing strategy for EC-VPPs is proposed.This strategy helps quantify the impact of uncertainty in EC-VPPs on the system economy.The proposed market clearing model is reformulated as a tractable mixed-integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP)problem via a two-sided distributionally robust chance-constrained convex reformulation method.Numerical simulations verify that the proposed pricing strategy offers fair incentives for both reserve providers and uncertain sources,and delivers an effective market mechanism for the EC-VPPs.展开更多
Integrating phase change materials(PCM)into thermal insulation materials offers a novel approach to aerospace thermal protection.Herein,we used waste biomass as a template;by selecting the appropriate carbonization te...Integrating phase change materials(PCM)into thermal insulation materials offers a novel approach to aerospace thermal protection.Herein,we used waste biomass as a template;by selecting the appropriate carbonization temperature,we obtained carbon aerogels(CCA)with extremely high porosity(95.8%)and high pore volume.After encapsulating PEG2000,we achieved high enthalpy(137.79 J g^(−1),91%of pure PEG2000)and low thermal conductivity(0.137 W(m·K)^(–1),45% of pure PEG2000).Thanks to the rich hierarchical nano-micro porous structure of CCA and the high latent heat of PEG2000,CCA/PEG exhibits excellent thermal insulation properties(under a heating temperature of 131℃,the material takes 1400 s to reach its maximum temperature and can be maintained below 65℃)and cycle performance.Additionally,irradiation destroyed the structure of CCA/PEG,leading to the degradation of PEG and the formation of other carbonyl-containing compounds,which decreased its latent heat(4.2%)and thermal conductivity(16.1%).However,the irradiation-resistant CCA,acting as a protective layer,minimizes the impact of irradiation on PEG2000.Instead,irradiation enhances the hierarchical porous structure of the material,ultimately improving its thermal insulation performance.CCA/PEG has potential application prospects in thermal protection and aerospace and is a strong competitor for high-efficiency thermal insulation materials.展开更多
Escalating electromagnetic(EM)pollution and advanced stealth technologies require next-generation microwave absorbers that combine broadband response,strong attenuation,and lightweight characteristics with high-temper...Escalating electromagnetic(EM)pollution and advanced stealth technologies require next-generation microwave absorbers that combine broadband response,strong attenuation,and lightweight characteristics with high-temperature stability.In this work,a vacancy-mediated strategy is proposed to tailor EM losses in Cr-doped lanthanum manganite perovskites(LaMn_(1-x)Cr_(x)O_(3))synthesized via a sol–gel method.The cooperative modulation between Mn-site cation vacancies and oxygen vacancies enables a well-balanced contribution of polarization loss and conduction loss,resulting in excellent absorption performance.Specifically,LaMn_(0.85)Cr_(0.15)O_(3) achieves a remarkable minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-75.37 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.0 GHz at a thickness of only 2.8 mm.Structural and spectroscopic analyses reveal that Cr^(3+)substitution induces Mn vacancies and modulates oxygen vacancy concentrations,thereby generating defect dipoles and facilitating carrier migration.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further elucidate the role of Cr-induced defect states in enhancing conduction and polarization losses.This vacancy-engineered approach not only establishes a new paradigm for designing high-efficiency perovskite-based microwave absorbers but also offers significant potential for high-temperature EM compatibility applications.展开更多
The potential of macrophage-mediated phagocytosis as a cancer treatment is promising.Blocking the CD47–SIRPαinteraction with a CD47-specific antibody significantly enhances macrophage phagocytosis.However,concerns r...The potential of macrophage-mediated phagocytosis as a cancer treatment is promising.Blocking the CD47–SIRPαinteraction with a CD47-specific antibody significantly enhances macrophage phagocytosis.However,concerns regarding their toxicity to nontumor cells remain substantial.Here,we engineered chimeric antigen receptor macrophages(CAR-Ms)by fusing a humanized single-chain variable fragment with FcγRIIa and integrating short hairpin RNA to silence SIRPα,thereby disrupting the CD47–SIRPαsignaling pathway.These modified CAR-shSIRPα-M cells exhibited an M1-like phenotype,superior phagocytic function,substantial cytotoxic effects on HER2-positive tumor cells,and the ability to eliminate patient-derived organoids.In vivo,CAR-M cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice.Notably,CAR-shSIRPα-M cells enhanced cytotoxic T-cell infiltration into tumors,thereby enhancing the antitumor response in both the humanized immune system mouse model and immunocompetent mice.Mechanistically,SIRPαinhibition activated inflammatory pathways and the cGAS-STING signaling cascade in CAR-M cells,leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines,reactive oxygen species,and nitric oxide,thereby enhancing their antitumor effects.These findings underscore the potential of SIRPαinhibition as a novel strategy to increase the antitumor efficacy of CAR-M cells in cancer immunotherapy,particularly against solid tumors.展开更多
