In the steel slag-based mine backfill cementitious material systems,the hydration reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of steel slag(SS),granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DG)are cru...In the steel slag-based mine backfill cementitious material systems,the hydration reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of steel slag(SS),granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DG)are crucial for performance optimization and regulation.However,existing studies have yet to fully reveal the underlying synergistic mechanisms,which limits the application and promotion of high SS content in mine backfill and low-carbon building materials.This study systematically explores the synergistic effects between various solid wastes and their regulation of the hydration process in the SS-based cementitious system through multi-scale characterization techniques.The results show that GBFS,by releasing active Si^(4+)and Al^(3+),triggers a synergistic activation effect with Ca^(2+)provided by SS,promoting the formation of C-S-H gel and ettringite,significantly optimizing the hardened paste microstructure.When the GBFS content reaches 30%,the C-S-H content increases by 40.8%,the pore size distribution improves,the proportion of large pores decreases by 68.7%,and the 90-day compressive strength increases to 5 times that of the baseline group.The sulfate activation effect of DG accelerates the hydration of silicate minerals,but excessive incorporation(>16%)can lead to microcracks caused by the expansion of AFt crystals,resulting in a strength reduction.Under the synergistic effect of 8%DG and 30%GBFS,the hydration reaction is most intense,with the peak heat release rate reaching 0.92 mW/g and the cumulative heat release amount being 240 J/g.By constructing a“SS-GBFS-DG-cement”quaternary synergistic system(mass ratio range:SS:GBFS:cement:DG=(50–62):(20–40):10:(8–12)),the matching of active components in high-content SS systems was optimized,significantly improving microstructural defects and meeting engineering application requirements.This study provides a theoretical basis for the component design and performance regulation of high-content SS-based cementitious materials.展开更多
Current experimental and computational methods have limitations in accurately and efficiently classifying ion channels within vast protein spaces.Here we have developed a deep learning algorithm,GPT2 Ion Channel Class...Current experimental and computational methods have limitations in accurately and efficiently classifying ion channels within vast protein spaces.Here we have developed a deep learning algorithm,GPT2 Ion Channel Classifier(GPT2-ICC),which effectively distinguishing ion channels from a test set containing approximately 239 times more non-ion-channel proteins.GPT2-ICC integrates representation learning with a large language model(LLM)-based classifier,enabling highly accurate identification of potential ion channels.Several potential ion channels were predicated from the unannotated human proteome,further demonstrating GPT2-ICC’s generalization ability.This study marks a significant advancement in artificial-intelligence-driven ion channel research,highlighting the adaptability and effectiveness of combining representation learning with LLMs to address the challenges of imbalanced protein sequence data.Moreover,it provides a valuable computational tool for uncovering previously uncharacterized ion channels.展开更多
Many railway turnouts are often installed near metro depots and stations,leading to significant environmental vibrations reaching nearby infrastructure.Vibration in turnout zones can originate from various sources,suc...Many railway turnouts are often installed near metro depots and stations,leading to significant environmental vibrations reaching nearby infrastructure.Vibration in turnout zones can originate from various sources,such as rail joints,wheel-load transitions,uneven stiffnesses,rail corrugation,and small-radius curves.These factors contribute to turnout zones having considerably higher vibration levels than plain track sections.Additionally,in urban rapid transit systems,higher train speeds exacerbate wheel–rail impact excitation,further intensifying such vibrations.Despite turnout zones accounting for a large share of environmental vibrations,there have been few systematic studies on their specific sources and mechanisms in the context of rapid transit systems.This knowledge gap has hindered the development and optimization of vibration mitigation strategies for turnout structures.Therefore,in this study,we investigate five representative sets of turnouts from a rapid transit system in a Chinese city,with train speeds ranging from 80 to 150 km/h.Field tests were conducted on real operating trains,with vibration accelerations measured at turnout rails and tunnel walls.This study systematically examines the effects of turnout structure,train carriage position,speed,and vibration mitigation measures on the vibration source characteristics.Time-frequency methods were employed to analyze the test data.Our findings reveal that when train speeds exceed 100 km/h,leading and trailing carriages passing through turnouts induce low-frequency vibrations below 80 Hz,thus generating vibrations in the human-sensitive frequency range.Moreover,train-induced vibrations in turnout zones are primarily concentrated in three frequency bands:0–20 Hz(associated with structural and stiffness irregularities in the turnouts),50–80 Hz(P2 resonance of the wheel–rail system),and 150–200 Hz(natural frequencies of the rails).展开更多