Pressure balance is a key technology for Press-Pack IGBT packaging,and is studied in this paper with its influence on the temperature distribution discussed in further when the device is turned on.By establishing the ...Pressure balance is a key technology for Press-Pack IGBT packaging,and is studied in this paper with its influence on the temperature distribution discussed in further when the device is turned on.By establishing the physical model of the Press-Pack IGBT device in the finite element simulation software,the influence of the internal flatness condition on the pressure balance is analyzed,and the variation of the average pressure difference with the flatness in different parallel scale of the chips is obtained.The thermal contact resistance and the electrical contact resistance parameters,which are dependent on the pressure,are then imported to perform the multi-field coupling,further investigating the effect of different pressure distributions on temperature distribution.The junction-case thermal resistance of the device with different flatness is compared experimentally.The results have demonstrated the influence of the flatness on the thermal resistance of the Press-Pack IGBT device.展开更多
基金supported by the Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.23JCYBJC00040)the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.52175369)the Tian-jin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students(No.2022SKY134).
文摘To enhance the anti-corrosion performance of TC4 alloy across a wide temperature range for modern aircrafts operating in increasingly harsh environments, the (TiB+TiC) hybrid reinforced TC4 composites were prepared by laser melting deposition (LMD) via the in-situ reaction between B_(4)C reinforcement and molten TC4 alloy. The effect of B_(4)C content (0, 0.5, 1.5, wt%) on the microstructure and room/high-temperature corrosion behaviour of the composites was investigated. Microstructural analysis revealed that the microstructure of the composites was significantly influenced by the B_(4)C content. The composite containing 0.5 wt% B_(4)C exhibited an optimal microstructure characterized by refined grains, equiaxed α-Ti transformed from lath-shaped α-Ti, well-distributed (TiB+TiC) phases with a proper amount and reduced pore/dislocation defects. This composite also demonstrated the best corrosion resistance at both room temperature (25 ℃) and high temperature (800 ℃), which was primarily attributed to its comprehensive advantages including a favorable microstructure, a uniform dispersion of thermally stable (TiB+TiC) phases and a stable passivation film.
基金Natural Science Research Project of Education Department of Anhui Province of China,Grant/Award Number:2023AH051020Key Project of Anhui Province's Science and Technology Innovation Tackle Plan,Grant/Award Number:202423k09020040+3 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFD1802200Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:2308085MF21National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:32472007,62301006,62306008University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:GXXT-2022-046。
文摘In the era of big data,personalised recommendation systems are essential for enhancing user engagement and driving business growth.However,traditional recommendation algorithms,such as collaborative filtering,face significant challenges due to data sparsity,algorithm scalability,and the difficulty of adapting to dynamic user preferences.These limitations hinder the ability of systems to provide highly accurate and personalised recommendations.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a clustering-based recommendation method that integrates an enhanced Grasshopper Optimisation Algorithm(GOA),termed LCGOA,to improve the accuracy and efficiency of recommendation systems by optimising cluster centroids in a dynamic environment.By combining the K-means algorithm with the enhanced GOA,which incorporates a Lévy flight mechanism and multi-strategy co-evolution,our method overcomes the centroid sensitivity issue,a key limitation in traditional clustering techniques.Experimental results across multiple datasets show that the proposed LCGOA-based method significantly outperforms conventional recommendation algorithms in terms of recommendation accuracy,offering more relevant content to users and driving greater customer satisfaction and business growth.
基金This work was funded by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2017ZX07201003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51961125101)the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(2018C03003).