Objective:To assess the efficiency of a Sophora flavescens Ait(S.flavescens,Ku Shen)-soluble microneedle(SFA-MN)for improving skin lesion symptoms in mice with psoriasis.Methods:SFA-MNs were prepared using a two-mold ...Objective:To assess the efficiency of a Sophora flavescens Ait(S.flavescens,Ku Shen)-soluble microneedle(SFA-MN)for improving skin lesion symptoms in mice with psoriasis.Methods:SFA-MNs were prepared using a two-mold molding process with 20%w/v poly-vinylpyrrolidone and 15%w/v polyvinyl alcohol.The SFA-MNs were assessed for morphology,mechanical properties,in vitro dissolution,identification of components,and skin lesion improvement in imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice.Results:The SFA-MNs demonstrated good mechanical properties for efficiently penetrating the dermis,facilitating efficient drug delivery.Furthermore,they effectively inhibited mast cell levels in the dorsal lesion area of psoriasis mice and reduced the expression of the T-lymphocyte factor cluster of differ-entiation 3 and tumor necrosis factor-a.In addition,this system alleviated skin inflammation,splenic swelling,and thymic atrophy in the psoriasis-like mouse model.Seven major components were detected from SFA-MNs by comparison of the mass-to-nucleus ratios(m/z)of the secondary fragments N-methylcytisine,5a,9a-dihydroxymatrine,sophoramine,matrine,oxysophocarpine,oxymatrine,and kushenol O.Conclusion:The drug delivery strategy combining traditional herbal S.flavescens with soluble micro-needle technology provides more targeted and effective immune regulation for treating psoriasis-like mice models,enabling enhanced therapeutic effects compared with the control group.展开更多
As for the ultra-precision grinding of the hemispherical fused silica resonator,due to the hard and brittle nature of fused silica,subsurface damage(SSD)is easily generated,which enormously influences the performance ...As for the ultra-precision grinding of the hemispherical fused silica resonator,due to the hard and brittle nature of fused silica,subsurface damage(SSD)is easily generated,which enormously influences the performance of such components.Hence,ultra-precision grinding experiments are carried out to investigate the surface/subsurface quality of the hemispherical resonator machined by the small ball-end fine diamond grinding wheel.The influence of grinding parameters on the surface roughness(SR)and SSD depth of fused silica samples is then analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the SR and SSD depth decreased with the increase of grinding speed and the decrease of feed rate and grinding depth.In addition,based on the material strain rate and the maximum undeformed chip thickness,the effect of grinding parameters on the subsurface damage mechanism of fused silica samples is analyzed.Furthermore,a multi-step ultra-precision grinding technique of the hemispherical resonator is proposed based on the interaction influence between grinding depth and feed rate.Finally,the hemispherical resonator is processed by the proposed grinding technique,and the SR is improved from 454.328 nm to 110.449 nm while the SSD depth is reduced by 94%from 40μm to 2.379μm.The multi-step grinding technique proposed in this paper can guide the fabrication of the hemispherical resonator.展开更多
Objective:To determine the main components of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge(A.membranaceus,Huang Qi),Astragaloside IV(AIV)and Astragalus polysaccharides(AP),to characterize their properties,evaluate their in vivo...Objective:To determine the main components of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge(A.membranaceus,Huang Qi),Astragaloside IV(AIV)and Astragalus polysaccharides(AP),to characterize their properties,evaluate their in vivo efficacy,and to analyze drug diffusion using dissolving microneedle(DMN)technology in vivo.Methods: Respectively,AIV-and AP-loaded DMNs comprising chitosan(CTS)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)were prepared via dual-mold forming.Their morphology,mechanical properties,in vivo solubility,and skin irritation characteristics were tested.In vivo efficacy was assessed in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice,in vivo diffusion of AIV and AP by DMNs and conventional methods was compared,and the rheological properties of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA mixtures were measured.Results: Subcutaneous dissolution and absorption of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA microneedles(MNs)at low doses(50%–17%of intraperitoneal AIV injection and 12%–4%of intravenous AP injection)reduced the spleen index and acid phosphatase activity in immunosuppressed mouse models,increased the thymus index,and achieved equivalent or better systemic therapeutic effects.Compared with injections,AIV and AP achieved controllable solid-liquid conversion through delivery with CTS-PVA MNs,resulting in highly localized aggregation within 48 h,reducing the initial explosive effect of the drug,and achieving stable and slow drug release.Conclusion: The present study enhances our understanding of the efficacy and remote effects of drug-loaded DMNs from a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)perspective,thereby promoting the development of precise and efficient delivery of TCM and further expanding the drug-loading range and application scenarios for DMNs.展开更多