文摘The problem of effluent total nitrogen(TN)at most of the wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in China is important for meeting the related water quality standards,even under the condition of high energy consumption.To achieve better prediction and control of effluent TN concentration,an efficient prediction model,based on controllable operation parameters,was constructed in a sequencing batch reactor process.Compared with previous models,this model has two main characteristics:①Superficial gas velocity and anoxic time are controllable operation parameters and are selected as the main input parameters instead of dissolved oxygen to improve the model controllability,and②the model prediction accuracy is improved on the basis of a feedforward neural network(FFNN)with algorithm optimization.The results demonstrated that the FFNN model was efficiently optimized by scaled conjugate gradient,and the performance was excellent compared with other models in terms of the correlation coefficient(R).The optimized FFNN model could provide an accurate prediction of effluent TN based on influent water parameters and key control parameters.This study revealed the possible application of the optimized FFNN model for the efficient removal of pollutants and lower energy consumption at most of the WWTPs.
基金the Center University(Grant No.B220202013)Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province(2022).
文摘The objective of this study is to investigate themethods for soil liquefaction discrimination. Typically, predicting soilliquefaction potential involves conducting the standard penetration test (SPT), which requires field testing and canbe time-consuming and labor-intensive. In contrast, the cone penetration test (CPT) provides a more convenientmethod and offers detailed and continuous information about soil layers. In this study, the feature matrix based onCPT data is proposed to predict the standard penetration test blow count N. The featurematrix comprises the CPTcharacteristic parameters at specific depths, such as tip resistance qc, sleeve resistance f s, and depth H. To fuse thefeatures on the matrix, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed for feature extraction. Additionally,Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to obtain the best combination of convolutional kernels and the number ofneurons. The study evaluated the robustness of the proposed model using multiple engineering field data sets.Results demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed conventional methods in predicting N values forvarious soil categories, including sandy silt, silty sand, and clayey silt. Finally, the proposed model was employedfor liquefaction discrimination. The liquefaction discrimination based on the predicted N values was comparedwith the measured N values, and the results showed that the discrimination results were in 75% agreement. Thestudy has important practical application value for foundation liquefaction engineering. Also, the novel methodadopted in this research provides new ideas and methods for research in related fields, which is of great academicsignificance.
基金M.Zhu acknowledges support by the National Outstanding Youth Program(62322411)the Hundred Talents Program(Chinese Academy of Sciences)+1 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(21QA1410800)The financial support was provided by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB44010200).
文摘Today’s explosion of data urgently requires memory technologies capable of storing large volumes of data in shorter time frames,a feat unattain-able with Flash or DRAM.Intel Optane,commonly referred to as three-dimensional phase change memory,stands out as one of the most promising candidates.The Optane with cross-point architecture is constructed through layering a storage element and a selector known as the ovonic threshold switch(OTS).The OTS device,which employs chalcogenide film,has thereby gathered increased attention in recent years.In this paper,we begin by providing a brief introduction to the discovery process of the OTS phenomenon.Subsequently,we summarize the key elec-trical parameters of OTS devices and delve into recent explorations of OTS materials,which are categorized as Se-based,Te-based,and S-based material systems.Furthermore,we discuss various models for the OTS switching mechanism,including field-induced nucleation model,as well as several carrier injection models.Additionally,we review the progress and innovations in OTS mechanism research.Finally,we highlight the successful application of OTS devices in three-dimensional high-density memory and offer insights into their promising performance and extensive prospects in emerging applications,such as self-selecting memory and neuromorphic computing.
基金support from National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404604)Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-112),Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(16ZR1442600,20JC1416200)+6 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12074400,U1732268,62293521,61874128,61851406,11774326 and 11705262)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0670303)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Program(20JC1416200,22JC1403300)Frontier Science Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC032),Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0300204)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2019SHZDZX01)Autonomous deployment project of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(No.SKLJCZ2024-B03)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks(No.2024GZKF11).
文摘The ability to control nonclassical light emission from a single quantum emitter by an integrated cavity may unleash new perspectives for integrated photonic quantum applications.However,coupling a single quantum emitter to cavity within photonic circuitry towards creation of the Purcell-enhanced single-photon emission is elusive due to the complexity of integrating active devices in low-loss photonic circuits.Here we demonstrate a hybrid micro-ring resonator(HMRR)coupled with self-assembled quantum dots(QDs)for cavity-enhanced deterministic single-photon emission.The HMRR cavity supports whispering-gallery modes with quality factors up to 7.8×103.By further introducing a micro-heater,we show that the photon emission of QDs can be locally and dynamically tuned over one free spectral ranges of the HMRR(~4 nm).This allows precise tuning of individual QDs in resonance with the cavity modes,thereby enhancing single-photon emission with a Purcell factor of about 4.9.Our results on the hybrid integrated cavities coupled with two-level quantum emitters emerge as promising devices for chip-based scalable photonic quantum applications.