Reasonable treatment and utilization of waste residuals discharged during the production of ready-mixed concrete is an important problem in the cement industry.In this study,a composite admixture was prepared by using...Reasonable treatment and utilization of waste residuals discharged during the production of ready-mixed concrete is an important problem in the cement industry.In this study,a composite admixture was prepared by using ready-mixed concrete waste residuals,furnace slag,and water granulated slag.The grinding characteristics of such material were investigated.Moreover,the effect of such admixture on cement hydration and pore structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microcopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry.As shown by the results:The grinding characteristics of the waste residuals can be improved significantly by mixing them with furnace slag and water granulated slag.Furthermore,the composite admixture does not change the composition of hydration products;rather it contributes to refine the pore structure of the matrix,thus improving the mechanical properties of these cement-based materials.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of natural language processing(NLP),large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated excep-tional performance across tasks(Xu et al.,2024;Lee et al.,2024;Tan et al.,2023)like machine translation...With the rapid advancement of natural language processing(NLP),large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated excep-tional performance across tasks(Xu et al.,2024;Lee et al.,2024;Tan et al.,2023)like machine translation,text summarization,and question-answering,significantly accelerating NLP research.Furthermore,LLMs have also facilitated advancements across di-verse fields.In robotics,for example,LLMs enhance the interpre-tation and translation of user voice commands,enabling precise planning and execution of robotic arm movements(Driess et al.,2023).展开更多
The advancement of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)towards larger structures is considered the most efficient approach to enhance energy density in clean energy storage systems.However,this advancement poses significant ch...The advancement of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)towards larger structures is considered the most efficient approach to enhance energy density in clean energy storage systems.However,this advancement poses significant challenges in terms of the filling and wetting processes of battery electrolytes.The intricate interplay between electrode microstructure and electrolyte wetting process still requires further investigation.This study aims to systematically investigate the primary mechanisms influencing electrolyte wetting on porous electrode structures produced through different manufacturing processes.Using advanced X-ray computed tomography,threedimensional electrode structures are reconstructed,and permeability and capillary action are evaluated as key parameters.It is observed that increasing calendering pressure and active material content reduces electrode porosity,thereby decreasing permeability and penetration rate;however,it simultaneously enhances capillary action.The interplay between these indicators contributes to the complexity of wetting behavior.Incomplete wetting of electrolytes arises from two primary factors elucidated by further simulations:partial closure of pores induced by the calendering process impedes complete wetting,while non-wetting phase gases become trapped within the electrolyte during the wetting process hindering their release and inhibiting full penetration of the electrolyte.These findings have significant implications for designing and optimizing LIBs while offering profound insights for future advancements in battery technology.展开更多
Generating realistic building layouts for automatic building design has been studied in both computer vision and architectural domains.Traditional approaches in the latter,which are based on optimization techniques or...Generating realistic building layouts for automatic building design has been studied in both computer vision and architectural domains.Traditional approaches in the latter,which are based on optimization techniques or heuristic design guidelines,can synthesize desirable layouts,but usually require post-processing and involve human interaction in the design pipeline,making them costly and time-consuming.The advent of deep generative models has significantly improved the fidelity and diversity of the generated architecture layouts,reducing the workload of designers and making the process much more efficient.This paper presents a comprehensive review of three major research topics in architectural layout design and generation:floorplan layout generation,scene layout synthesis,and generation of various other formats of building layouts.For each topic,we overview the leading paradigms,categorized either by research domains(architecture or machine learning)or by user input conditions or constraints.We then introduce commonly-adopted benchmark datasets used to verify the effectiveness of the methods,as well as corresponding evaluation metrics.Finally,we identify the well-solved problems and limitations of existing approaches,and then propose promising directions for future research.This survey has an associated project which aims to maintain the resources,at https://github.com/jcliu0428/awesome-building-layout-generation.展开更多