基金supported by the A-STEP program of JST,and KAKENHI from JSPS(21K04151,24K00937)。
文摘Terahertz(THz)detectors using MEMS resonators have attracted great interests owing to their high sensitivity,rapid response,and room-temperature operation capability.For easy integration with CMOS circuits,silicon(Si)based MEMS detectors are highly desirable.Here we report an uncooled THz bolometer using doubly-clamped Si on insulator(SOI)MEMS beam resonator with piezoresistive readout.When external heat is applied to the MEMS beam,the resonance frequency shifts owing to the thermal strain in the beam,demonstrating a thermal responsivity up to 149W^(−1).SOI MEMS resonators exhibit a thermal response time of about 88μs,which is over 3 times faster than that of GaAs MEMS detectors.Furthermore,electrical readout of the MEMS vibrations is achieved by using the piezoresistive effect of Si,offering a low frequency noise density of 2.7 mHz/√Hz,and subsequently a noise equivalent power(NEP)of about 36 pW/√Hz for the current devices.Optical measurement using a FTIR spectrometer shows that SOI MEMS bolometers has a broadband THz response across 1-10 THz range.These results demonstrate that SOI MEMS bolometer features fast response and high sensitivity,while also being compact,broadband,and CMOS-compatible,highlighting its strong potential for advanced THz spectroscopy and imaging applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2101002)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2024JK2152)+3 种基金the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province(No.20K085)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32070071)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2021JJ30441 and 2023JJ30395)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(No.kq2208169).
文摘Natural products are effective in the treatment and the prevention of human,animal and plant diseases.Therefore,natural products may also be considered to treat fish diseases.Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma(ATR)is a herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.However,little is known about how its active ingredients exert the beneficial effects.Here,Four effective active ingredients of ATR and their 81 targets were investigated,which affected the anti-inflammatory response.Among them,kaempferol-JUN was identified as a key regulatory module in anti-inflammatory immune responses,and kaempferol interacted with the CiJUN protein and inhibited CiJUN levels.Silencing CiJUN gene in Ctenopharyn-godon idella kidney(CIK)cells enhanced anti-inflammatory activity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila,whereas anti-inflammatory activity and resistance were impaired after CiJUN overexpression.The mortality rate of diseased grass carp was reduced after treatment with kaempferol,as were the inflammatory and oxidant effects.Also,grass carp showed enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects after feeding with kaempferol.The results provide further insights into the use of kaempferol to prevent and treat fish diseases.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972078)the Heilongjiang Touyan Team Program,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Centra Universities(No.HIT.OCEF.2021003)the Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials&Green Manufacturing Technology.
文摘The rapid advancement of wireless communication and the increasing demand for electromagnetic stealth have intensified the need for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.This work introduces an innovative bio-inspired strategy for synthesizing silicon carbide nanostructures anchored on biomass-derived carbon from fig skin via a high-temperature vapor–solid deposition method.By precisely modulating the silicon-to-carbon ratio,we developed various silicon carbide morphologies—including spherical,coral-like,and linear architectures—of which the coral-like configuration(silicon-carbide-3(SC-3))exhibited remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities.Specifically,SC-3 achieved a minimum reflection loss of-51.27 dB at 14.1 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.64 GHz.The enhanced absorption is attributed to the synergistic effects of interface polarization,dipole polarization,and multiple internal reflections fostered by the unique porous structure.These findings underscore the versatility of biomass-derived carbon in tailoring advanced nanostructures and pave the way for developing next-generation electromagnetic absorbers with optimized impedance matching and broadband capabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52471217)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52403348)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52450001,52250090,52371208,52002042,51772012,51571007 and 12374023)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3809400)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51925101)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ18004)the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(111Project)(B17002)。
文摘Recently,dimensionless figure of merit(ZT)beyond 1.0 has been demonstrated in diamondoid Cu_(2)SnSe_(3),positioning it as a low-cost and ecofriendly thermoelectric alternative,and sparking intense interest in further optimizing its thermoelectric properties.However,its intrinsic monoclinic structure and the compact packing of tetrahedral coordination lead to a light valence band and high thermal conductivity,which impede further performance improvement in Cu_(2)SnSe_(3).Thus,developing effective approaches to altering the local structure of Cu_(2)SnSe_(3)is important for further optimizing its thermoelectric performance.Herein,we identified and thoroughly investigated the atomic off-centering behavior in Cu_(2)SnSe_(3),and demonstrated the electronic and phonon transport properties of Cu_(2)SnSe_(3)can be significantly enhanced by carefully modifying its monoclinic lattice into a distorted zinc-blende cubic structure via introducing Cd and off-centering Ag elements.This structure transition leads to band convergence and a reduction in the deformation potential of the material,resulting in a 7-fold enhancement in the density-of-state effective mass and an 85%increase in carrier mobility.Additionally,the off-centering effect results in strong acoustic-optical phonon scattering and an ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.3 W m^(-1)K^(-1).Consequently,a maximum ZT of 1.3 was obtained at 800 K for the Cu_(1.85)Ag_(0.15)Sn_(0.9)Cd_(0.1)Se_(3).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52176054,52236006,52172037,and 52350362)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2024A1515012033).
文摘The use of porous skeletons for encapsulating phase change materials(PCMs)is an effective approach to addressing issues such as leakage,low thermal conductivity,and poor photothermal conversion efficiency.Inspired by the hollow skeletal structure found in birds in nature,high-quality 3D interconnected hollow diamond foam(HDF)was fabricated using a series of processes,including microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition(CVD),laser perforation,and acid immersion.This HDF was then used as a scaffold to encapsulate PEG2000.The results demonstrate that HDF significantly reduces the supercooling degree and latent heat discrepancy of PEG2000.Compared to pure PEG2000,the thermal conductivity of the HDF/PEG increased by 378%,while its latent heat reached 111.48 J/g,accompanied by a photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 86.68%.The significant performance improvement is mainly attributed to the combination of the excellent properties of the diamond with the inherent advantages of the 3D interconnected structure in HDF,which creates a high-conductivity transport network inside.Moreover,the HDF/PEG composite extends the temperature cycling time of electronic components by 4 times for heating and 2.3 times for cooling,thereby prolonging the operational lifetime of electronic devices.HDF/PEG offers an integrated solution for solar energy collection,photothermal conversion,heat dissipation in electronic components,and thermal energy transfer/storage.This innovative approach provides innovative ideas for the design and fabrication of composite PCMs and has great application potential,such as solar energy utilization,thermal management,and thermal energy storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52407089).
文摘With the increasing number of distributed flexible resources with energy storage capabilities in virtual power plants(VPPs),the traditional market clearing model that only includes quantity and price bids cannot fully unlock their potential flexibility.In light of this,we propose a market clearing model for energy-constrained virtual power plants(EC-VPPs)based on distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization(DRCCO)with moment information.Furthermore,to address the uncertainty of EC-VPPs in the electricity market,a pricing strategy for EC-VPPs is proposed.This strategy helps quantify the impact of uncertainty in EC-VPPs on the system economy.The proposed market clearing model is reformulated as a tractable mixed-integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP)problem via a two-sided distributionally robust chance-constrained convex reformulation method.Numerical simulations verify that the proposed pricing strategy offers fair incentives for both reserve providers and uncertain sources,and delivers an effective market mechanism for the EC-VPPs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52236006,No.52176054)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2024A1515012033).