The continuous growth in data centre traffic,especially from artificial intelligence and machine learning workloads,is driving increased single carrier line rates.High-bandwidth electro-optic modulators are essential ...The continuous growth in data centre traffic,especially from artificial intelligence and machine learning workloads,is driving increased single carrier line rates.High-bandwidth electro-optic modulators are essential for supporting 400 Gbit/s per lane transmission.While recent advancements have demonstrated bandwidths greater than 110 GHz at the die level,this throughput is insufficient for current and future applications like data centre optical interconnects.This paper presents a photonic platform based on 4-inch thin-film lithium niobate wafers with a quartz substrate,offering high yield,low loss and high bandwidth.This platform achieves waveguide propagation loss of<0.4 dB/cm.The thin-film lithium niobate modulators fabricated on this platform can attain a bandwidth exceeding 110 GHz and possess a half-wave voltage(Vπ)lower than 3 V,with the modulator yield reaching 50%.Additionally,by employing deep-ultraviolet lithography and a metal lift-off process,the platform can be extended to larger wafer sizes(e.g.,6 or 8 inches).This significant increase in wafer-level throughput for 110 GHz electro-optic modulators can greatly enhance data centre optical interconnect capabilities.展开更多
Network embedding which aims to embed a given network into a low-dimensional vector space has been proved effective in various network analysis and mining tasks such as node classification,link prediction and network ...Network embedding which aims to embed a given network into a low-dimensional vector space has been proved effective in various network analysis and mining tasks such as node classification,link prediction and network visualization.The emerging network embedding methods have shifted of emphasis in utilizing mature deep learning models.The neural-network based network embedding has become a mainstream solution because of its high eficiency and capability of preserv-ing the nonlinear characteristics of the network.In this paper,we propose Adversarial Network Embedding using Structural Similarity(ANESS),a novel,versatile,low-complexity GAN-based network embedding model which utilizes the inherent vertex-to-vertex structural similarity attribute of the network.ANESS learns robustness and ffective vertex embeddings via a adversarial training procedure.Specifically,our method aims to exploit the strengths of generative adversarial networks in generating high-quality samples and utilize the structural similarity identity of vertexes to learn the latent representations of a network.Meanwhile,ANESS can dynamically update the strategy of generating samples during each training iteration.The extensive experiments have been conducted on the several benchmark network datasets,and empirical results demon-strate that ANESS significantly outperforms other state-of-theart network embedding methods.展开更多
Background:While some studies have reported the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on immune recovery and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)reservoirs in persons living with HIV(PLWH),their findings remain inconsistent.Furthe...Background:While some studies have reported the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on immune recovery and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)reservoirs in persons living with HIV(PLWH),their findings remain inconsistent.Furthermore,limited data exist on the safety of multiple COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH.This study aimed to investigate the safety of heterological COVID-19 vaccine administration in PLWH receiving antiretroviral treatment(ART)and its effects on HIV reservoirs and immune recovery.Such an investigation can help provide a basis for vaccinations against COVID-19 in PLWH.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,PLWH receiving ART were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Infectious Diseases at the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from September 1,2021 to December 31,2021.Fifty-three PLWH receiving ART were vaccinated against COVID-19,with 35 receiving an inactivated vaccine(IN group)and 18 receiving a recombinant protein(CHO cells)vaccine(CHO group)as the third dose.We assessed the changes in liver and kidney functions,blood lipids,and other laboratory parameters at 0,1,2,4,7,8,10,and 13 months after the first vaccination dose.We also monitored CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell counts using flow cytometry at 0,1,2,4,7,8,10,and 13 months after the first vaccination dose,as well as levels of cell-associated HIV DNA(CA HIV DNA)and cell-associated HIV RNA(CA HIV RNA)in peripheral blood using the corresponding quantitative detection kits at 0,2,and 8 months after the first vaccination dose.Results:No severe adverse events related to either type of COVID-19 vaccine were observed in HIV patients,irrespective of their CD4^(+)T cell levels.Both the IN and CHO groups showed significant increases in CD4^(+)T cell counts during follow-up,CD4^(+)T cells increased from 438±45 cells/μL to 557±48 cells/μL in the CHO group,while in the IN group,it increased from 448±34 cells/μL to 572±39 cells/μL(both P<0.001).CA HIV DNA initially decreased and then increased in both groups.CA HIV RNA levels showed significantly decreased in both group after three doses of vaccination(P<0.01 in CHO group and P<0.001 in IN group).CD8^(+)T cells increased from 608±77 cells/μL to 812±116 cells/μL in the CHO group(P<0.01),while in the IN group,it increased from 702±71 cells/μL to 852±68 cells/μL(P<0.001)from baseline to the 13 month of following up.Conclusion:Our data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine is safe for PLWH on ART,although it may affect HIV reservoirs and CD8^(+)T cell counts.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52308316)Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province(No.ZJRMG-2022-01)+1 种基金Fudamental Research Funds for the CentralUniversities,CHD(No.300102265303)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Shenyang Engineering Company(No.NKJ001-2025).
文摘In the steel slag-based mine backfill cementitious material systems,the hydration reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of steel slag(SS),granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DG)are crucial for performance optimization and regulation.However,existing studies have yet to fully reveal the underlying synergistic mechanisms,which limits the application and promotion of high SS content in mine backfill and low-carbon building materials.This study systematically explores the synergistic effects between various solid wastes and their regulation of the hydration process in the SS-based cementitious system through multi-scale characterization techniques.The results show that GBFS,by releasing active Si^(4+)and Al^(3+),triggers a synergistic activation effect with Ca^(2+)provided by SS,promoting the formation of C-S-H gel and ettringite,significantly optimizing the hardened paste microstructure.When the GBFS content reaches 30%,the C-S-H content increases by 40.8%,the pore size distribution improves,the proportion of large pores decreases by 68.7%,and the 90-day compressive strength increases to 5 times that of the baseline group.The sulfate activation effect of DG accelerates the hydration of silicate minerals,but excessive incorporation(>16%)can lead to microcracks caused by the expansion of AFt crystals,resulting in a strength reduction.Under the synergistic effect of 8%DG and 30%GBFS,the hydration reaction is most intense,with the peak heat release rate reaching 0.92 mW/g and the cumulative heat release amount being 240 J/g.By constructing a“SS-GBFS-DG-cement”quaternary synergistic system(mass ratio range:SS:GBFS:cement:DG=(50–62):(20–40):10:(8–12)),the matching of active components in high-content SS systems was optimized,significantly improving microstructural defects and meeting engineering application requirements.This study provides a theoretical basis for the component design and performance regulation of high-content SS-based cementitious materials.
基金funded by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.:2022YFE0205600 and 2022YFC3400504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82373792 and 82273857)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China,and the East China Normal University Medicine and Health Joint Fund,China(Grant No.:2022JKXYD07001).
文摘Current experimental and computational methods have limitations in accurately and efficiently classifying ion channels within vast protein spaces.Here we have developed a deep learning algorithm,GPT2 Ion Channel Classifier(GPT2-ICC),which effectively distinguishing ion channels from a test set containing approximately 239 times more non-ion-channel proteins.GPT2-ICC integrates representation learning with a large language model(LLM)-based classifier,enabling highly accurate identification of potential ion channels.Several potential ion channels were predicated from the unannotated human proteome,further demonstrating GPT2-ICC’s generalization ability.This study marks a significant advancement in artificial-intelligence-driven ion channel research,highlighting the adaptability and effectiveness of combining representation learning with LLMs to address the challenges of imbalanced protein sequence data.Moreover,it provides a valuable computational tool for uncovering previously uncharacterized ion channels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2568212,52388102,52478474,and 52472458)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2025NSFTD0013,2024NSFSC0003,and 2025YFHZ0035)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFB2604304,2023YFB2604302,and 2023YFB2604303).
文摘Many railway turnouts are often installed near metro depots and stations,leading to significant environmental vibrations reaching nearby infrastructure.Vibration in turnout zones can originate from various sources,such as rail joints,wheel-load transitions,uneven stiffnesses,rail corrugation,and small-radius curves.These factors contribute to turnout zones having considerably higher vibration levels than plain track sections.Additionally,in urban rapid transit systems,higher train speeds exacerbate wheel–rail impact excitation,further intensifying such vibrations.Despite turnout zones accounting for a large share of environmental vibrations,there have been few systematic studies on their specific sources and mechanisms in the context of rapid transit systems.This knowledge gap has hindered the development and optimization of vibration mitigation strategies for turnout structures.Therefore,in this study,we investigate five representative sets of turnouts from a rapid transit system in a Chinese city,with train speeds ranging from 80 to 150 km/h.Field tests were conducted on real operating trains,with vibration accelerations measured at turnout rails and tunnel walls.This study systematically examines the effects of turnout structure,train carriage position,speed,and vibration mitigation measures on the vibration source characteristics.Time-frequency methods were employed to analyze the test data.Our findings reveal that when train speeds exceed 100 km/h,leading and trailing carriages passing through turnouts induce low-frequency vibrations below 80 Hz,thus generating vibrations in the human-sensitive frequency range.Moreover,train-induced vibrations in turnout zones are primarily concentrated in three frequency bands:0–20 Hz(associated with structural and stiffness irregularities in the turnouts),50–80 Hz(P2 resonance of the wheel–rail system),and 150–200 Hz(natural frequencies of the rails).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274225)NATCM's Project of High-level Construction of Key TCM Disciplines-Beijing University of Chinese Medicine-Life Science from the Perspective of Chinese Medicine(zyyzdxk-2023263).