文摘Integrating phase change materials(PCM)into thermal insulation materials offers a novel approach to aerospace thermal protection.Herein,we used waste biomass as a template;by selecting the appropriate carbonization temperature,we obtained carbon aerogels(CCA)with extremely high porosity(95.8%)and high pore volume.After encapsulating PEG2000,we achieved high enthalpy(137.79 J g^(−1),91%of pure PEG2000)and low thermal conductivity(0.137 W(m·K)^(–1),45% of pure PEG2000).Thanks to the rich hierarchical nano-micro porous structure of CCA and the high latent heat of PEG2000,CCA/PEG exhibits excellent thermal insulation properties(under a heating temperature of 131℃,the material takes 1400 s to reach its maximum temperature and can be maintained below 65℃)and cycle performance.Additionally,irradiation destroyed the structure of CCA/PEG,leading to the degradation of PEG and the formation of other carbonyl-containing compounds,which decreased its latent heat(4.2%)and thermal conductivity(16.1%).However,the irradiation-resistant CCA,acting as a protective layer,minimizes the impact of irradiation on PEG2000.Instead,irradiation enhances the hierarchical porous structure of the material,ultimately improving its thermal insulation performance.CCA/PEG has potential application prospects in thermal protection and aerospace and is a strong competitor for high-efficiency thermal insulation materials.
基金financial support from the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(JCKY2023603C016).
文摘Escalating electromagnetic(EM)pollution and advanced stealth technologies require next-generation microwave absorbers that combine broadband response,strong attenuation,and lightweight characteristics with high-temperature stability.In this work,a vacancy-mediated strategy is proposed to tailor EM losses in Cr-doped lanthanum manganite perovskites(LaMn_(1-x)Cr_(x)O_(3))synthesized via a sol–gel method.The cooperative modulation between Mn-site cation vacancies and oxygen vacancies enables a well-balanced contribution of polarization loss and conduction loss,resulting in excellent absorption performance.Specifically,LaMn_(0.85)Cr_(0.15)O_(3) achieves a remarkable minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-75.37 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.0 GHz at a thickness of only 2.8 mm.Structural and spectroscopic analyses reveal that Cr^(3+)substitution induces Mn vacancies and modulates oxygen vacancy concentrations,thereby generating defect dipoles and facilitating carrier migration.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further elucidate the role of Cr-induced defect states in enhancing conduction and polarization losses.This vacancy-engineered approach not only establishes a new paradigm for designing high-efficiency perovskite-based microwave absorbers but also offers significant potential for high-temperature EM compatibility applications.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82073361)the State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology Project(grant number CBSKL2022ZZ21)+1 种基金the Key R&D Plan of Shaanxi Province(grant number 2023-YBSF-667)the Xi’an Municipal Health Commission(grant number 2022 ms06).
文摘The potential of macrophage-mediated phagocytosis as a cancer treatment is promising.Blocking the CD47–SIRPαinteraction with a CD47-specific antibody significantly enhances macrophage phagocytosis.However,concerns regarding their toxicity to nontumor cells remain substantial.Here,we engineered chimeric antigen receptor macrophages(CAR-Ms)by fusing a humanized single-chain variable fragment with FcγRIIa and integrating short hairpin RNA to silence SIRPα,thereby disrupting the CD47–SIRPαsignaling pathway.These modified CAR-shSIRPα-M cells exhibited an M1-like phenotype,superior phagocytic function,substantial cytotoxic effects on HER2-positive tumor cells,and the ability to eliminate patient-derived organoids.In vivo,CAR-M cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice.Notably,CAR-shSIRPα-M cells enhanced cytotoxic T-cell infiltration into tumors,thereby enhancing the antitumor response in both the humanized immune system mouse model and immunocompetent mice.Mechanistically,SIRPαinhibition activated inflammatory pathways and the cGAS-STING signaling cascade in CAR-M cells,leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines,reactive oxygen species,and nitric oxide,thereby enhancing their antitumor effects.These findings underscore the potential of SIRPαinhibition as a novel strategy to increase the antitumor efficacy of CAR-M cells in cancer immunotherapy,particularly against solid tumors.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0901800).
文摘Pressure balance is a key technology for Press-Pack IGBT packaging,and is studied in this paper with its influence on the temperature distribution discussed in further when the device is turned on.By establishing the physical model of the Press-Pack IGBT device in the finite element simulation software,the influence of the internal flatness condition on the pressure balance is analyzed,and the variation of the average pressure difference with the flatness in different parallel scale of the chips is obtained.The thermal contact resistance and the electrical contact resistance parameters,which are dependent on the pressure,are then imported to perform the multi-field coupling,further investigating the effect of different pressure distributions on temperature distribution.The junction-case thermal resistance of the device with different flatness is compared experimentally.The results have demonstrated the influence of the flatness on the thermal resistance of the Press-Pack IGBT device.