文摘Objective:To assess the efficiency of a Sophora flavescens Ait(S.flavescens,Ku Shen)-soluble microneedle(SFA-MN)for improving skin lesion symptoms in mice with psoriasis.Methods:SFA-MNs were prepared using a two-mold molding process with 20%w/v poly-vinylpyrrolidone and 15%w/v polyvinyl alcohol.The SFA-MNs were assessed for morphology,mechanical properties,in vitro dissolution,identification of components,and skin lesion improvement in imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice.Results:The SFA-MNs demonstrated good mechanical properties for efficiently penetrating the dermis,facilitating efficient drug delivery.Furthermore,they effectively inhibited mast cell levels in the dorsal lesion area of psoriasis mice and reduced the expression of the T-lymphocyte factor cluster of differ-entiation 3 and tumor necrosis factor-a.In addition,this system alleviated skin inflammation,splenic swelling,and thymic atrophy in the psoriasis-like mouse model.Seven major components were detected from SFA-MNs by comparison of the mass-to-nucleus ratios(m/z)of the secondary fragments N-methylcytisine,5a,9a-dihydroxymatrine,sophoramine,matrine,oxysophocarpine,oxymatrine,and kushenol O.Conclusion:The drug delivery strategy combining traditional herbal S.flavescens with soluble micro-needle technology provides more targeted and effective immune regulation for treating psoriasis-like mice models,enabling enhanced therapeutic effects compared with the control group.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3403600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52293403)Self-Planned Task of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System(HIT)(No.SKLRS202204C).
文摘As for the ultra-precision grinding of the hemispherical fused silica resonator,due to the hard and brittle nature of fused silica,subsurface damage(SSD)is easily generated,which enormously influences the performance of such components.Hence,ultra-precision grinding experiments are carried out to investigate the surface/subsurface quality of the hemispherical resonator machined by the small ball-end fine diamond grinding wheel.The influence of grinding parameters on the surface roughness(SR)and SSD depth of fused silica samples is then analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the SR and SSD depth decreased with the increase of grinding speed and the decrease of feed rate and grinding depth.In addition,based on the material strain rate and the maximum undeformed chip thickness,the effect of grinding parameters on the subsurface damage mechanism of fused silica samples is analyzed.Furthermore,a multi-step ultra-precision grinding technique of the hemispherical resonator is proposed based on the interaction influence between grinding depth and feed rate.Finally,the hemispherical resonator is processed by the proposed grinding technique,and the SR is improved from 454.328 nm to 110.449 nm while the SSD depth is reduced by 94%from 40μm to 2.379μm.The multi-step grinding technique proposed in this paper can guide the fabrication of the hemispherical resonator.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274225)NATCM's Project of High-level Construction of Key TCM Disciplines-Beijing University of Chinese Medicine-Life Science from the Perspective of Chinese Medicine(zyyzdxk-2023263).
文摘Objective:To determine the main components of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge(A.membranaceus,Huang Qi),Astragaloside IV(AIV)and Astragalus polysaccharides(AP),to characterize their properties,evaluate their in vivo efficacy,and to analyze drug diffusion using dissolving microneedle(DMN)technology in vivo.Methods: Respectively,AIV-and AP-loaded DMNs comprising chitosan(CTS)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)were prepared via dual-mold forming.Their morphology,mechanical properties,in vivo solubility,and skin irritation characteristics were tested.In vivo efficacy was assessed in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice,in vivo diffusion of AIV and AP by DMNs and conventional methods was compared,and the rheological properties of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA mixtures were measured.Results: Subcutaneous dissolution and absorption of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA microneedles(MNs)at low doses(50%–17%of intraperitoneal AIV injection and 12%–4%of intravenous AP injection)reduced the spleen index and acid phosphatase activity in immunosuppressed mouse models,increased the thymus index,and achieved equivalent or better systemic therapeutic effects.Compared with injections,AIV and AP achieved controllable solid-liquid conversion through delivery with CTS-PVA MNs,resulting in highly localized aggregation within 48 h,reducing the initial explosive effect of the drug,and achieving stable and slow drug release.Conclusion: The present study enhances our understanding of the efficacy and remote effects of drug-loaded DMNs from a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)perspective,thereby promoting the development of precise and efficient delivery of TCM and further expanding the drug-loading range and application scenarios for DMNs.
基金supported by the project of China State Construction Engineering Corporation(CSCEC-2020-Z-39,Zhao,R.X.,https://www.cscec.com.cn/).
文摘Reasonable treatment and utilization of waste residuals discharged during the production of ready-mixed concrete is an important problem in the cement industry.In this study,a composite admixture was prepared by using ready-mixed concrete waste residuals,furnace slag,and water granulated slag.The grinding characteristics of such material were investigated.Moreover,the effect of such admixture on cement hydration and pore structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microcopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry.As shown by the results:The grinding characteristics of the waste residuals can be improved significantly by mixing them with furnace slag and water granulated slag.Furthermore,the composite admixture does not change the composition of hydration products;rather it contributes to refine the pore structure of the matrix,thus improving the mechanical properties of these cement-based materials.
文摘With the rapid advancement of natural language processing(NLP),large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated excep-tional performance across tasks(Xu et al.,2024;Lee et al.,2024;Tan et al.,2023)like machine translation,text summarization,and question-answering,significantly accelerating NLP research.Furthermore,LLMs have also facilitated advancements across di-verse fields.In robotics,for example,LLMs enhance the interpre-tation and translation of user voice commands,enabling precise planning and execution of robotic arm movements(Driess et al.,2023).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(NSFC)under grant numbers 52277222 and 52277223the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund under grant number 22ZR14445000.
文摘The advancement of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)towards larger structures is considered the most efficient approach to enhance energy density in clean energy storage systems.However,this advancement poses significant challenges in terms of the filling and wetting processes of battery electrolytes.The intricate interplay between electrode microstructure and electrolyte wetting process still requires further investigation.This study aims to systematically investigate the primary mechanisms influencing electrolyte wetting on porous electrode structures produced through different manufacturing processes.Using advanced X-ray computed tomography,threedimensional electrode structures are reconstructed,and permeability and capillary action are evaluated as key parameters.It is observed that increasing calendering pressure and active material content reduces electrode porosity,thereby decreasing permeability and penetration rate;however,it simultaneously enhances capillary action.The interplay between these indicators contributes to the complexity of wetting behavior.Incomplete wetting of electrolytes arises from two primary factors elucidated by further simulations:partial closure of pores induced by the calendering process impedes complete wetting,while non-wetting phase gases become trapped within the electrolyte during the wetting process hindering their release and inhibiting full penetration of the electrolyte.These findings have significant implications for designing and optimizing LIBs while offering profound insights for future advancements in battery technology.
文摘Generating realistic building layouts for automatic building design has been studied in both computer vision and architectural domains.Traditional approaches in the latter,which are based on optimization techniques or heuristic design guidelines,can synthesize desirable layouts,but usually require post-processing and involve human interaction in the design pipeline,making them costly and time-consuming.The advent of deep generative models has significantly improved the fidelity and diversity of the generated architecture layouts,reducing the workload of designers and making the process much more efficient.This paper presents a comprehensive review of three major research topics in architectural layout design and generation:floorplan layout generation,scene layout synthesis,and generation of various other formats of building layouts.For each topic,we overview the leading paradigms,categorized either by research domains(architecture or machine learning)or by user input conditions or constraints.We then introduce commonly-adopted benchmark datasets used to verify the effectiveness of the methods,as well as corresponding evaluation metrics.Finally,we identify the well-solved problems and limitations of existing approaches,and then propose promising directions for future research.This survey has an associated project which aims to maintain the resources,at https://github.com/jcliu0428/awesome-building-layout-generation.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1205101).
文摘The continuous growth in data centre traffic,especially from artificial intelligence and machine learning workloads,is driving increased single carrier line rates.High-bandwidth electro-optic modulators are essential for supporting 400 Gbit/s per lane transmission.While recent advancements have demonstrated bandwidths greater than 110 GHz at the die level,this throughput is insufficient for current and future applications like data centre optical interconnects.This paper presents a photonic platform based on 4-inch thin-film lithium niobate wafers with a quartz substrate,offering high yield,low loss and high bandwidth.This platform achieves waveguide propagation loss of<0.4 dB/cm.The thin-film lithium niobate modulators fabricated on this platform can attain a bandwidth exceeding 110 GHz and possess a half-wave voltage(Vπ)lower than 3 V,with the modulator yield reaching 50%.Additionally,by employing deep-ultraviolet lithography and a metal lift-off process,the platform can be extended to larger wafer sizes(e.g.,6 or 8 inches).This significant increase in wafer-level throughput for 110 GHz electro-optic modulators can greatly enhance data centre optical interconnect capabilities.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1003404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61872070,U1811261)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N171605001)Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807158).
文摘Network embedding which aims to embed a given network into a low-dimensional vector space has been proved effective in various network analysis and mining tasks such as node classification,link prediction and network visualization.The emerging network embedding methods have shifted of emphasis in utilizing mature deep learning models.The neural-network based network embedding has become a mainstream solution because of its high eficiency and capability of preserv-ing the nonlinear characteristics of the network.In this paper,we propose Adversarial Network Embedding using Structural Similarity(ANESS),a novel,versatile,low-complexity GAN-based network embedding model which utilizes the inherent vertex-to-vertex structural similarity attribute of the network.ANESS learns robustness and ffective vertex embeddings via a adversarial training procedure.Specifically,our method aims to exploit the strengths of generative adversarial networks in generating high-quality samples and utilize the structural similarity identity of vertexes to learn the latent representations of a network.Meanwhile,ANESS can dynamically update the strategy of generating samples during each training iteration.The extensive experiments have been conducted on the several benchmark network datasets,and empirical results demon-strate that ANESS significantly outperforms other state-of-theart network embedding methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8227060482).
文摘Background:While some studies have reported the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on immune recovery and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)reservoirs in persons living with HIV(PLWH),their findings remain inconsistent.Furthermore,limited data exist on the safety of multiple COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH.This study aimed to investigate the safety of heterological COVID-19 vaccine administration in PLWH receiving antiretroviral treatment(ART)and its effects on HIV reservoirs and immune recovery.Such an investigation can help provide a basis for vaccinations against COVID-19 in PLWH.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,PLWH receiving ART were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Infectious Diseases at the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from September 1,2021 to December 31,2021.Fifty-three PLWH receiving ART were vaccinated against COVID-19,with 35 receiving an inactivated vaccine(IN group)and 18 receiving a recombinant protein(CHO cells)vaccine(CHO group)as the third dose.We assessed the changes in liver and kidney functions,blood lipids,and other laboratory parameters at 0,1,2,4,7,8,10,and 13 months after the first vaccination dose.We also monitored CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell counts using flow cytometry at 0,1,2,4,7,8,10,and 13 months after the first vaccination dose,as well as levels of cell-associated HIV DNA(CA HIV DNA)and cell-associated HIV RNA(CA HIV RNA)in peripheral blood using the corresponding quantitative detection kits at 0,2,and 8 months after the first vaccination dose.Results:No severe adverse events related to either type of COVID-19 vaccine were observed in HIV patients,irrespective of their CD4^(+)T cell levels.Both the IN and CHO groups showed significant increases in CD4^(+)T cell counts during follow-up,CD4^(+)T cells increased from 438±45 cells/μL to 557±48 cells/μL in the CHO group,while in the IN group,it increased from 448±34 cells/μL to 572±39 cells/μL(both P<0.001).CA HIV DNA initially decreased and then increased in both groups.CA HIV RNA levels showed significantly decreased in both group after three doses of vaccination(P<0.01 in CHO group and P<0.001 in IN group).CD8^(+)T cells increased from 608±77 cells/μL to 812±116 cells/μL in the CHO group(P<0.01),while in the IN group,it increased from 702±71 cells/μL to 852±68 cells/μL(P<0.001)from baseline to the 13 month of following up.Conclusion:Our data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine is safe for PLWH on ART,although it may affect HIV reservoirs and CD8^(+)T cell counts.
